Characteristic Equation Development for Single-Slope Solar Distiller Unit Augmented With N Identical Parabolic Concentrator Integrated Evacuated Tubular Collectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
Rahul Sharma ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
Ajay R. Singh ◽  
Desh B. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Characteristic Equation ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flat Plate Collector ◽  
Basin Area

Abstract In this communication, characteristic equation for single-slope solar still augmented with N alike parabolic concentrator integrated evacuated tubular collectors has been developed which is also valid for N alike evacuated tubular collectors integrated single-slope solar distiller unit as well as passive single-slope solar distiller unit. The developed equation is similar in the form to Hottel-Whillier-Bliss equation which was developed for flat plate collector. The analytical equation development for the proposed system involves the writing of equations for its different components on the ground of equating net energy input to net energy output. The results obtained for the proposed system have been compared with the results of N alike evacuated tubular collectors integrated single-slope solar distiller unit and passive single-slope solar distiller unit. It has been concluded that the mean value of instantaneous efficiency for N alike parabolic concentrator integrated evacuated tubular collectors is higher by 42.86% and 50.82%; daily generation of freshwater is higher by 49.73% and 74.34%; and daily exergy is higher by 78.71% and 93.35% than the corresponding values for N alike evacuated tubular collector integrated single-slope solar distiller unit and passive single-slope solar distiller unit for the same basin area in that order.

An experimental investigation on a solar still with an integrated flat plate collector

Desalination ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rajaseenivasan ◽  
P. Nelson Raja ◽  
K. Srithar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

scholarly journals Effect of tillage systems on energy input and energy efficiency for sugar beet and soybean under Pannonian climate conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Use Efficiency

Sustainable cropping systems require efficient usage of fossil energy. This study performed on a long-term field experiment in the Pannonian Basis investigated the energy efficiency of four tillage systems (mouldboard plough (MP), deep conservation tillage (CT<sub>d</sub>), shallow conservation tillage (CT<sub>s</sub>) and no-tillage (NT)) for sugar beet and soybean production, taking fuel consumption, total energy input (made up of both direct and indirect inputs), crop yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity and energy use efficiency into account. The input rates of fertiliser, chemical plant protection, and seeds were set constant across years; whereas measured values of fuel consumption were used for all tillage treatments. NT required a considerably lower energy input than MP and CT<sub>d</sub> as no fuel is needed for tillage and just slightly more fuel for additional spraying of glyphosate. Anyhow, the energy efficiency parameters did not differ between tillage treatments, as theses parameters were mainly determined by energy output, which was considerably higher than the energy input. However, year effects on the energy efficiency were observed for both crops. Nitrogen fertilisation and diesel fuel consumption were identified as the most energy-intensive inputs. Consequently, the energy input for sugar beet was higher than that for soybean, which was identified as a low-input crop. But sugar beet attained a more than 4 times higher net-energy output, a 2.5 times higher energy use efficiency, and an energy intensity for yield production of less than 3 times those of soybean.  

Energy performance of conservation tillage management for spring wheat production in the Brown soil zone

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
M. A. Stumborg ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
F. Selles
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Nonrenewable Energy

