An Improved Mass Consistent Model for Three-Dimensional Wind Field Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuling Wang ◽  
Yanlei Liu ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Darrell Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Irregular Terrain ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Terrain Following ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Digital Elevation Data ◽  
Improved Model

An improved diagnostic mass-consistent finite element model (FEM) has been developed to construct 3D wind fields over irregular terrain. Instead of using constant Gauss precision moduli over the whole domain in the existing mass-consistent models, the improved mass-consistent model adopts different Gauss precision moduli based on the terrain topography gradient associated with atmospheric boundary conditions. These terrain sensitive moduli resolve wind flows over large topographical obstacles more accurately than constant Gauss precision moduli. In this study, a terrain following mesh generator is developed based on digital elevation data from the U.S. Geological Survey, and the data linked to the modified mass-consistent FEM model. The improved model is validated and verified using a benchmark study for flow over a semicylinder. The model is then used to re-examine 3D wind fields previously simulated for the Nellis Dunes area near Las Vegas, NV. Results show that the improved mass consistent modeling system shows better agreement with the recorded meteorological tower data than the previous results obtained using constant moduli.

scholarly journals TERRAMOD : A Program for Generation of Three Dimensional Terrain Model Using Digital Elevation Data

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji MASUMOTO ◽  
Venkatesh RAGHAVAN ◽  
Masanori SAKAMOTO ◽  
Kiyoji SHIONO
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Digital Elevation Data

scholarly journals Forecasting Landslides via Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modeling: Helong Landslide Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Peng ◽  
Shengyuan Song ◽  
Chongjia Yu ◽  
Yiding Bao ◽  
Jiaxuan Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Discrete Element Modeling ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Digital Elevation Data

Forecasting the occurrence potential of landslides is important but challenging. We aimed to forecast the failure potential of the Helong landslide, which is temporarily stable but has clearly deformed in recent years. To achieve the goal, we used reconnaissance, remote sensing, drilling, laboratory tests, topographical analysis, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The factor of safety (FOS) of the slope was first calculated using a limit equilibrium method. The results show the FOS of the slope was 1.856 under natural conditions, 1.506 under the earthquake conditions, 1.318 under light rainfall, 0.986 under heavy rainfall, 1.075 under light rainfall and earthquake, and 0.832 under simultaneous heavy rainfall and earthquake. When the FOS is less than 1.35, the slope is considered metastable according to the Technical Code for Building Slope Engineering (GB50330-2013) published by the Chinese Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Based on the drilling data and digital elevation data, a three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) model was used to simulate potential landslides. The simulation was used to examine catastrophic slope failure under heavy rainfall conditions within a range of friction coefficients and the corresponding affected areas were determined. Then, we analyzed a typical run-out process. The dynamic information of the run-out behavior, including velocity, run-out distance, and depth, were obtained, which is useful for decision support and future landslide hazard assessment.

scholarly journals A BASIC Program for Generation of Three Dimensional Shaded Relief Model Using Digital Elevation Data

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Masanori SAKAMOTO ◽  
Shinji MASUMOTO ◽  
Venkatesh RAGHAVAN ◽  
Kiyoji SHIONO
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basic Program ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Digital Elevation Data ◽  
Shaded Relief

scholarly journals An algorithm for delineating and extracting hillslopes and hillslope width functions from gridded elevation data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 8865-8901
Author(s):  
P. Noel ◽  
A. N. Rousseau ◽  
C. Paniconi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Average Profile ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Digital Elevation Model Resolution

Abstract. Subdivision of catchment into appropriate hydrological units is essential to represent rainfall-runoff processes in hydrological modelling. The commonest units used for this purpose are hillslopes (e.g. Fan and Bras, 1998; Troch et al., 2003). Hillslope width functions can therefore be utilised as one-dimensional representation of three-dimensional landscapes by introducing profile curvatures and plan shapes. An algorithm was developed to delineate and extract hillslopes and hillslope width functions by introducing a new approach to calculate an average profile curvature and plan shape. This allows the algorithm to be independent of digital elevation model resolution and to associate hillslopes to nine elementary landscapes according to Dikau (1989). This algortihm was tested on two flat and steep catchments of the province of Quebec, Canada. Results showed great area coverage for hillslope width function over individual hillslopes and entire watershed.

scholarly journals Landslides across the USA: occurrence, susceptibility, and data limitations

Landslides ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2271-2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Mirus ◽  
Eric S. Jones ◽  
Rex L. Baum ◽  
Jonathan W. Godt ◽  
Stephen Slaughter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Digital Elevation Data ◽  
Landslide Mapping

Abstract Detailed information about landslide occurrence is the foundation for advancing process understanding, susceptibility mapping, and risk reduction. Despite the recent revolution in digital elevation data and remote sensing technologies, landslide mapping remains resource intensive. Consequently, a modern, comprehensive map of landslide occurrence across the United States (USA) has not been compiled. As a first step toward this goal, we present a national-scale compilation of existing, publicly available landslide inventories. This geodatabase can be downloaded in its entirety or viewed through an online, searchable map, with parsimonious attributes and direct links to the contributing sources with additional details. The mapped spatial pattern and concentration of landslides are consistent with prior characterization of susceptibility within the conterminous USA, with some notable exceptions on the West Coast. Although the database is evolving and known to be incomplete in many regions, it confirms that landslides do occur across the country, thus highlighting the importance of our national-scale assessment. The map illustrates regions where high-quality mapping has occurred and, in contrast, where additional resources could improve confidence in landslide characterization. For example, borders between states and other jurisdictions are quite apparent, indicating the variation in approaches to data collection by different agencies and disparity between the resources dedicated to landslide characterization. Further investigations are needed to better assess susceptibility and to determine whether regions with high relief and steep topography, but without mapped landslides, require further landslide inventory mapping. Overall, this map provides a new resource for accessing information about known landslides across the USA.

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