Design of Compressed Natural Gas Pressure Vessel (Type II) to Improve Storage Efficiency and Structural Reliability

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo Seo Kwak ◽  
Gun Young Park ◽  
Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Metallic Liner

Abstract Type II storage vessel, which consists of a metallic liner hoop wrapped with a carbon fiber-resin composite to work at high pressure, has been widely adopted as the fuel container for compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. The general vessel, manufactured by welding enclosures to an open-end cylinder, shows uniform thickness throughout the whole liner, while the high pressure vessel, fabricated by the deep drawing and ironing (D.D.I) and spinning processes, has the integral junction part of cylinder with increased end thickness along the meridian direction. This study established a design method for improvement of failure resistance and inner capacity of the seamless CNG pressure vessel (Type II) through finite element analysis with consideration of thickness variation. Autofrettage pressure is used to enhance fracture performance and fatigue life of the vessel, and variations of stress behaviors in the liner and composite were analyzed during the autofrettage process. The influence of the composite on generation of compressive residual stress was investigated. In order to verify advantages of the D. D. I. and the spinning processes for structural safety at the end closure, the stress distribution considering thickness variation was compared with that with uniform thickness, and the maximum inner capacity objective satisfying structural reliability was obtained. The inner capacity of the proposed model with the ratio of major axis to minor axis, 2.2, was expanded by 4.5. Theoretical equivalent stresses were compared with those from the simulations, and the technique of FEM was verified.

scholarly journals Development of ASME Section X Code for High Pressure Vessels

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman L. Newhouse ◽  
George B. Rawls
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Qualification Testing ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

ASME has a project to meet industry needs for pressure vessel Code updates to address storage of high pressure hydrogen. This has resulted in updates to existing B&PV Code, new Code Cases, and new Code requirements. One of the tasks was to develop requirements for high pressure composite reinforced vessels with non-load sharing liners. Originally developed as a Code Case, the requirements have been approved as mandatory Appendix 8 of ASME Section X of the B&PV Code, to be published in July 2010. The allowed pressures of this new Code are from 0.7 MPa (3,000 psi) to 103.4 MPa (15,000 psi). Qualification testing addresses expected operating conditions. Inspection requirements are being developed in cooperation with NBIC. Pressure vessels are being developed that meet the new ASME requirements. Efforts will be made to include additional gases, including compressed natural gas, and additional operational requirements in future revisions. Paper published with permission.

ANALISA KINERJA CNG COOLER PADA SISTEM CNG PLANT

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Seno - Darmanto ◽  
Muhammad Fahrudin
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Process Utility

CNG Cooler is a heat exchanger in CNG Plant System which has function to reduce CNG temperature. CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is natural gas which compressed by gas compressor from normal pressure up to certain high pressure. CNG Plant is gas storage and supply facility for PLTGU when it work at peak load hours. CNG Cooler reduce temperature of CNG which out from gas compressor before saved in storage utility which purpose to avoid over heating in the next process, increase durability of the next process utility, and make gas storage utility design easy.

scholarly journals Modeling the Consequences of Methane Gas Expansion in a CNG Fuel Stations of Isfahan Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh RASTIMEHR ◽  
Mahshid BAHRAMI ◽  
Adel MAZLOMI ◽  
Mohammad Hossein CHALAK ◽  
Reza POURBABAKI
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Vapor Cloud ◽  
Fire And Explosion ◽  
Gas Expansion

Introduction: Assessment of the consequences of hazards such as fire and explosion is one of the most urgent and important steps to improve the level of safety in the current stations and those that are in the design process. The purpose of this study was to review the model of CNG Compressed Natural Gas releases and the range of damages to individuals and equipment. Moreover, we examined the observance of safe distance of this station to its surroundings. Materials and Methods: In this study, modeling the effects of fire and explosion on the CNG fuel station in Isfahan province was performed using ALOHA software. In this model, six scenarios were designed to create a hole with a diameter of 0.03m and a gap of 0.2m and width of 0.2 m in a pressure vessel. Results: It was observed that the toxic atmosphere was within the distance of 55 meters at a concentration of 65000 ppm. In the case of a gap, the toxic vapor cloud range could increase to 66 meters. The flammable superpower range was 89meters for the hole but 107 meters for the gap. The thermal radiation from the jet fire to the distance of 25meters was 10 kw/sqm for the hole, but the thermal radiation was 10 kw/sqm for the gap to 35meters. Conclusion: The most dangerous scenario was the Jet Fire, which involved not only the CNG station, but also the municipal parking area. Furthermore,  the thermal radiation produced by the gap was greater than the hole with regard to the involved range.  

Experimental Measurements of the Solubility of Hydrocarbons in Compressed Natural Gas Under Pressure (10 – 100 MPa) and Temperature (50 – 150°C).

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nogaret ◽  
R. Tufeu ◽  
B. Le Neindre
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Gas Fields

ABSTRACTAn apparatus to measure phase equilibria under pressure is described. The composition of the gas phase was determined using a high pressure, high temperature sampling cell. We have found that compressed natural gas is a very good solvent of hydrocarbons. A possible application of this study is the understanding of processes which lead to migration of oil and the location of oil and gas fields.

scholarly journals Application of ASME Section VIII Division 3 to Compressed Natural Gas Transport

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robert Sims
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Natural Gas Transport

Marine transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is well established and extensive precedents for the design of the ships and tanks exist. Fewer precedents exist for the transport of compressed natural gas (CNG). This paper describes the application of composite (fiber) wrapped pressure vessels constructed to the requirements of ASME Section VIII Division 3, Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels (Division 3) to pressure vessels for marine CNG transport. Since the density of CNG is much lower than the density of LNG, efficient transport requires that the pressure vessels be as light as possible while ensuring pressure integrity. The advantages of a composite fiber wrap and of Division 3 construction for this application will be discussed. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Integrated Design of D.D.I., Filament Winding and Curing Processes for Manufacturing the High Pressure Vessel (Type II)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoseo Kwak ◽  
Gunyoung Park ◽  
Hansaem Seong ◽  
Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Composite Pressure Vessel ◽  
Metal Liner ◽  
Filament Winding Process

Abstract As energy crisis and environment pollution all around the world threaten the widespread use of fossil fuels, compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles are explored as an alternative to the conventional gasoline powered vehicles. Because of the limited space available for the car, the composite pressure vessel (Type II) has been applied to the CNG vehicles to reach large capacity and weight lightening vehicles. High pressure vessel (Type II) is composed of a composite layer and a metal liner. The metal liner is formed by the deep drawing and ironing (D.D.I.) process, which is a complex process of deep drawing and ironing. The cylinder part is reinforced by composite layer wrapped through the filament winding process and is bonded to the liner by the curing process. In this study, an integrated design method was presented by establishing the techniques for FE analysis of entire processes (D.D.I., filament winding and curing processes) to manufacture the CNG composite pressure vessel (Type II). Dimensions of the dies and the punches of the 1st (cup drawing), 2nd (redrawing-ironing 1-ironing 2) and 3rd (redrawing-ironing) stages were calculated theoretically, and shape of tractrix die to be satisfied with the minimum forming load was suggested for life improvement and manufacturing costs in the D.D.I. process. Thickness of the composite material was determined in the filament winding process, finally, conditions of the curing process (number of heating stage, curing temperature, heating rate and time) were proposed to reinforce adhesive strength between the composite layers.

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