Central Composite Experimental Design Applied to the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Mg/Mica Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. John Iruthaya Raj ◽  
K. Manisekar ◽  
Manoj Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Percentage Reinforcement ◽  
Predictive Regression ◽  
Central Composite Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Designs ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Central Composite

A five-level four-factor central composite design multivariable model was constructed for the evaluation of the combined effect of operating parameters such as percentage reinforcement (0–10%), load (5–25 N), sliding speed (1–5 m/s), sliding distance (500–2500 m) on the wear rate of mica reinforced metal matrix composites. The microwave-assisted powder metallurgy technique was used to fabricate the composites. The wear tests were performed according to statistical designs to develop an empirical predictive regression model. The interaction of percentage reinforcement and sliding distance indicated the significant impact on wear rate. The statistical analysis confirms the optimum composition of mica blends leading to the best possible wear rate. No rapid wear region was identifiable in the morphology of worn composite surfaces.

scholarly journals An investigation on dry sliding wear behavior of Al6061/ Titanium carbide/ Basalt hybrid metal matrix composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
P. MUTHU
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Sliding Distance

Dry sliding wear plays an important role in selecting material for automotive and aerospace applications. Researchers have been exploring novel aluminum matrix composites (AMC), which offer minimum wear rate for various tribological applications. The present work involves multi-objective optimization for dry sliding wear behavior of Al6061 reinforced with 6 % of Titanium carbide and 4% of basalt hybrid metal matrix composites using principal component analysis (PCA)-based grey relational analysis (GRA). In this article, the effects of input variables of wear parameters such as applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance were investigated on different output responses, namely the wear rate, friction force and specific wear rate. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array with three-level settings was chosen for conducting experiments. Three output responses in each experiment were normalized into a weighted grey relational grade using grey relational analysis coupled with the principal component analysis. The analysis of variance indicated that sliding distance is the most influential parameter followed by load and sliding velocity that contributes to the quality characteristics. Optimal results have been verified through additional experiments.

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of 2218 Al-Alloy-Al2O3(TiO2) Hybrid Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineet Tirth
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Aged Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
Sliding Distance

AA2218–Al2O3(TiO2) composites are synthesized by stirring 2, 5, and 7 wt % of 1:2 mixture of Al2O3:TiO2 powders in molten AA2218 alloy. T61 heat-treated composites characterized for microstructure and hardness. Dry sliding wear tests conducted on pin-on-disk setup at available loads 4.91–13.24 N, sliding speed of 1.26 m/s up to sliding distance of 3770 m. Stir cast AA2218 alloy (unreinforced, 0 wt % composite) wears quickly by adhesion, following Archard's law. Aged alloy exhibits lesser wear rate than unaged (solutionized). Mathematical relationship between wear rate and load proposed for solutionized and peak aged alloy. Volume loss in wear increases linearly with sliding distance but drops with the increase in particle wt % at a given load, attributed to the increase in hardness due to matrix reinforcement. Minimum wear rate is recorded in 5 wt % composite due to increased particles retention, lesser porosity, and uniform particle distribution. In composites, wear phenomenon is complex, combination of adhesive and abrasive wear which includes the effect of shear rate, due to sliding action in composite, and abrasive effect (three body wear) of particles. General mathematical relationship for wear rate of T61 aged composite as a function of particle wt % load is suggested. Fe content on worn surface increases with the increase in particle content and counterface temperature increases with the increase in load. Coefficient of friction decreases with particle addition but increases in 7 wt % composite due to change in microstructure.

The Effect on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Gravity Cast A357 Reinforced with Dual Size Silicon Carbide Particles

2016 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Avinash ◽  
T. Ramprabhu ◽  
Srikanth Bontha
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
A357 Alloy ◽  
Severe Wear ◽  
Sliding Distance

In the present study, the composites of A357 (Al-7%Si) alloy reinforced with the bimodal sizes (~250µm (L) and ~38 µm (S)) of 6wt% SiCp and the A357 alloy were prepared by permanent mould die casting. Three different combinations of bimodal distributions were considered: (3% L + 3% S, 4% L + 2% S, and 2% L + 4% S). The wear behavior of the alloy and the composites was studied for the speed of 1 m/s and load conditions of 10-30 N with an interval of 5 N in a pin on disc apparatus. The hardness and microstructure of the composites were also characteristised. The results suggest that the addition of bimodal size of particles significantly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy. Among the different combinations, the 4% L + 2% S bimodal distribution combination provides the highest wear resistance and the hardness. This result indicates that the higher amount of large size particles are more important than that of small size particles to improve the wear resistance, which implies that the particle decohesion is the rate controlling step in the present investigation. The wear rate increases with an increase of load and sliding distance. The critical load to enter into the severe wear regime for the alloy and composites is 25 N. The rapid wear loss begins above 1500 m sliding distance in the composites and the as cast alloy. The wear rate curve with respect to the sliding distance shows three regimes (1) transition period (2) steady state (3) severe wear state. The wear morphology studies show that the abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism in the bimodal size composites whereas the delamination wear is predominant in the alloy.

