Dynamic Performance of an Oil Starved Squeeze Film Damper Combined With a Cylindrical Roller Bearing

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Meeus ◽  
J. Fiszer ◽  
G. Van De Velde ◽  
B. Verrelst ◽  
D. Lefeber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Highly Nonlinear

Squeeze film dampers (SFDs) are widely used to dissipate mechanical energy caused by rotor vibrations as well as to improve overall stability of the rotor system. Especially turbomachine rotors, supported on little damped rolling element bearings (REBs), are primarily sensitive to unbalance excitation and thus high amplitude vibrations. To ensure safe operation, potential failure modes, such as an oil starved damper state, need to be well examined prior to the introduction in the ultimate industrial application. Hence, the aim of this research project is to evaluate the performance of the rotor support for a complete oil starvation of the SFD. An academic rotor dynamic test bench has been developed and briefly presented. Experimental testing has been conducted for two static radial load cases resembling the full load and idle condition of a certain turbomachine. Evidently, the measurement results exposed severe vibration problems. Even a split first whirl mode arises due to a pronounced anisotropic bearing stiffness. Moreover, for the least radially loaded bearing, highly nonlinear behavior emerged at elevated unbalance excitation. Consequently, the rollers start to rattle which will have a negative effect on the overall bearing lifetime. To explain the nature of the nonlinear behavior, advanced quasi-static bearing simulations are exploited. A number of possible solutions are proposed in order to help mitigate the vibration issues.

scholarly journals Imbalance Response of a Test Rotor Supported on Squeeze Film Dampers

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. San Andre´s ◽  
D. Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Forced Response ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Critical Speeds ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Squeeze Film Dampers

Squeeze film dampers (SFDs) provide vibration attenuation and structural isolation to aircraft gas turbine engines which must be able to tolerate larger imbalances while operating above one or more critical speeds. Rotor-bearing-SFD systems are regarded in theory as highly nonlinear, showing jump phenomena and even chaotic behavior for sufficiently large levels of rotor imbalance. Yet, few experimental results of practical value have verified the analytical predictions. A test rig for measurement of the dynamic forced response of a three-disk rotor (45 kg) supported on two cylindrical SFDs is described. The major objective is to provide a reliable data base to validate and enhance SFD design practice and to allow a direct comparison with analytical models. The open-ends SFD are supported by four-bar centering structures, each with a stiffness of 3.5 MN/m. Measured synchronous responses to 9000 rpm due to various imbalances show the rotor-SFD system to be well damped with amplification factors between 1.6 and 2.1 while traversing cylindrical and conical modes critical speeds. The rotor amplitudes of motion are found to be proportional to the imbalances for the first mode of vibration, and the damping coefficients extracted compare reasonably well to predictions based on the full-film, open-ends SFD. Tight lip (elastomeric) seals contribute greatly to the overall damping of the test rig. Measured dynamic pressures at the squeeze film lands are well above ambient values with no indication of lubricant dynamic cavitation as simple theoretical models dictate. The measurements show absence of nonlinear behavior of the rotor-SFD apparatus for the range of imbalances tested.

Load Testing to Collapse Limit State of Barr Creek Bridge

2000 ◽  
Vol 1696 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Haritos ◽  
Anil Hira ◽  
Priyan Mendis ◽  
Rob Heywood ◽  
Armando Giufre
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Service Condition ◽  
Flat Slab ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Static Testing

VicRoads, the road authority for the state of Victoria, Australia, has been undertaking extensive research into the load capacity and performance of cast-in-place reinforced concrete flat slab bridges. One of the key objectives of this research is the development of analytical tools that can be used to better determine the performance of these bridges under loadings to the elastic limit and subsequently to failure. The 59-year-old Barr Creek Bridge, a flat slab bridge of four short continuous spans over column piers, was made available to VicRoads in aid of this research. The static testing program executed on this bridge was therefore aimed at providing a comprehensive set of measurements of its response to serviceability level loadings and beyond. This test program was preceded by the performance of a dynamic test (a simplified experimental modal analysis using vehicular excitation) to establish basic structural properties of the bridge (effective flexural rigidity, EI) and the influence of the abutment supports from identification of its dynamic modal characteristics. The dynamic test results enabled a reliably tuned finite element model of the bridge in its in-service condition to be produced for use in conjunction with the static testing program. The results of the static testing program compared well with finite element modeling predictions in both the elastic range (serviceability loadings) and the nonlinear range (load levels taken to incipient collapse). Observed collapse failure modes and corresponding collapse load levels were also found to be predicted well using yield line theory.

scholarly journals Analytical Investigation of Tension Loaded Deformed Rebar Anchors in Concrete

CivilEng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-458
Author(s):  
Sandip Chhetri ◽  
Rachel A. Chicchi
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Capacity Design ◽  
Simulation Results

