Burst Pressure Prediction of Pipes With Internal Corrosion Defects

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fahed ◽  
I. Barsoum ◽  
A. Alfantazi ◽  
M. D. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Study ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Form Expression ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Defect ◽  
Internal Lining ◽  
Corrosion Defects

Abstract Corrosion in pipeline walls can lead to severe loss of material to a point which will cause complete loss of pipeline integrity. The contemporary approach of corrosion prevention is to use internal lining system to isolate the corrosive medium from the inner surface of the host pipe. The objective of this study is to assess the burst pressure of pipelines with internal corrosion defects. The mechanical response of carbon steel API X42, X52, and X70 pipe grades are empirically estimated and implemented in a finite element model. The geometry of an internal corrosion defect is defined through its depth, width, and length, and a parametric study is undertaken to investigate the influence of the corrosion defect parameters to the overall burst pressure of the pipe. Based on the results from the parametric study, the Buckingham π-theorem is used to derive an analytical closed-form expression to predict the burst pressure of internally corroded pipes, which is found to agree markedly well with the experimental results.

Development of a Closed-Form Expression for the Assessment of the Integrity of Internally Corroded Pipelines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fahed ◽  
I. Barsoum
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Form Expression ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Internal Corrosion

Carbon steel pipelines are renowned for their long-term resistance to the hydrostatic pressure of the transported fluid. Nevertheless, failure of carbon steel pipes can be catastrophic if not predicted or mitigated properly. One of the most common failure causes in carbon steel pipelines is corrosion of the pipeline inner and outer surfaces. The corrosion on pipeline walls will eventually lead to severe loss of material to a point which will cause complete loss of pipeline integrity. The study will assess the burst pressure of predefined internal corrosion-defected carbon steel pipelines through finite element analysis. The mechanical response of the host carbon steel pipeline is empirically estimated. A set of corrosion defect geometrical sizes, such as depth width and length to be considered is carefully developed. Accordingly, a parametric study considering the developed set of defect geometrical parameters, as well as the mechanical response of the pipe material, is conducted. The parametric study is performed through finite element analysis to investigate the influence of the highlighted parameters to the overall burst pressure of the pipe. Based on the results from parametric study of corrosion-defected carbon steel pipelines, the Buckingham π-theorem modelling approach is used to derive an analytical closed-form expression to predict the burst pressure of defected pipes containing internal corrosion defects of an arbitrary size.

Finite Element Analysis of Complex Corrosion Defects

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane S. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Defect ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Defect Assessment ◽  
Corrosion Defects

Aging gas and oil transmission pipeline infrastructure has led to the need for improved integrity assessment. Presently, external and internal corrosion defects are the leading cause of pipeline failure in Canada, and in many other countries around the world. The currently accepted defect assessment procedures have been shown to be conservative, with the degree of conservatism varying with the defect dimensions. To address this issue, a multi-level corrosion defect assessment procedure has been proposed. The assessment levels are organized in terms of increasing complexity; with three-dimensional elastic-plastic Finite Element Analysis (FEA) proposed as the highest level of assessment. This method requires the true stress-strain curve of the material, as determined from uniaxial tensile tests, and the corrosion defect geometry to assess the burst pressure of corrosion defects. The use of non-linear FEA to predict the failure pressure of real corrosion defects has been investigated using the results from 25 burst tests on pipe sections removed from service due to the presence of corrosion defects. It has been found that elastic-plastic FEA provides an accurate prediction of the burst pressure and failure location of complex-shaped corrosion defects. Although this approach requires detailed information regarding the corrosion geometry, it is appropriate for cases where an accurate burst pressure prediction is necessary.

