A Review on Different Design Modifications Employed in Inclined Solar Still for Enhancing the Productivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Kabeel ◽  
A. Muthu Manokar ◽  
Ravishankar Sathyamurthy ◽  
D. Prince Winston ◽  
S. A. El-Agouz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Distillate Yield

The current challenge of human society is to meet the large demand of freshwater, which is depleting at a faster rate due to a rapid rise in human population and fast urbanization. Solar still is the economical way to obtain fresh water since it solely requires the energy from the sun alone for its operation, which is abundantly and freely available in nature. The major constraint in conventional solar still (CSS) is to maintain a large surface area of water with a minimum water depth. The best solution for the above constraint is to prefer inclined solar still (ISS) in which the surface area of water is large with a minimum water depth. In order to improvise the performance and efficiency of ISS, numerous works have been incorporated by increasing the free surface area of water. The distillate yield collected from the passive ISS was found as 1000–8100 mL/m2 whereas active ISS produced the distillate yield of 1045–9000 mL/day. In this review, an attempt is made to analyze the present status of different designs in ISS to motivate further research in ISS technology for meeting the demand of fresh water.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis and CFD Modeling for Conventional Basin-Type Solar Still

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5734
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. El-Sebaey ◽  
Asko Ellman ◽  
Ahmed Hegazy ◽  
Tarek Ghonim
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Multi Phase

With the rising population, environmental pollution, and social development, potable water is reducing and being contaminated day by day continually. Thus, several researchers have focused their studies on seas and oceans in order to get potable fresh water by desalination of their saltwater. Solar still of basin type is one of the available technologies to purify water because of free solar energy. The computational fluid dynamic CFD model of the solar still can significantly improve means for optimization of the solar still structure because it reduces the need for conducting large amount of experiments. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is presenting a multi-phase, three-dimensional CFD model, which predicts the performance of the solar still without using any experimental measurements, depending on the CFD solar radiation model. Simulated results are compared with experimental values of water and glass cover temperatures and yield of fresh water in climate conditions of Sheben El-Kom, Egypt (latitude 30.5° N and longitude 31.01° E). The simulation results were found to be in acceptable agreement with the experimental measured data. The results indicated that the daily simulated and experimental accumulated productivities of the single-slope solar still were found to be 1.982 and 1.785 L/m2 at a water depth of 2 cm. In addition, the simulated and experimental daily efficiency were around 16.79% and 15.5%, respectively, for the tested water depth.

scholarly journals Effect of water depth, Inlet water temperature, and fins on the productivity of a pyramid solar still – An experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik Yousef Al-Abed Allah ◽  
Mohammad Omar Abu Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Effect Of Water

Abstract. Many approaches are using to improve the productivity of the pyramid solar still. Pyramid solar still provides a larger surface area than conventional types of solar still. In this research work, three sections have been evaluated. The first section has been studied by changing the water depth from 1 to 5 cm. In the second part of the experiment, increasing the inlet water temperature has been investigated, and finally, adding fins at the bottom of the still at certain inlet water depth has been achieved. The experimental results show that the still productivity could be influenced by the basin depth by up to 40.6 % when varying water depth from 1 to 5 cm, The freshwater production from the pyramid solar still was 1230.5, 1045, 998, 901, and 731 mL for the water depth from 1 to 5 cm, respectively. Moreover, it was found that productivity increased by 7.5 % when fins were used at the bottom of the pyramid solar still. In addition, the results showed that the still productivity could be influenced by varying inlet water temperature to 15.3 % and 21.2 % when varying the inlet water temperature from 30 °C to 40 °C and 50 °C, respectively.

Effect of Cover Inclination and Water Depth on Performance of a Solar Still for Indian Climatic Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kr. Tiwari ◽  
G. N. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Convective Heat ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Distillate Yield ◽  
Passive Solar Still ◽  
Indian Climatic

Effects of condensing cover inclination and water depth on the convective heat transfer coefficient and yield have been studied for a passive solar still. Three solar stills with an effective basin area of 1m2 each have been studied for three inclinations of condensing cover, namely, 15deg, 30deg, and 45deg. An identical solar still, but with a fixed cover inclination of 30deg, has also been tested to evaluate the effects of varying water depth. Outdoor experiments have been conducted for New Delhi climatic conditions (28°37′N∕77°13′E). Hourly variations of temperatures (water, vapor, and cover) and of distillate yield have been recorded and analyzed to determine convective heat and mass transfer coefficients. The resulting calculative extrapolation of experimental data from clear-day operation shows that the combination of minimum water depth and 15deg inclination of the condensing cover leads to maximum annual distillate yield for the climatic conditions of New Delhi. However, a cover inclination of 45deg is almost equally effective on an annual basis, but with better winter performance.

