A Coarse-Grained Regularization Method of Convolutional Kernel for Molten Pool Defect Identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyuan Liu ◽  
Jinsong Bao ◽  
Junliang Wang ◽  
Yiming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Regularization Method ◽  
Molten Pool ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Algorithm Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Convolution Kernels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Pool Dataset

Abstract Machine vision has a wide range of applications in the field of welding. The rise of convolutional neural network (CNN) provides a new way to extract visual features of welding. Due to the limitation of the small size of our molten pool dataset, the regularization of the CNN model is necessary to prevent overfitting. We propose a coarse-grained regularization method for convolution kernels (CGRCKs), which is designed to maximize the difference between convolution kernels in the same layer. The algorithm performance was tested on our self-made dataset and other public datasets. The results show that the CGRCK method can extract multi-faceted features. Compared with L1 or L2 regularization, the proposed method works great on CNNs and introduces little overhead cost to the training.

Comparative Effects of High-Tech Visual Scene Displays and Low-Tech Isolated Picture Symbols on Engagement From Students With Multiple Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Holyfield ◽  
Sydney Brooks ◽  
Allison Schluterman
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an intervention approach that can promote communication and language in children with multiple disabilities who are beginning communicators. While a wide range of AAC technologies are available, little is known about the comparative effects of specific technology options. Given that engagement can be low for beginning communicators with multiple disabilities, the current study provides initial information about the comparative effects of 2 AAC technology options—high-tech visual scene displays (VSDs) and low-tech isolated picture symbols—on engagement. Method Three elementary-age beginning communicators with multiple disabilities participated. The study used a single-subject, alternating treatment design with each technology serving as a condition. Participants interacted with their school speech-language pathologists using each of the 2 technologies across 5 sessions in a block randomized order. Results According to visual analysis and nonoverlap of all pairs calculations, all 3 participants demonstrated more engagement with the high-tech VSDs than the low-tech isolated picture symbols as measured by their seconds of gaze toward each technology option. Despite the difference in engagement observed, there was no clear difference across the 2 conditions in engagement toward the communication partner or use of the AAC. Conclusions Clinicians can consider measuring engagement when evaluating AAC technology options for children with multiple disabilities and should consider evaluating high-tech VSDs as 1 technology option for them. Future research must explore the extent to which differences in engagement to particular AAC technologies result in differences in communication and language learning over time as might be expected.

Patterns in diversity and composition of the microbenthos of subarctic intertidal beaches with different morphodynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
AI Azovsky ◽  
YA Mazei ◽  
MA Saburova ◽  
PV Sapozhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundance Ratio ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Sediment Properties ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Similar Mode ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Diversity and composition of benthic diatom algae and ciliates were studied at several beaches along the White and Barents seas: from highly exposed, reflective beaches with coarse-grained sands to sheltered, dissipative silty-sandy flats. For diatoms, the epipelic to epipsammic species abundance ratio was significantly correlated with the beach index and mean particle size, while neither α-diversity measures nor mean cell length were related to beach properties. In contrast, most of the characteristics of ciliate assemblages (diversity, total abundance and biomass, mean individual weight and percentage of karyorelictids) demonstrated a strong correlation to beach properties, remaining low at exposed beaches but increasing sharply in more sheltered conditions. β-diversity did not correlate with beach properties for either diatoms or ciliates. We suggest that wave action and sediment properties are the main drivers controlling the diversity and composition of the intertidal microbenthos. Diatoms and ciliates, however, demonstrated divergent response to these factors. Epipelic and epipsammic diatoms exhibited 2 different strategies to adapt to their environments and therefore were complementarily distributed along the environmental gradient and compensated for each other in diversity. Most ciliates demonstrated a similar mode of habitat selection but differed in their degree of tolerance. Euryporal (including mesoporal) species were relatively tolerant to wave action and therefore occurred under a wide range of beach conditions, though their abundance and diversity were highest in fine, relatively stable sediments on sheltered beaches, whereas the specific interstitial (i.e. genuine microporal) species were mostly restricted to only these habitats.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

Generalized Heterodyne Configurations for Photo-induced Force Microscopy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Wang ◽  
Devon Jakob ◽  
Haomin Wang ◽  
Alexis Apostolos ◽  
Marcos M. Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
High Harmonic ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Heterodyne Detection ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Afm Cantilever

