Categorization of Seismic Loadings for Components and Piping Systems

To investigate the behavior of components and piping systems subjected to seismic loadings, the maximum restoring forces and maximum deformations of inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems due to harmonic excitations and seismic floor motions are calculated and presented as diagrams. These systems have restoring forces characterized by a bilinear skeleton curve of a kinematic hardening rule. The diagrams show two types of characteristics, based upon which sinusoidal loadings can be categorized into force- and displacement-controlled loadings, and seismic loadings can be categorized into force- and displacement-dominant loadings, which are newly proposed herein. The characteristics of force- and displacement-dominant loadings are almost equal to those of force- and displacement-controlled loadings, respectively.