STUDY OF POND STATUS IN INDIA : A REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. YADAV ◽  
SONAM SHARMA ◽  
A.K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
P.K. KHARE
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Over Exploitation

Ponds are an important fresh water critical ecosystem for plants and animals providing goods and services including food, fodder, fish, irrigation, hydrological cycle, shelter, medicine, culture, aesthetic and recreation. Ponds cover less than 2 percent of worlds land surface. Ponds are important source of fresh water for human use. These are threatened by urbanization, industrialization, over exploitation, fragmentation, habitat destruction, pollution, illegal capturing of land and climate changes. These above factors have been destroying ponds very rapidly putting them in danger of extinction of a great number of local biodiversity. It is necessary to formulate a correct conservation strategy for pond restoration in order to meet the growing needs of fresh water by increasing the human population. Some measures have been compiled and proposed in the present review.

Performance enhancement using TiO2 nano particles in solar still at variable water depth

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ruchir Parikh ◽  
Umang Patdiwala ◽  
Shaival Parikh ◽  
Hitesh Panchal ◽  
Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Variable Water

Solar Water Distillation Using Two Different Phase Change Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2409-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Naga Sarada ◽  
Banoth Hima Bindu ◽  
Sri Rama R. Devi ◽  
Ravi Gugulothu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
The World

In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage, water crisis increases around the world. With the continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the use of various sources of renewable energy is increasingly becoming important for sustainable development. Due to the rising oil price and environmental regulations, the demand of utilizing alternative power sources increased dramatically. Alternative energy and its applications have been heavily studied for the last decade. Energy and water are essential for mankind that influences the socioeconomic development of any nation. Pure water resources become more and more scarce every day as rivers, lakes wells and even seawater pollution rapidly increases. Solar energy is one promising solution to secure power and potable water to future generation. The process of distillation can be used to obtain fresh water from salty, brackish or contaminated water. Water is available in different forms such as sea water, underground water, surface water and atmospheric water. Clean water is essential for good health. The search for sustainable energy resources has emerged as one of the most significant and universal concerns in the 21st century. Solar energy conversion offers a cost effective alternative to our traditional usages. Solar energy is a promising candidate in many applications. Among the alternative energy sources used for electricity production, wind and solar energy systems have become more attractive in recent years. For areas where electricity was not available, stand alone wind and solar systems have been increasingly used. The shortage of drinking water in many countries throughout the world is a serious problem. Humankind has depended for ages on river, sea water and underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. To resolve this crisis, different methods of solar desalination have been used in many countries. Distillation is a well known thermal process for water purification, most importantly, water desalination. Most of the conventional water distillation processes are highly energy consuming and require fossil fuels as well as electric power for their operation. Single basin solar still is a popular solar device used for converting available brackish or waste water into potable water. Because of its lower productivity, it is not popularly used. Numbers of works are under taken to improve the productivity and efficiency of the solar still. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering and spacecraft thermal control applications. The use of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings has been investigated within the past decade. The experimental results computed in the field of water distillation process using solar energy in the presence of energy storage materials sodium sulphate and sodium acetate are discussed in this paper. Keywords: solar energy, saline water, distillation, phase change material.

Influence of Various Basin Types on Performance of Passive Solar Still: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-802
Author(s):  
Tri Hieu Le ◽  
Minh Tuan Pham ◽  
H Hadiyanto ◽  
Van Viet Pham ◽  
Anh Tuan Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Practical Utilization ◽  
Passive Solar Still ◽  
Passive Solar ◽  
The Impact

Passive solar still is the simplest design for distilling seawater by harnessing solar energy. Although it is undeniable that solar still is a promising device to provide an additional freshwater source for global increasing water demand, low thermal efficiency along with daily distillate yield are its major disadvantages. A conventional solar still can produced 2 to 5 L/m2day. Various studies have been carried out to improve passive solar stills in terms of daily productivity, thermal efficiency, and economic effectiveness. Most of the researches that relate to the daily output improvement of passive solar still concentrates on enhancing evaporation or/and condensation processes. While the condensation process is influenced by wind velocity and characteristics of the condensed surface, the evaporation process is mainly affected by the temperature of basin water. Different parameters affect the brackish water temperature such as solar radiation, design parameters (for example water depth, insulators, basin liner absorptivity, reflectors, sun tracking system, etc). The inclined angle of the top cover is suggested to equal the latitude of the experimental place. Moreover, the decrease of water depth was obtained as a good operational parameter, however, the shallow water depth is required additional feed water for ensuring no dry spot existence. Reflectors and sun-tracking systems help solar still absorb as much solar intensity as possible. The internal reflector can enhance daily yield and efficiency of stepped solar still up to 75% and 56% respectively, whereas, passive solar still with the support of a sun-tracking system improved daily yield up to 22%. Despite large efforts to investigate the impact of the different parameters on passive solar distillation, the effect of the basin liner (including appropriate shapes and type of material), needs to be analyzed for improvement in practical utilization. The present work has reviewed the investigation of the solar still performance with various types of basin liner. The review of solar stills has been conducted critically with rectangular basin, fins basin, corrugated basin, wick type, steps shape, and cylindrical shape basin with variety of top cover shapes. The findings from this work conclude that the basin liner with a cylindrical shape had better performance in comparison with other metal types and provides higher freshwater output. Stepped type, inclined, fin absorber, and corrugated shapes had the efficient performance.  Further exploration revealed that copper is the best-used material for the productivity of passive solar still.

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