Spectral Radiation Analysis of Premixed Oxy-Methane Flames

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. M. Arifur Chowdhury ◽  
Naznin Jahan Afrose ◽  
Norman Love
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Methane Combustion ◽  
Spectral Intensity ◽  
Spectral Radiation ◽  
Methane Flames

For a hydrocarbon burning with oxygen, the resulting exhaust stream is composed mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapor. This exhaust allows for easier carbon capture and sequestration since the water can be condensed out. Another advantage is the significant reduction of NOx since much of the nitrogen found in air-fired systems is eliminated. Although beneficial, many of the exhaust gas products' radiative heat transfer characteristics are unknown. Motivated by this, this paper focuses on the spectral radiation measurement of premixed oxy-methane combustion flames. This is important for combustion system designers since radiative heat from the flame is significant for oxy-flames. This study is conducted by varying equivalence ratio, firing input, and CO2 recirculation ratio. The spectral radiation of premixed oxy-methane flames is collected from 1.2 μm to 5 μm wavelengths. During the experimental study, it is found that the water vapor emits at 1.4 μm, 1.85 μm, and 2.5 μm wavelengths. A short band of carbon dioxide emission is detected at 1.96 μm. Three other carbon dioxide radiation maxima are observed at the proximity of 2.71 μm, 2.85 μm, and 4.38 μm. The study revealed that the spectral intensity of CO2 and H2O for oxy-methane combustion increases almost five times compared to the air-methane combustion at stochiometric condition. It is also found that the spectral intensity decreases as the equivalence ratio increases. The spectral radiative emission intensity increases as the firing input increases. Another observation includes the fact that spectral intensity increases up to five times when 60% CO2 is recirculated as a diluent in the flame.

scholarly journals Critical Analysis and Evaluation of the Technology Pathways for Carbon Capture and Utilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-512
Author(s):  
Simon P. Philbin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Carbon Capture And Utilization ◽  
The Impact

Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is the process of capturing unwanted carbon dioxide (CO2) and utilizing for further use. CCU offers significant potential as part of a sustainable circular economy solution to help mitigate the impact of climate change resulting from the burning of hydrocarbons and alongside adoption of other renewable energy technologies. However, implementation of CCU technologies faces a number of challenges, including identifying optimal pathways, technology maturity, economic viability, environmental considerations as well as regulatory and public perception issues. Consequently, this research study provides a critical analysis and evaluation of the technology pathways for CCU in order to explore the potential from a circular economy perspective of this emerging area of clean technology. This includes a bibliographic study on CCU, evaluation of carbon utilization processes, trend estimation of CO2 usage as well as evaluation of methane and methanol production. A value chain analysis is provided to support the development of CCU technologies. The research study aims to inform policy-makers engaged in developing strategies to mitigate climate change through reduced carbon dioxide emission levels and improve our understanding of the circular economy considerations of CCU in regard to production of alternative products. The study will also be of use to researchers concerned with pursuing empirical investigations of this important area of sustainability.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Operation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Various Biofuels and Its Contribution to Technology Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Remigiusz Mruk ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Andrzej Wasiak ◽  
Katarzyna Botwińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Technology Management ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine

Economic progress, development of transport, production of new cars, production of more and more energy, and the combustion of fossil fuels are causing huge changes that are currently occurring in the environment. Ecological problems of the contemporary economy combined with perspectives of resources exhaustion, as well as the need to follow sustainable rules of living, require the search for new fuels. Fuels which can assure their availability and good environmental performance are needed for maintaining sustainable transportation. Knowledge about the behavior of various fuels is necessary for realistic methods of technology management in transportation means and the fuel industry. This paper describes biofuels that can be an addition to petrol or can exist as standalone fuels. A simulation was carried out on an urban vehicle and the tested fuels were petrol 95, ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl ether. For the selected engine a simulation corresponding to that of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test was created using the Scilab package. Based on this simulation, values of carbon dioxide and water vapor emission were determined. The fuel demand for each fuel mixture and the amount of air for the fuels used were also calculated (and verified on the basis of laboratory tests). It was demonstrated that addition of biofuel decreases emission of carbon dioxide, simultaneously increasing emission of water vapor. Biofuel additive also caused an increase in fuel consumption. Unfortunately, in the New European Driving Cycle test being investigated, carbon dioxide emissions in all cases exceeded the permissible level of 130 g CO2/km, which is bad news in the context of the further tightening of norms and standards. The simulation tests confirmed that when using the start/stop system and applying specific additives, the carbon dioxide emission decreases and the consumption of mixtures with the activated start/stop system is smaller. The analyzed problems and results of this analysis become more important in light of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) standard, which became binding from September 2018 and applies to the sale of cars that had been approved prior (in accordance with the New European Driving Cycle standard). Although the NEDC standard appears obsolete the computer model simulating this type of test will be necessary in many cases. It is, however, needed and possible to develop a similar simulation procedure for WLTP tests.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Sustainable Carbon Negative Eco-Industrial Parks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Abraham ◽  
Farah Ramadan ◽  
Dhabia M. Al-Mohannadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
And Storage