Experimental testing of deformed rebar anchors (DRAs) has not been performed extensively, so there is limited test data to understand their failure behavior. This study aims to expand upon these limited tests and understand the behavior of these anchors, when loaded in tension. Analytical benchmark models were created using available test data and a parametric study of deformed rebar anchors was performed. Anchor diameter, spacing, embedment, and number of anchors were varied for a total of 49 concrete breakout simulations. The different failure modes of anchors were predicted analytically, which showed that concrete breakout failure is prominent in the DRA groups. The predicted concrete breakout values were consistent with mean and 5% fractile concrete capacities determined from the ACI concrete capacity design (CCD) method. The 5% fractile factor determined empirically from the simulation results was kc = 26. This value corresponds closely with kc = 24 specified in ACI 318-19 and ACI 349-13 for cast-in place anchors. The analysis results show that the ACI CCD formula can be conservatively used to design DRAs loaded in tension by applying a kc factor no greater than 26.

scholarly journals Dynamic Performance of a Squeeze Film Damper with a Cylindrical Roller Bearing under a Large Static Radial Loading Range

Machines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Meeus ◽  
Jakob Fiszer ◽  
Gabriël Van De Velde ◽  
Björn Verrelst ◽  
Wim Desmet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roller Bearing ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Squeeze Film Damper ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Rotor Support ◽  
Cylindrical Roller Bearing ◽  
Radial Loading ◽  
Cylindrical Roller

Turbomachine rotors, supported by little damped rolling element bearings, are generally sensitive to unbalance excitation. Accordingly, most machines incorporate squeeze film damper technology to dissipate mechanical energy caused by rotor vibrations and to ensure stable operation. When developing a novel geared turbomachine able to cover a large power range, a uniform mechanical drivetrain needs to perform well over the large operational loading range. Especially, the rotor support, containing a squeeze film damper and cylindrical roller bearing in series, is of vital importance in this respect. Thus, the direct objective of this research project was to map the performance of the envisioned rotor support by estimating the damping ratio based on the simulated and measured vibration response during run-up. An academic test rig was developed to provide an in-depth analysis on the key components in a more controlled setting. Both the numerical simulation and measurement results exposed severe vibration problems for an insufficiently radial loaded bearing due to a pronounced anisotropic bearing stiffness. As a result, a split first whirl mode arose with its backward component heavily triggered by the synchronous unbalance excitation. Hence, the proposed SFD does not function properly in the lower radial loading range. Increasing the static load on the bearing or providing a modified rotor support for the lower power variants will help mitigating the vibration issues.

Additively Manufactured Compliant Hybrid Gas Thrust Bearing for SCO2 Turbomachinery: Design and Proof of Concept Testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugra Ertas
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Bearing ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Unit Load ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
New Type ◽  
Turbomachinery Design

Abstract The following paper presents a new type of gas lubricated thrust bearing fabricated using additive manufacturing or direct metal laser melting (DMLM). The motivation for the new bearing concept is derived from the need for highly efficient supercritical carbon dioxide turbomachinery in the mega-watt power range. The paper provides a review of existing gas thrust bearing technologies, outlines the need for the new DMLM concept, and discusses proof of concept testing results. The new concept combines hydrostatic pressurization with individual flexibly mounted pads using hermetic squeeze film dampers in the bearing-pad support. Proof-of-concept testing in air for a 6.8" (173mm) outer diameter thrust bearing was performed; with loads up to 1,500 lbs (6.67kN) and a rotating speed of 10krpm (91 m/s tip speed). The experiments were performed with a bent shaft resulting in thrust runner axial vibration magnitudes of 2.9mils (74microns) p-p and dynamic thrust loads of 270 lbs (1.2kN) p-p. In addition, force deflection characteristics of the bearing system are presented for an inlet hydrostatic pressure of 380psi (2.62MPa). Results at 10krpm show that the pad support architecture was able to sustain high levels of dynamic misalignment equaling 6 times the nominal film clearance while demonstrating a unit load carrying capacity of 55psi (0.34Mpa). Gas-film force-deflection tests portrayed nonlinear behavior like a hardening spring, while the pad support stiffness was measured to be linear and independent of film thickness.

scholarly journals Effectiveness Testing of an Inverse Method for Balancing Nonlinear Rotordynamic Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio G. Torres Cedillo ◽  
Philip Bonello ◽  
Ghaith Ghanim Al-Ghazal ◽  
Jacinto Cortés Pérez ◽  
Alberto Reyes Solis
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Inverse Method ◽  
Linear Connection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Squeeze Film Damper ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Aero Engine

Modern aero-engine structures typically have at least two nested rotors mounted within a flexible casing via squeeze-film damper (SFD) bearings. The inaccessibility of the HP rotor under operational conditions motivates the use of a non-invasive inverse problem procedure for identifying the unbalance. Such an inverse problem requires prior knowledge of the structure and measurements of the vibrations at the casing. Recent work by the authors reported a non-invasive inverse method for the balancing of rotordynamic systems with nonlinear squeeze-film damper (SFD) bearings, which overcomes several limitations of earlier works. However, it was not applied to a common practical configuration wherein the HP rotor is mounted on the casing via just one weak linear connection (retainer spring), with the other connections being highly nonlinear SFDs. The analysis of the present paper considers such a system. It explores the influence of the condition number and how it is affected as the number of sensors and/or measurement speeds is increased. The results show that increasing the number of measurement speeds has a far more significant impact on the conditioning of the problem than increasing the number of sensors. The balancing effectiveness is reasonably good under practical noise level conditions, but significantly lower than obtained for the previously considered simpler configurations.