<div>Infrared chemical microscopy through mechanical probing of light-matter interactions by atomic force microscopy (AFM) bypasses the diffraction limit. One increasingly popular technique is photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM), which utilizes the mechanical heterodyne signal detection between cantilever mechanical resonant oscillations and the photo induced force from light-matter interaction. So far, photo induced force microscopy has been operated in only one heterodyne configuration. In this article, we generalize heterodyne configurations of photoinduced force microscopy by introducing two new schemes: harmonic heterodyne detection and sequential heterodyne detection. In harmonic heterodyne detection, the laser repetition rate matches integer fractions of the difference between the two mechanical resonant modes of the AFM cantilever. The high harmonic of the beating from the photothermal expansion mixes with the AFM cantilever oscillation to provide PiFM signal. In sequential heterodyne detection, the combination of the repetition rate of laser pulses and polarization modulation frequency matches the difference between two AFM mechanical modes, leading to detectable PiFM signals. These two generalized heterodyne configurations for photo induced force microscopy deliver new avenues for chemical imaging and broadband spectroscopy at ~10 nm spatial resolution. They are suitable for a wide range of heterogeneous materials across various disciplines: from structured polymer film, polaritonic boron nitride materials, to isolated bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls. The generalized heterodyne configurations introduce flexibility for the implementation of PiFM and related tapping mode AFM-IR, and provide possibilities for additional modulation channel in PiFM for targeted signal extraction with nanoscale spatial resolution.</div>

scholarly journals Predictive modelling of soils’ hydraulic conductivity using artificial neural network and multiple linear regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Gbenga Williams ◽  
Oluwapelumi O. Ojuri
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Input Variables

AbstractAs a result of heterogeneity nature of soils and variation in its hydraulic conductivity over several orders of magnitude for various soil types from fine-grained to coarse-grained soils, predictive methods to estimate hydraulic conductivity of soils from properties considered more easily obtainable have now been given an appropriate consideration. This study evaluates the performance of artificial neural network (ANN) being one of the popular computational intelligence techniques in predicting hydraulic conductivity of wide range of soil types and compared with the traditional multiple linear regression (MLR). ANN and MLR models were developed using six input variables. Results revealed that only three input variables were statistically significant in MLR model development. Performance evaluations of the developed models using determination coefficient and mean square error show that the prediction capability of ANN is far better than MLR. In addition, comparative study with available existing models shows that the developed ANN and MLR in this study performed relatively better.

scholarly journals Quantum information probes of charge fractionalization in large-N gauge theories

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon S. DiNunno ◽  
Niko Jokela ◽  
Juan F. Pedraza ◽  
Arttu Pönni
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Entanglement Entropy ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Large N ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Charge Fractionalization ◽  
Electric Flux

Abstract We study in detail various information theoretic quantities with the intent of distinguishing between different charged sectors in fractionalized states of large-N gauge theories. For concreteness, we focus on a simple holographic (2 + 1)-dimensional strongly coupled electron fluid whose charged states organize themselves into fractionalized and coherent patterns at sufficiently low temperatures. However, we expect that our results are quite generic and applicable to a wide range of systems, including non-holographic. The probes we consider include the entanglement entropy, mutual information, entanglement of purification and the butterfly velocity. The latter turns out to be particularly useful, given the universal connection between momentum and charge diffusion in the vicinity of a black hole horizon. The RT surfaces used to compute the above quantities, though, are largely insensitive to the electric flux in the bulk. To address this deficiency, we propose a generalized entanglement functional that is motivated through the Iyer-Wald formalism, applied to a gravity theory coupled to a U(1) gauge field. We argue that this functional gives rise to a coarse grained measure of entanglement in the boundary theory which is obtained by tracing over (part) of the fractionalized and cohesive charge degrees of freedom. Based on the above, we construct a candidate for an entropic c-function that accounts for the existence of bulk charges. We explore some of its general properties and their significance, and discuss how it can be used to efficiently account for charged degrees of freedom across different energy scales.

scholarly journals Natural Science and Supernatural Thought Experiments

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
James Robert Brown
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Theological Thought

Religious notions have long played a role in epistemology. Theological thought experiments, in particular, have been effective in a wide range of situations in the sciences. Some of these are merely picturesque, others have been heuristically important, and still others, as I will argue, have played a role that could be called essential. I will illustrate the difference between heuristic and essential with two examples. One of these stems from the Newton–Leibniz debate over the nature of space and time; the other is a thought experiment of my own constructed with the aim of making a case for a more liberal view of evidence in mathematics.