Growing climate change concerns in recent years have led to an increased need for carbon dioxide emission reduction. This can be achieved by implementing the concept of circular economy, which promotes the practice of resource conservation, emission minimization, and the maintenance of sustainable revenue streams. A considerable amount of carbon dioxide emissions is a consequence of stationary sources from industrial processes. These emissions can be reduced using carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) or reduced at source by using emission free renewable resources. The method developed within this work uses mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to design sustainable clusters that convert seawater (including waste brine), air, and waste carbon dioxide emissions to value-added products with sunlight as the main energy source. In this way, circular economy is employed to minimize fresh resource consumption and maximize material reuse. The potential of this work is demonstrated through a case study, which shows that an industrial park may be profitable while adhering to strict emission and material constraints.

Appropriate Mean Absorption Coefficients for Infrared Radiation of Gases

1967 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Abu-Romia ◽  
C. L. Tien
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Radiative Heat Flux ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Planar Medium

In this paper, a study is made on the calculation of appropriate mean absorption coefficients for the infrared radiation of gases. The Planck and Rosseland mean absorption coefficients for the optically thin and optically thick gases are expressed as functions of the spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties of the gas. Values of the Planck and Rosseland mean absorption coefficients are presented for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor in the temperature range from 1000 to 5000 deg Rankine. To illustrate the application of these results, the radiative heat flux is calculated for the simple case of a planar medium.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Testing of Polymeric Membranes for Energy-Efficient Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Flue Gas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Elhoshee ◽  
Fatima Taqi ◽  
Amna Alabdullah ◽  
Mohamed Hassan ◽  
Azza Abouhashem
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Cryogenic Distillation

One of the major problems the world is facing nowadays is Global Warming. The main ten Green House Gases (GHGs) include water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The most abundant and dominant greenhouse gas is water vapor but concentration of water vapor depends on temperature and other meteorological conditions, and not directly upon human activities. CO2 is the second-most important one and that is why reduction of CO2 emissions is a vital area of research. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a major strategy that can be used to reduce GHGs emission. CCS divides into three methods: pre-combustion capture, oxy-fuel process, and post-combustion capture. Among them, post-combustion capture is the most important one because it offers flexibility and it can be easily added to the operational units. For CO2 capture, various technologies are used which include: absorption, adsorption, cryogenic distillation, and membrane separation. Our research focuses on one of the technologies for post-combustion capture, which is membrane separation. In this research, we fabricated four samples of polymeric membranes with different proportions of the components and then tested them for thermal stability, tensile strength, selectivity and permeability. The membrane can be modified by trying different mixtures of the forming polymers with different percentages. The separated carbon dioxide gas can be used in different applications like fire extinguishers, carbonated beverages or cooling systems. For the future recommendations finding more applications for the use of the separated carbon dioxide gas will benefit the environment and will make this project more successful. The same techniques could be used to fabricate membranes for purifying the methane gas. Further studies must be done to ensure the effectiveness of these membranes when used in the industry.

scholarly journals Review on carbon capture and storage for construction engineering.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yedulakshmi Nair ◽  
Elba Helen George
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
And Storage

Global warming and climatic changes due to pollution have triggered the global efforts to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide capture and storage method is considered as a strategy or plan of action for meeting carbon dioxide emission reduction targets. This paper aims at providing an intensive review of various carbon capture and storage techniques, transportation of carbon dioxide & the utilization of this captured carbon dioxide in the construction industry. It also provides a huge perception of the manufacturing process of various construction materials using carbon dioxide. This review may present a clear understanding of the carbon upcycling technologies & everything we do is geared towards a goal of creating a circular economy & awaken new ideas to promote its practical application in construction materials. Keywords-Carbon abatement technology, Carbon capture, Carbon storage, Carbon transportation, Safety and tracking.