Dynamic Characterization of an Integral Squeeze Film Bearing Support Damper for a Supercritical CO2 Expander

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugra Ertas ◽  
Adolfo Delgado ◽  
Jeffrey Moore
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Fluid Inertia ◽  
Inertia Effects ◽  
Damping Behavior ◽  
Impedance Testing ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Onset Of Cavitation

The present work advances experimental results and analytical predictions on the dynamic performance of an integral squeeze film damper (ISFD) for application in a high-speed super-critical CO2 (sCO2) expander. The test campaign focused on conducting controlled orbital motion mechanical impedance testing aimed at extracting stiffness and damping coefficients for varying end seal clearances, excitation frequencies, and vibration amplitudes. In addition to the measurement of stiffness and damping; the testing revealed the onset of cavitation for the ISFD. Results show damping behavior that is constant with vibratory velocity for each end seal clearance case until the onset of cavitation/air ingestion, while the direct stiffness measurement was shown to be linear. Measurable added inertia coefficients were also identified. The predictive model uses an isothermal finite element method to solve for dynamic pressures for an incompressible fluid using a modified Reynolds equation accounting for fluid inertia effects. The predictions revealed good correlation for experimentally measured direct damping, but resulted in grossly overpredicted inertia coefficients when compared to experiments.

Efficient dynamic analysis of a whole aeroengine using identified nonlinear bearing models

2011 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
K H Groves ◽  
P Bonello ◽  
P M Hai
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Parametric Identification ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Non Linear

Essential to effective aeroengine design is the rapid simulation of the dynamic performance of a variety of engine and non-linear squeeze-film damper (SFD) bearing configurations. Using recently introduced non-linear solvers combined with non-parametric identification of high-accuracy bearing models it is possible to run full-engine rotordynamic simulations, in both the time and frequency domains, at a fraction of the previous computational cost. Using a novel reduced form of Chebyshev polynomial fits, efficient and accurate identification of the numerical solution to the two-dimensional Reynolds equation (RE) is achieved. The engine analysed is a twin-spool five-SFD engine model provided by a leading manufacturer. Whole-engine simulations obtained using Chebyshev-identified bearing models of the finite difference (FD) solution to the RE are compared with those obtained from the original FD bearing models. For both time and frequency domain analysis, the Chebyshev-identified bearing models are shown to mimic accurately and consistently the simulations obtained from the FD models in under 10 per cent of the computational time. An illustrative parameter study is performed to demonstrate the unparalleled capabilities of the combination of recently developed and novel techniques utilised in this paper.

An Experimental Study of Nonlinear Behavior of Graphite/Epoxy Laminate under a Three-Point Bending Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Mouad Bellahkim ◽  
Youssef Benbouras ◽  
Aziz Maziri ◽  
El Hassan Mallil ◽  
Jamal Echaabi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Layer Orientation ◽  
Bending Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions

In this work, an attempt has been made to study the experimental of behavior for carbon/epoxy woven laminates under a three-point bending test by varying the support span and the geometrical dimensions of the specimens. Two principles stacking sequences are studied ([45 / 0]2s & [90 / 0]6 ) to observe the effect of the layer orientation in the failure modes. This study has allowed us to confirm the relationship between the bending behavior of the specimens and the span-to-thickness ratio (l/h). Finally, a digital microscope was selected in order to characterize the succession of the failure and the failure modes, mainly the delamination damage.

Extreme Value Statistics of Large Container Ship Roll

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Oleg Gaidai ◽  
Gaute Storhaug ◽  
Arvid Naess
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Extreme Value Statistics ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Container Ship ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Extreme Response ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Large Container

The paper describes a method for prediction of large container ship extreme roll angles occurring during sailing in harsh weather. Rolling is coupled with other ship motions and exhibits highly nonlinear behavior. Risk of losing containers due to a large roll is primary concern for ship transport. Because of non-stationarity and complicated nonlinearities of both waves and ship motions, it is a considerable challenge to model such a phenomenon. In case of extreme motions, the role of nonlinearities dramatically increases, activating effects of second and higher order. Moreover, laboratory tests may also be questioned because of the scaling and the sea state choice. Therefore, data measured on actual ships during their voyages in harsh weather provide a unique insight into statistics of ship motions. The aim of this work is to benchmark state of art method, which makes it possible to extract the necessary information about the extreme response from onboard measured time histories. The method proposed in this paper opens up the possibility to predict simply and efficiently both short- and long-term extreme response statistics.

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