scholarly journals Regulation of Cell Behavior by Hydrostatic Pressure

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobao Liu ◽  
Ru Tao ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Jin Tian ◽  
Guy M. Genin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Cell Behaviors ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Tissue Systems ◽  
The Brain

Hydrostatic pressure (HP) regulates diverse cell behaviors including differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. Abnormal HP is associated with pathologies including glaucoma and hypertensive fibrotic remodeling. In this review, recent advances in quantifying and predicting how cells respond to HP across several tissue systems are presented, including tissues of the brain, eye, vasculature and bladder, as well as articular cartilage. Finally, some promising directions on the study of cell behaviors regulated by HP are proposed.

Adenovirus in the brain: recent advances of gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barkats ◽  
A. Bilang-Bleuel ◽  
M.H. Buc-Caron ◽  
M.N. Castel-Barthe ◽  
O. Corti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Avicenna’s Ideas and Arguments about Mind and Brain Interaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jamali ◽  
Mehdi Golshani ◽  
Yousef Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Matter Interaction ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Physics Literature ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Brain

Mind and brain/matter interaction is one of the important and controversial issues in Islamic philosophy. In fact, in the resources of Islamic philosophy, one of the basic parts of philosophical discussions is related to mind’s nature and its interaction with the brain. Especially, in Avicenna’s philosophy, there are many articles and books which have addressed the topic of mind and brain and the relation between them. Avicenna was a profound philosopher, an expert physicist and a proficient physician of his time. Because of his experimental proficiency in medicine and surgery and his deep philosophical analysis, his discussion about mind and brain is very interesting for our time, due to recent advances in neuroscience. In this article, we have explained one of Avicenna’s arguments (in his famous opus “al-Isharat”) about the incorporeity of mind (self), which is very close to modern neuroscience and physics literature. In addition, we explain his model of mind and brain interaction. Avicenna described the mechanism of the causal effect of mind on the brain via a third identity, which works as an interface between them (in his main book “al-Shifa”). We try to illustrate his model by the use of some examples, inspired from modern physics. Also, we explore the philosophical constraints which must be considered in any model of mind-matter interaction, within the Islamic philosophy framework. In fact, we propose a new understanding of Avicenna’s philosophy which is in agreement with modern physics and neuroscience.

scholarly journals Optogenetics and photopharmacology in pain research and therapeutics

STEMedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. e43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Iseppon ◽  
Manuel Arcangeletti
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Brain

Pain afflicts billions of people worldwide, who suffer especially from long-term chronic pain. This gruelling condition affects the nervous system at all levels: from the brain to the spinal cord, the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) and the peripheral fibres innervating the skin. The nature of the different molecular and cellular components of the somatosensory modalities, as well as the complexity of the peripheral and central circuitry are yet poorly understood. Light-based techniques such as optogenetics, in concert with the recent advances in single-cell genetic profiling, can help to elucidate the role of diverse neuronal sub-populations in the encoding of different sensory and painful stimuli by switching these neurons on and off via optically active proteins, namely opsins.  Recently, photopharmacology has emerged from the efforts made to advance optogenetics. The introduction of azo-benzene-based light-sensitive molecular switches has been applied to a wide variety of molecular targets, from ion channels and receptors to transporters, enzymes and many more, some of which are paramount for pain research and therapy. In this Review, we summarise the recent advances in the fields of optogenetics and photopharmacology and we discuss the use of light-based techniques for the study of acute and chronic pain physiology, as well as their potential for future therapeutic use to improve pain treatment.

Recent advances in articular cartilage evaluation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Nelson ◽  
C. E. Kawcak ◽  
M. F. Barrett ◽  
C. W. McIlwraith ◽  
M. W. Grinstaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Evidence for intranasal oxytocin delivery to the brain: recent advances and future perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 515-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S Quintana ◽  
Knut T Smerud ◽  
Ole A Andreassen ◽  
Per G Djupesland
Keyword(s):  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Entropic Approach to the Detection of Crucial Events

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garland Culbreth ◽  
Bruce West ◽  
Paolo Grigolini
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Fractional Brownian Motion ◽  
Anomalous Diffusion ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Brain

In this paper, we establish a clear distinction between two processes yielding anomalous diffusion and 1 / f noise. The first process is called Stationary Fractional Brownian Motion (SFBM) and is characterized by the use of stationary correlation functions. The second process rests on the action of crucial events generating ergodicity breakdown and aging effects. We refer to the latter as Aging Fractional Brownian Motion (AFBM). To settle the confusion between these different forms of Fractional Brownian Motion (FBM) we use an entropic approach properly updated to incorporate the recent advances of biology and psychology sciences on cognition. We show that although the joint action of crucial and non-crucial events may have the effect of making the crucial events virtually invisible, the entropic approach allows us to detect their action. The results of this paper lead us to the conclusion that the communication between the heart and the brain is accomplished by AFBM processes.

Preconditioning the Brain and Heart: Implications for Cardiac Surgery

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
William E. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Ischemic Injury ◽  
Transient Ischemia ◽  
Myocardial Preservation ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Brain Preconditioning ◽  
The Brain

Despite many recent advances in emboli detection, aortic imaging, myocardial preservation, and perfusion equipment, ischemic injury to the heart and brain remains a serious complications after cardiac surgery. Hypoperfusion (particularly in the heart) and microem boli (particularly in the brain) during cardiopulmonary bypass constitute the etiology of ischemia. Although hypothermia has traditionally been the mainstay for systemic protection from transient ischemia, there has been a general trend to accept warmer heart and core temperatures during bypass, which increases the poten tial for ischemic injury to various organs. This article discusses recent advances in the understanding of myocardial and brain preconditioning and their poten tial role to provide additional protection during cardiac surgery.

EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE DEFORMABILITY ON CELL BEHAVIORS: ELASTIC MODULUS VERSUS THICKNESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750088 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZAHRA GOLI-MALEKABADI ◽  
MOHAMMAD TAFAZZOLI-SHADPOUR ◽  
EHSAN SEYEDJAFARI
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Substrate Thickness ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Cell Behaviors ◽  
Varying Thickness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

The deformability of the substrate stimulating cell mechanotransduction depends not only on elastic modulus but also on the thickness. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) which is widely used in microfluidic chips and platforms can be fabricated in a wide range of elastic modulus and thickness. In this study, we cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on four groups of PDMS substrates of varying thickness and elastic modulus to examine effects of these parameters on morphology, viability and proliferation of cells. Both elastic modulus and thickness affected cell behavior. In general, the thickness of substrates had relatively higher impact on endothelial morphology than elastic modulus. Elongation of HUVECs on thick substrates was more intense compared to those on thin substrates. Both lowering thickness and reducing elastic modulus of PDMS decreased the viability of HUVECs, although thickness was more influential. Decrease in substrate thickness reduced cell proliferation regardless of substrate elastic modulus. In conclusion, our results suggest that endothelial behavior depends on substrate deformability, but cells react differently to the elastic modulus and thickness of PDMS by morphology, viability and growth. Results can improve the comprehension of cell mechanotransduction.

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