An experimental assessment of the evaporation correlations for natural, forced and combined convection regimes

2011 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jodat ◽  
M Moghiman
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Convection Regime ◽  
Combined Convection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
Evaporation Models

In the present study, the applicability of widely used evaporation models (Dalton approach-based correlations) is experimentally investigated for natural, forced, and combined convection regimes. A series of experimental measurements are carried out over a wide range of water temperatures and air velocities for 0.01 ≤ Gr/Re2 ≤ 100 in a heated rectangular pool. The investigations show that the evaporation rate strongly depends on the convection regime's Gr/ Re2 value. The results show that the evaporation rate increases with the difference in vapour pressures over both forced convection (0.01 ≤ Gr/Re2 ≤ 0.1) and turbulent mixed convection regimes (0.15 ≤ Gr/Re2 ≤ 25). However, the escalation rate of evaporation decreases with Gr/ Re2 in the forced convection regime whereas in the turbulent mixed convection it increases. In addition, over the range of the free convection regime ( Gr/Re2 ≥ 25), the evaporation rate is affected not only by the vapour pressure difference but also by the density variation. A dimensionless correlation using the experimental data of all convection regimes (0.01 ≤ Gr/Re2 ≤ 100) is proposed to cover different water surface geometries and airflow conditions.

Closed-Form Correlation of Buildings Energy Use With Key Design Parameters Calibrated Using a Genetic Algorithm

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed I. Bourisli ◽  
Adnan A. AlAnzi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Variable Function ◽  
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm ◽  
The Difference

This work aims at developing a closed-form correlation between key building design variables and its energy use. The results can be utilized during the initial design stages to assess the different building shapes and designs according to their expected energy use. Prototypical, 20-floor office buildings were used. The relative compactness, footprint area, projection factor, and window-to-wall ratio were changed and the resulting buildings performances were simulated. In total, 729 different office buildings were developed and simulated in order to provide the training cases for optimizing the correlation’s coefficients. Simulations were done using the VisualDOE TM software with a Typical Meteorological Year data file, Kuwait City, Kuwait. A real-coded genetic algorithm (GA) was used to optimize the coefficients of a proposed function that relates the energy use of a building to its four key parameters. The figure of merit was the difference in the ratio of the annual energy use of a building normalized by that of a reference building. The objective was to minimize the difference between the simulated results and the four-variable function trying to predict them. Results show that the real-coded GA was able to come up with a function that estimates the thermal performance of a proposed design with an accuracy of around 96%, based on the number of buildings tested. The goodness of fit, roughly represented by R2, ranged from 0.950 to 0.994. In terms of the effects of the various parameters, the area was found to have the smallest role among the design parameters. It was also found that the accuracy of the function suffers the most when high window-to-wall ratios are combined with low projection factors. In such cases, the energy use develops a potential optimum compactness. The proposed function (and methodology) will be a great tool for designers to inexpensively explore a wide range of alternatives and assess them in terms of their energy use efficiency. It will also be of great use to municipality officials and building codes authors.

The Research on the Mechanical Property of CBF/PP Composite Board

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1063-1067
Author(s):  
Fei Fei Zhu ◽  
Zhi Li Zhong ◽  
Zong Fu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The three composite boards which were made of continuous basalt fiber (CBF) and polypropylene fiber (PP) in different fiber ratios were researched on this paper. The manufacturing forming process included blending, carding, web formation, laminating and compression molding orderly. The tension and bending properties were investigated experimentally, and then dual variance analysis was used to show the significant difference of the mechanical property in the transverse and longitudinal orientation as well the appreciable impact of different fiber ratios to the mechanical property. The results show that the difference of the tension and blending strength in the same direction, among composite boards in different fiber proportions, is about 1~10Mpa; the difference in the same fiber proportion, between transverse and longitudinal, vary within a wide range from 10Mpa to 30Mpa. The results of variance analysis have also proved the conclusion, the difference between transverse and longitudinal is more significant than the difference among different fiber proportions. In the similar study, the significance hadn’t been seen sufficiently, so this paper provides reference to the actual application of the composite board.

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