scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Precessing Vortex Core Impact on the Liquid Fuel Spray in a Gas Turbine Model Combustor

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Renaud ◽  
Sébastien Ducruix ◽  
Laurent Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Core ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Precessing Vortex Core

Abstract Despite being good candidates for the reduction of pollutant emissions from gas turbines, burners operating in lean premixed prevaporized regimes often face stability issues and can be sensitive to perturbations. The swirling flow used to aerodynamically stabilize the flame can also lead to the appearance of a large-scale coherent flow structure known as the precessing vortex core (PVC). In this study, a swirl-stabilized combustor fed with liquid dodecane is studied at a globally lean operating condition with the help of high-speed diagnostics and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) as the main postprocessing method. It is shown that the trace of a PVC originating inside the injector is still present in the fuel spray at the entrance of the chamber even though the aerodynamical structure itself is not detectable anymore. The perturbation of the fuel spray is then transmitted to the flame through local equivalence ratio fluctuations. It is observed that the PVC trace on the spray and thus on the flame can be suppressed by air flow modulations generated by a siren device. The suppression of this trace is shown to come from a decay of the aerodynamical structure itself rather than by a change in fuel mixing or vaporization. Analysis of the characteristic frequency of the PVC shows a frequency spread indicating a loss of coherence of the structure with the high-amplitude air flow rate fluctuations.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Precessing Vortex Core Impact on the Liquid Fuel Spray in a Gas Turbine Model Combustor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Renaud ◽  
Sébastien Ducruix ◽  
Laurent Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Core ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Precessing Vortex Core

Abstract Despite being good candidates for the reduction of pollutant emissions from gas turbines, burners operating in Lean Premixed Prevaporized regimes often face stability issues and can be sensitive to perturbations. The swirling flow used to aero-dynamically stabilize the flame can also lead to the appearance of a large-scale coherent flow structure known as the Precessing Vortex Core (PVC). In the present study, a swirl-stabilized combustor fed with liquid dodecane is studied at a globally lean operating condition with the help of high-speed diagnostics and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) as the main post-processing method. It is shown that the trace of a PVC originating inside the injector is still present in the fuel spray at the entrance of the chamber even though the aerodynamical structure itself is not detectable anymore. The perturbation of the fuel spray is then transmitted to the flame through local equivalence ratio fluctuations. It is observed that the PVC trace on the spray and thus on the flame can be suppressed by air flow modulations generated by a siren device. The suppression of this trace is shown to come from a decay of the aerodynamical structure itself rather than by a change in fuel mixing or vaporization. Analysis of the characteristic frequency of the PVC shows a frequency spread indicating a loss of coherence of the structure with the high amplitude air flow rate fluctuations.

Study of Dynamical Instabilities in Siemens Liquid Spray Injectors Using Complementary Modal Decomposition Techniques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesile Ajisafe ◽  
Midhat Talibi ◽  
Andrea Ducci ◽  
Ramanarayanan Balachandran ◽  
Nishant Parsania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Decomposition Techniques ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Modal Decomposition

Abstract Liquid fuel spray characterisation is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying fuel energy release and pollutant formation. Careful selection of operating conditions can promote flow instabilities in the fuel spray which can enhance atomisation and fuel mixing, thereby resulting in more efficient combustion. However, the inherent instabilities present in the spray could have adverse effect on the combustor dynamics. Hence, it is important to better understand the dynamical behaviour of the spray, and particularly at representative operating conditions. This work describes an experimental investigation of dynamical behaviour of pressure-swirl atomisers used in Siemens industrial gas turbine combustors, at a range of chamber pressures and fuel injection pressures, using high speed laser planar imaging. Two modal decomposition techniques — Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) — are applied and compared to assess the spray dynamics. Results indicate that both POD and DMD are able to capture periodic structures occurring in the spray at different spatial length scales. The characteristic frequencies estimated from both the methods are in good agreement with each other. Both techniques are able to identify coherent structures with variable size, shape and level of staggering, which are observed to be dependent on the pressure difference across the atomiser and the chamber pressure. The spatio-temporally resolved data and the results could be used for spray model development and validation. Furthermore, the methods employed could be applied to other fuel atomisers, and more complicated conditions involving cross flow and higher chamber temperatures.

Direct numerical simulation of high-speed transition due to an isolated roughness element

2014 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 848-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod K. Subbareddy ◽  
Matthew D. Bartkowicz ◽  
Graham V. Candler
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Roughness Element ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Large Reynolds Number ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Low Dissipation