scholarly journals Coupled Climate–Economy–Biosphere (CoCEB) model – Part 2: Deforestation control and investment in carbon capture and storage technologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 865-906
Author(s):  
K. B. Z. Ogutu ◽  
F. D'Andrea ◽  
M. Ghil ◽  
C. Nyandwi ◽  
M. M. Manene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ccs Technologies ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. This study uses the global climate–economy–biosphere (CoCEB) model developed in Part 1 to investigate economic aspects of deforestation control and carbon sequestration in forests, as well as the efficiency of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies as policy measures for climate change mitigation. We assume – as in Part 1 – that replacement of one technology with another occurs in terms of a logistic law, so that the same law also governs the dynamics of reduction in carbon dioxide emission using CCS technologies. In order to take into account the effect of deforestation control, a slightly more complex description of the carbon cycle than in Part 1 is needed. Consequently, we add a biomass equation into the CoCEB model and analyze the ensuing feedbacks and their effects on per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Integrating biomass into the CoCEB and applying deforestation control as well as CCS technologies has the following results: (i) low investment in CCS contributes to reducing industrial carbon emissions and to increasing GDP, but further investment leads to a smaller reduction in emissions, as well as in the incremental GDP growth; and (ii) enhanced deforestation control contributes to a reduction in both deforestation emissions and in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, thus reducing the impacts of climate change and contributing to a slight appreciation of GDP growth. This effect is however very small compared to that of low-carbon technologies or CCS. We also find that the result in (i) is very sensitive to the formulation of CCS costs, while to the contrary, the results for deforestation control are less sensitive.

scholarly journals Review of Resource Utilization Technology of Steel Slag and Carbon Capture Utilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Zheng Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Gas Removal ◽  
Concrete Production

Steel slag is a kind of alkaline solid waste produced in the process of steel production. In China, the annual steel slag production is very large but the utilization rate is only 20%. Therefore, technologies disposing steel slag effectively need to be developed. In traditional resource utilization technology, steel slag is used in sintering flux, road construction, cement and concrete production, preparation of glass ceramics and agriculture. In these fields, we mainly give full play to steel slag’s mechanical properties. Although these traditional technologies are simple and easy to use, the main reason for their limited application is the low value of resource-based products and the lack of market competitiveness. Therefore, some new exploration has been made on the resource utilization of steel slag, including dephosphorization of sewage, heavy metal adsorption, hazardous gas removal, fixed CO2 by mineral carbonation. Compared with the traditional resource utilization technologies, these new technologies mainly utilize the physical and chemical properties of steel slag, such as alkalinity and pore characteristics. However, these new technologies also have some limitations, so it is necessary to develop a resource-based technology with strong pertinency, large consumption and high added value of products to treat steel slag. Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas leading to global climate change. At present, China’s carbon dioxide emissions are high, so it is urgent to develop effective carbon dioxide emission reduction technology. In recent years, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology has received extensive attention. This paper summarizes the carbon capture utilization and sequestration technology, and discusses its problems at present.

Synthesis of Carbon Integration Networks Coupled with Hydrate Suppression and Dehydration Options

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Klaimi ◽  
Sabla Y Alnouri ◽  
Dhabia Al-Mohannadi ◽  
Joseph Zeaiter ◽  
Patrick Linke
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Nonlinear Program ◽  
Industrial Cities

Abstract The excessive increase in carbon dioxide emissions through the past several decades has raised global climate change concerns. As such, environmental policy makers have been looking into the implementation of efficient strategies that would ultimately reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels, and meet strict emissions targets. As part of a national emission reduction strategy, the reduction of carbon-dioxide emissions from industrial activities has been proven to be very significant. This instigated the need for a systematic carbon integration approach that can yield cost-effective carbon integration networks, while meeting prescribed carbon dioxide emission reduction targets in industrial cities. A novel carbon integration methodology has been previously proposed as a carbon network source-sink mapping approach using a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP), and was found to be very effective to devise emission control strategies in industrial cities. This paper aims to further improve the design process of carbon integration networks, by coupling carbon integration networks with hydrate suppression/moisture removal options. This was found vital for the prevention of any potential hazards that are associated with the transportation of carbon dioxide in pipelines, such as hydrate formation and various corrosion effects, which may result from moisture retention. An extensive analysis of carbon capture, dehydration, inhibition, compression, and transmission options have all been incorporated into the network design process, in the course of determining cost-optimal solutions for carbon dioxide networks. The proposed approach has been illustrated using an industrial city case study.

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