Integrity Assessment of Internally Corroded Pipelines Rehabilitated With a Kevlar-Reinforced Flexible Liner

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fahed ◽  
I. Barsoum ◽  
A. Alfantazi ◽  
M. D. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Corrosion Defect ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Internal Lining ◽  
Lining Technology ◽  
Corrosion Barrier

Abstract Contemporary approach of corrosion prevention is to use internal lining system to isolate the corrosive medium from the host pipe's inner surface. The liners serve to offer a longer lifecycle of pipelines, as well as a corrosion barrier against aggressive chemical agents. A recent lining technology based on a Kevlar-reinforced flexible polymer composite liner called the InField Liner (IFL) has been successfully installed in several pipelines. It has been theorized that the added inherent strength of the liner due to the Kevlar-reinforcement can give rise to an increase in burst pressure level of the corroded pipeline. The mechanical response of the IFL liner is established accurately and used to define the constitutive behavior of the IFL material in a nonlinear finite element model of liner installed in a host pipe with internal corrosion defect. The results reveal that an increase in burst pressure is achieved with the IFL liner, which is attributed to the interaction between the IFL and the internal corrosion defect. The increase in burst pressure is especially noted for rather deep and short length defects. The primary reason to the increase is the stretch of the Kevlar fabric into the defect cavity inducing a load transfer between the liner and pipe at the defect zone. A closed-form solution is developed, which can be used to assess the increase in burst of pipelines containing internal corrosion defects when rehabilitated with an IFL liner. The results of the study demonstrate that the IFL internal lining technology can be used as a corrosion barrier in steel pipelines for rehabilitation of old pipelines, as well as providing an increase in burst pressure level when the liner is installed due to its complex interaction with the internal corrosion defect.

Effects of depth in external and internal corrosion defects on failure pressure predictions of oil and gas pipelines using finite element models

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 3128-3139
Author(s):  
Selene Capula Colindres ◽  
Gerardo Terán Méndez ◽  
Julio Cesar Velázquez ◽  
Roman Cabrera-Sierra ◽  
Daniel Angeles-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Failure Pressure ◽  
Corrosion Defect ◽  
Corrosion Defects ◽  
Pipeline Failure ◽  
First Time

This study presents, for the first time, the mechanical behavior of API 5L pipeline steels X42, X52, X60, X70, X80, and X100 with external and internal corrosion defects as well as a combination of both defects that has been named external–internal corrosion defects. The conventional methods to predict failure pressure in corroded pipes, such as B31G, RSTRENG-1, SHELL, DNV-99, PCORRC, and FITNET FFS, have also been discussed in this article. In addition, pipeline failure pressure has been estimated using the finite element method, considering that it is the best approach to calculate actual failure pressure. The external and internal corrosion defect investigated in this research manifests as a rectangular shape with spherical ends at the edges. When the external–internal corrosion defect appears, failure pressure data decrease dramatically because of severe damage. This is due to the decrease in the ligament (effective area) caused by the corrosion defect. To have a good estimation of the pipeline failure pressure with an external–internal corrosion defect, DNV-99 method can be used with acceptable certainty.

Mechanical behavior analysis of gas pipeline with defects under lateral landslide

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110171
Author(s):  
Yi Liao ◽  
Changlei Liu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Taolong Xu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Defect ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Maximum Equivalent Stress ◽  
Corrosion Defects

Landslide is the main factor threatening the operation safety of long-distance gas pipeline, and the internal corrosion of pipeline will also seriously affect its reliability. Using LS-DYNA software, considering the interaction between pipeline and soil, a model of pipeline with defects crossing landslide is established based on the coupling of smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element method (SPH-FEM). The effect of the depth, number and spacing of pipeline defects and gas pressure on the mechanical behavior of pipeline is analyzed. The results show that the corrosion defects and gas pressure have little effect on the deformation of the pipeline. It is also found that when the gas pressure of the pipeline increases gradually from zero, the residual strength of the pipeline has a maximum value. Additionally, for the single corrosion defect, the maximum plastic deformation appears in the center of the corrosion defect, but for the double corrosion defect, it appears in junction of the corrosion defects. Furthermore, with the increase of landslide displacement, the plastic strain zone gradually extends along the circumference of the pipeline in these two kinds of defective pipelines. At the same time, the interaction between adjacent corrosion defects is found. The interaction is related to the defect spacing: within a certain range, the interaction increases with the increase of the defect spacing, the maximum equivalent stress appears at the junction of defects, and the stress concentration area expands along the circumferential direction. With the further increase of the spacing, the interaction disappears.