AbstractWe study the transition of a Mach 6 laminar boundary layer due to an isolated cylindrical roughness element using large-scale direct numerical simulations (DNS). Three flow conditions, corresponding to experiments conducted at the Purdue Mach 6 quiet wind tunnel are simulated. Solutions are obtained using a high-order, low-dissipation scheme for the convection terms in the Navier–Stokes equations. The lowest Reynolds number ($Re$) case is steady, whereas the two higher $Re$ cases break down to a quasi-turbulent state. Statistics from the highest $Re$ case show the presence of a wedge of fully developed turbulent flow towards the end of the domain. The simulations do not employ forcing of any kind, apart from the roughness element itself, and the results suggest a self-sustaining mechanism that causes the flow to transition at a sufficiently large Reynolds number. Statistics, including spectra, are compared with available experimental data. Visualizations of the flow explore the dominant and dynamically significant flow structures: the upstream shock system, the horseshoe vortices formed in the upstream separated boundary layer and the shear layer that separates from the top and sides of the cylindrical roughness element. Streamwise and spanwise planes of data were used to perform a dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) (Rowley et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 641, 2009, pp. 115–127; Schmid, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 656, 2010, pp. 5–28).

scholarly journals Studies of the Precessing Vortex Core in Swirling Flows

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Vigueras-Zuñiga ◽  
A. Valera-Medina ◽  
N. Syred
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Core ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Combustion Regime ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Acoustic Oscillations ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Precessing Vortex Core ◽  
Different Types

Large scale coherent structures play an important role in the behavior of the combustion regime inside any type ofcombustor stabilized by swirl, with special impact on factors such as flame stability, blow off, emissions and theoccurrence of thermo-acoustic oscillations. Lean premixed combustion is widely used and is known to impact many ofthese factors, causing complex interrelationships with any coherent structure formed. Despite the extensiveexperimentation in this matter, the above phenomena are poorly understood. Numerical simulations have been usedto try to explain the development of different regimes, but their extremely complex nature and lack of time dependentvalidation show varied and debatable results. The precessing vortex core (PVC) is a well-known coherent structurewhose development, intensity and occurrence has not been well documented. This paper thus adopts an experimentalapproach to characterize the PVC in a simple swirl burner under combustion conditions so as to reveal the effects ofswirl and other variables on the latter. Aided by a high speed photography (HSP) system, the recognition and extentof several different types of PVCs were observed and discussed.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Interactions Between Air Flow Rate Modulations and PVC in a Swirl-Stabilised Liquid Fuel Burner

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Renaud ◽  
Sébastien Ducruix ◽  
Philippe Scouflaire ◽  
Laurent Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Fuel Burner

In a swirl-stabilised liquid fuel burner, the fuel spray response to the Precessing Vortex Core (PVC) and air flow rate modulations is analysed in non-reacting conditions. A siren-like device is used to modulate the air flow rate at a frequency corresponding to longitudinal combustion instability oscillations observed during reacting tests. Time-resolved Mie scattering images of the fuel spray are recorded and treated with multiple post-processing methods based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition. The spray velocity fluctuations induced by the PVC and the siren-generated modulations are extracted from noisy datasets and studied. The evolution of the PVC impact on the spray for different levels of flow rate fluctuations is followed and a nonlinear interaction mode is highlighted for several intensities of flow rate modulations. It is shown that increasing the flow rate modulations tend to weaken the PVC impact on the spray, progressively disturbing its structure, starting from the downstream part and progressing upstream. These observations on the fuel spray can be used to understand and interpret data obtained in reacting conditions, for example when competition between PVC and longitudinal combustion instabilities occurs.

Dynamics of robust structures in turbulent swirling reacting flows

2017 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
pp. 554-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Roy ◽  
T. Yi ◽  
N. Jiang ◽  
G. H. Gunaratne ◽  
I. Chterev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Flow Structures ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Tangential Flow ◽  
The Mean

High-speed synchronized stereo particle-imaging velocimetry and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PIV/OH-PLIF) measurements are performed on multiple $R{-}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ planes downstream of a high-Reynolds-number swirling jet. Dynamic-mode decomposition (DMD) – a frequency-resolved data-reduction technique – is used to identify and characterize recurrent flow structures. Illustrative results are presented in a swirling flow field for two cases – the nominal flow dynamics and where self-excited combustion driven oscillations provide strong axisymmetric narrowband forcing of the flow. The robust constituent of the nominal reacting swirl flow corresponds to a helical shear-layer disturbance at a Strouhal number ($St$) of ${\sim}0.30$, $St=fD/U_{0}$, where $f$, $D$ and $U_{0}$ denote the precessing vortex core (PVC) frequency (${\sim}800~\text{Hz}$), the swirler exit diameter (19 mm) and the bulk velocity at the swirler exit ($50~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$) respectively. Planar projections of the PVC reveal a pair of oscillating skew-symmetric regions of velocity, vorticity and OH-PLIF intensity that rotate in the same direction as the mean tangential flow. During combustion instabilities, the large-amplitude acoustics-induced axisymmetric forcing of the flow results in a fundamentally different flow response dominated by a nearly axisymmetric disturbance and almost complete suppression of the large-scale helical shear-layer disturbances dominating the nominal flow. In addition, reverse axial flows around the centreline are significantly reduced. Time traces of the robust constituent show reverse axial flows around the centreline and negative axial vorticity along the inner swirling shear layer when the planar velocity is in the same direction as the mean tangential flow. For both stable and unstable combustion, recurrent flow structures decay rapidly downstream of the air swirler, as revealed by the decreasing amplitude of the velocity, axial vorticity and OH-PLIF intensity.