There is growing interest in the potential for improving nonrenewable energy use efficiency of traditional agricultural production activities in the Canadian prairies. This study, which was conducted on three soil textures in the Brown soil zone of southwestern Saskatchewan, examined the energy performance of conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT) management practices for spring wheat grown in fallow-wheat (F–W) and continuous wheat (Cont W) rotations over a 12-yr period (1982–1993). Metabolizable energy output increased with cropping intensity on a silt loam at Swift Current and on a clay at Stewart Valley (average of 16 751 MJ ha–1 for F–W and 24 110 MJ ha−1 for Cont W), but not on a sandy loam at Cantuar (average 14 828 MJ ha−1) where soil water-holding capacity was limited. Further, because grain yield was rarely significantly influenced by tillage method, the latter had little influence on the overall output of metabolizable energy. Total input of nonrenewable energy per unit of rotation also increased with cropping intensity (average 2585 MJ ha−1 for F–W and 5274 MJ ha−1 for Cont W). This was primarily because of the higher rates of N fertilizer that were required with stubble cropping. We found little or no net energy savings with NT management; the F–W (MT) system tended to have the lowest overall nonrenewable energy requirement at all test sites. Although the use of conservation tillage practices provided significant energy savings in fuel and machinery, particularly for F–W systems, these were largely offset by increases in the energy input for herbicides, and higher rates of N fertilizer that were required for NT managed areas. Consequently, net energy produced (energy output minus energy input) had similar patterns as metabolizable energy output. In contrast, when efficiency was expressed as ratios of energy output to energy input, or quantity of wheat produced per unit of energy input, the values were higher for F–W (average 6.2 and 456 kg GJ−1, respectively) than for Cont W systems (average 3.8 and 278 kg GJ−1, respectively). These measures of energy efficiency also tended to be higher for CT and MT than for NT management on the medium- and fine-textured soils, but on the coarse-textured soil, tillage had no influence on the energy efficiency of the cropping systems. We concluded that the potential for achieving energy savings by adopting conservation tillage management for monoculture wheat rotations is low in this semiarid region. This was because of the lack of consistent yield advantages with MT and NT, and due to the few tillage operations that are traditionally used to control weeds on summerfllow areas and to prepare the seedbed with CT management. Key words: Wheat, minimum tillage, no-tillage, nonrenewable energy, energy output/input, energy efficiency

A solar still augmented with a flat-plate collector

Desalination ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Badran ◽  
Ihmad A. Al-Hallaq ◽  
Imad A. Eyal Salman ◽  
Mohammad Z. Odat
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

Enhancement of Productivity on Double Slope Single Basin Solar still by Flat Plate Collector and Sponge

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
J. Prabahar ◽  
Thangavel Balusamy ◽  
Varghese M. John
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Living Thing ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

One of the essential needs of a living thing on earth is the pure water and nowadays this valuable natural resource is facing severe scarcity problems. Solar distillation is a better choice to minimize this problem by harvesting solar radiation in solar still and thereby producing pure water from hard water or brine. In this work, an attempt was made to enhance the productivity of still by flat plate collector, sponge, the combination. Finally, the productivity of the simple still was compared with that of a flat-plate collector, sponge, the combination. Use of flat plate collector and sponge increases the overall temperature of the still water and enhance the evaporation respectively thereby this will improve the condensate production of the solar still. It was observed that productivity increased by 14% in case of still with a collector, 10% for still with a sponge and 17% for still with collector sponge combination when compared with simple still.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency of Continuous Rye, Rotational Rye and Barley in Different Fertilization Systems in a Long-Term Field Experiment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Total Energy Input ◽  
Use Efficiency

A goal in sustainable agriculture is to use fossil energy more efficiently in crop production. This 60-year-old experiment on a silt loam chernozem investigated effects of fertilization (unfertilized control, mineral fertilizer (NPK) and farmyard manure (FYM)) and rotation (continuous winter rye (CR), winter rye in rotation (RR), spring barley in rotation (SB) on diesel fuel consumption, total energy input (made of both direct and indirect inputs), crop yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity, energy productivity and energy use efficiency. The input rates of fertilizer, herbicides and seeds were set constant during the experiment. Soil tillage was done with a moldboard plough with subsequent combined seedbed preparation and seeding. The mean calculated total energy input was highest in NPK with 11.28 GJ ha−1 and lowest in the unfertilized control with 5.00 GJ ha−1. Total energy input for FYM was intermediate with 6.30 GJ ha−1. With energetic consideration of NPK nutrients in FYM the total energy input increased to the level of NPK. The share of the fertilizer energy on the total energy input was 49% for NPK. Fertilization with FYM and NPK increased yield and energy output considerably, especially of CR and SB which attained about doubled values. Crop rotation also increased the yield and energy output, especially of unfertilized rye, which attained values increased by about 75%. Fertilization with FYM resulted in the highest energy efficiency as the net-energy output, the energy productivity and the energy use efficiency were higher but the energy intensity was lower compared to unfertilized controls and NPK. When the nutrients in FYM were also energetically considered, the energy efficiency parameters of FYM decreased to the level of the NPK treatment. Crop rotation increased the energy efficiency of winter rye compared to the monoculture.

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