Numeral Simulation Study on Pipeline Corrosion Defects under Different Sizes and Pressures Based on FEM

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 1154-1157
Author(s):  
Han Wu Liu ◽  
Rui Hua Dong ◽  
Han Xun Lv
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Defect Depth ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Corrosion Defect ◽  
Corrosion Defects ◽  
Pipeline Corrosion

Finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the pipeline corrosion defects by applying the boundary conditions of square wave excitation to simulate the distributions of current and induced magnetic field in the pipeline under various defect volumes. The results of the study show: When there is no corrosion defect in the pipeline, the electric current in the pipeline is basically even distribution. The magnetic field is distributed for the symmetrical vortex shape from head to foot, and it has not obviously gather phenomenon. When there are some corrosion defects in the pipeline, the electric current forms partial symmetrical vortex shape in both sides of the corrosion defect, and it is obviously assembled in the defect place. The simulation results of the different size defects show that the maximum magnetic field strength and the maximum current value increase with the defect depth increasing, while the output voltage decreases with the defect depth increasing. For the analysis of the stress distributions of the pipeline corrosion defect with certain size under different pressures, it was found that the maximum stress is 596 MPa when the bearing limit work pressure of the pipeline is 7 MPa, which is smaller than the yield strength with ensuring the safely running of the pipelines with defects.

scholarly journals Synthesizing of Planar and Conformal Double-Sided Parallel-Cross Dipoles FSS Based on Closed-Form Expression

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Yassine Zouaoui ◽  
Larbi Talbi ◽  
Khelifa Hettak ◽  
Naresh K. Darimireddy
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Form Expression

On the effect of long corrosion defect and axial tension on the burst pressure of subsea pipelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 102637
Author(s):  
Zhan-Feng Chen ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
He Yang ◽  
Sun-Ting Yan ◽  
Zhi-Jiang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Corrosion Defect ◽  
Axial Tension ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

Distribution of Consensus in a Broadcasting-based Consensus-forming Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Shigeo Shioda
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Infinite Number ◽  
Stable Distribution ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Cauchy Distribution ◽  
Closed Form Expression ◽  
Form Expression

The consensus achieved in the consensus-forming algorithm is not generally a constant but rather a random variable, even if the initial opinions are the same. In the present paper, we investigate the statistical properties of the consensus in a broadcasting-based consensus-forming algorithm. We focus on two extreme cases: consensus forming by two agents and consensus forming by an infinite number of agents. In the two-agent case, we derive several properties of the distribution function of the consensus. In the infinite-numberof- agents case, we show that if the initial opinions follow a stable distribution, then the consensus also follows a stable distribution. In addition, we derive a closed-form expression of the probability density function of the consensus when the initial opinions follow a Gaussian distribution, a Cauchy distribution, or a L´evy distribution.

scholarly journals A Computational Study of the Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Affected from Alkali–Silica Reactivity Damage

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3346
Author(s):  
Bora Gencturk ◽  
Hadi Aryan ◽  
Mohammad Hanifehzadeh ◽  
Clotilde Chambreuil ◽  
Jianqiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Shear Behavior ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Alkali Silica Reactivity ◽  
Concrete Mechanical Properties

In this study, an investigation of the shear behavior of full-scale reinforced concrete (RC) beams affected from alkali–silica reactivity damage is presented. A detailed finite element model (FEM) was developed and validated with data obtained from the experiments using several metrics, including a force–deformation curve, rebar strains, and crack maps and width. The validated FEM was used in a parametric study to investigate the potential impact of alkali–silica reactivity (ASR) degradation on the shear capacity of the beam. Degradations of concrete mechanical properties were correlated with ASR expansion using material test data and implemented in the FEM for different expansions. The finite element (FE) analysis provided a better understanding of the failure mechanism of ASR-affected RC beam and degradation in the capacity as a function of the ASR expansion. The parametric study using the FEM showed 6%, 19%, and 25% reduction in the shear capacity of the beam, respectively, affected from 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% of ASR-induced expansion.

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