Experimental Measurement of In-Plane Rolling Nonpneumatic Tire Vibrations Using High-Speed Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-210
Author(s):  
Meghashyam Panyam ◽  
Beshah Ayalew ◽  
Timothy Rhyne ◽  
Steve Cron ◽  
John Adcox
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Correlation Algorithm ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Plane Deformations ◽  
Dominant Frequencies

ABSTRACT This article presents a novel experimental technique for measuring in-plane deformations and vibration modes of a rotating nonpneumatic tire subjected to obstacle impacts. The tire was mounted on a modified quarter-car test rig, which was built around one of the drums of a 500-horse power chassis dynamometer at Clemson University's International Center for Automotive Research. A series of experiments were conducted using a high-speed camera to capture the event of the rotating tire coming into contact with a cleat attached to the surface of the drum. The resulting video was processed using a two-dimensional digital image correlation algorithm to obtain in-plane radial and tangential deformation fields of the tire. The dynamic mode decomposition algorithm was implemented on the deformation fields to extract the dominant frequencies that were excited in the tire upon contact with the cleat. It was observed that the deformations and the modal frequencies estimated using this method were within a reasonable range of expected values. In general, the results indicate that the method used in this study can be a useful tool in measuring in-plane deformations of rolling tires without the need for additional sensors and wiring.

scholarly journals Analysis of V-Gutter Reacting Flow Dynamics Using Proper Orthogonal and Dynamic Mode Decompositions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Zhihao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Wake Instability ◽  
Shedding Frequency ◽  
Proper Orthogonal

The current work is focused on investigating the potential of data-driven post-processing techniques, including proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) for flame dynamics. Large-eddy simulation (LES) of a V-gutter premixed flame was performed with two Reynolds numbers. The flame transfer function (FTF) was calculated. The POD and DMD were used for the analysis of the flame structures, wake shedding frequency, etc. The results acquired by different methods were also compared. The FTF results indicate that the flames have proportional, inertial, and delay components. The POD method could capture the shedding wake motion and shear layer motion. The excited DMD modes corresponded to the shear layer flames’ swing and convect motions in certain directions. Both POD and DMD could help to identify the wake shedding frequency. However, this large-scale flame oscillation is not presented in the FTF results. The negative growth rates of the decomposed mode confirm that the shear layer stabilized flame was more stable than the flame possessing a wake instability. The corresponding combustor design could be guided by the above results.

scholarly journals Wall Temperature Measurements in Gas Turbine Combustors With Thermographic Phosphors

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Nau ◽  
Zhiyao Yin ◽  
Oliver Lammel ◽  
Wolfgang Meier
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Precessing Vortex Core

Phosphor thermometry has been developed for wall temperature measurements in gas turbines and gas turbine model combustors. An array of phosphors has been examined in detail for spatially and temporally resolved surface temperature measurements. Two examples are provided, one at high pressure (8 bar) and high temperature and one at atmospheric pressure with high time resolution. To study the feasibility of this technique for full-scale gas turbine applications, a high momentum confined jet combustor at 8 bar was used. Successful measurements up to 1700 K on a ceramic surface are shown with good accuracy. In the same combustor, temperatures on the combustor quartz walls were measured, which can be used as boundary conditions for numerical simulations. An atmospheric swirl-stabilized flame was used to study transient temperature changes on the bluff body. For this purpose, a high-speed setup (1 kHz) was used to measure the wall temperatures at an operating condition where the flame switches between being attached (M-flame) and being lifted (V-flame) (bistable). The influence of a precessing vortex core (PVC) present during M-flame periods is identified on the bluff body tip, but not at positions further inside the nozzle.

Unravelling the large-scale circulation modes in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Horn ◽  
Peter J. Schmid ◽  
Jonathan M. Aurnou
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Mode Decomposition ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Large Scale Circulation ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Coherent Flow Structure

Abstract The large-scale circulation (LSC) is the most fundamental turbulent coherent flow structure in Rayleigh-B\'enard convection. Further, LSCs provide the foundation upon which superstructures, the largest observable features in convective systems, are formed. In confined cylindrical geometries with diameter-to-height aspect ratios of Γ ≅ 1, LSC dynamics are known to be governed by a quasi-two-dimensional, coupled horizontal sloshing and torsional (ST) oscillatory mode. In contrast, in Γ ≥ √2 cylinders, a three-dimensional jump rope vortex (JRV) motion dominates the LSC dynamics. Here, we use dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) on direct numerical simulation data of liquid metal to show that both types of modes co-exist in Γ = 1 and Γ = 2 cylinders but with opposite dynamical importance. Furthermore, with this analysis, we demonstrate that ST oscillations originate from a tilted elliptical mean flow superposed with a symmetric higher order mode, which is connected to the four rolls in the plane perpendicular to the LSC in Γ = 1 tanks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document