The Effects of Applied Load on Wear Behavior of Al-Quarry Dust Particle Composite Disc Sliding against Automobile Brake Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 1357-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramesh ◽  
T. Karthikeyan ◽  
A. Kumaravel ◽  
C. Kumaari
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Quarry Dust

The wear behavior of aluminium alloy (A356) reinforced with 5 wt. % of quarry dust particles composite disc was sliding against automobile brake friction lining pin was investigated. Dry sliding wear studies were investigated in pin-on-disc apparatus. The wear tests were carried out range of applied load 20 to 60 N and constant sliding velocity (0.5 m/s) under sliding distance of 500 m. The wear behavior of aluminium metal matrix composite (AMC) has been compared with the commercially used 25 grade Gray Cast Iron disc (GCI).The results showed that the wear rate of AMC disc decreased with increasing the applied load. However the wear rate of AMC disc with respective pin decreased with increasing the applied load. The coefficient friction increased with increasing the applied load. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) used to investigate the disc and pin. The wear debris was analyzed by SEM image.

scholarly journals Comparative study on dry sliding wear behavior of mono (Al2219/B4C) and hybrid (Al2219/B4C/Gr) metal matrix composites using statistical technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
R. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Sliding Distance

AbstractIn the present study, aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMC’s) reinforced with boron carbide (B4C) and graphite (Gr) particles were prepared by stir casting method. Dry sliding wear behavior of developed composites was conducted on pin on disc apparatus with variation in sliding distance, applied load and sliding speed. Taguchi method was employed to optimize the data in a controlled way. Analysis of variance was employed to examine the wear behavior of base alloy (Al2219), mono (Al/B4C) and hybrid (Al/B4C/Gr) metal matrix composites. The correlations were established by linear regression models and validated using confirmation tests. The obtained results indicated that B4C content, sliding distance is highly affected by the dry sliding wear followed by sliding speed and applied load. The incorporation of B4C and Gr particles in aluminium improves the tribological characteristics. The SEM images of mono composite shows the deep grooves on worn surface. It demonstrates the signs of abrasive wear of mono composite. The hybrid composite exhibits excellent wear resistance when compared to mono composite and base alloy. The main reason of that is the Gr particles act as a solid lubricating material in the hybrid composite (Al/B4C/Gr).

OPTIMIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF DRY SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIOR OF STIR CASTED AlSi6Cu4–TiO2 COMPOSITE USING CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1950052
Author(s):  
SUBBARAYAN SIVASANKARAN
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Confirmation Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sliding Distance

The present research paperfocusses on manufacture of AlSi6Cu4–3 wt.% TiO2 metal matrix composite (MMC) through liquid metallurgy route, and the manufactured composites are tested for their dry sliding wear behavior using response surface methodology (RSM). The extensive microstructural investigation is carried out to examine the dispersion of Titania particles, its bonding ability, and embedment characteristics with the matrix. The wear rate on the developed MMC is investigated and predicted using regression model. Further, the confirmation test is conducted to validate the model. The microstructures of the composite had revealed that TiO2 particles are dispersed in the Al matrix. Further, the surface plots show that the wear rate started to vary linearly with the function of load whereas the wear rate starts to vary nonlinearly with the function of the sliding velocity and the sliding distance. In addition, the worn surfaces were investigated through the scanning electron microscopewhich addressed the wear mechanisms and revealed that TiO2 particles enhance the wear performance of aluminum alloy by a reduction in material removal at all wear conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Graphene Oxide and Graphite on Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Polyester Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Bastiurea ◽  
Dumitru Dima ◽  
Gabriel Andrei
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
All Speeds

Graphene oxide and graphite filled polyester composites were prepared by using conventional melt-mixing methods in order to improve tribological performance of polyester. It was investigated friction stability, microhardness, friction coefficient, and specific wear rate of the composites in details. It was found that the presence of graphite and graphene oxide influenced friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites. Graphene oxide decreased wear rate with increasing of test speed and graphite decreased wear rate for composite for all speeds. Tribological performance of the polyester/graphene composites is mainly attributed to bigger thermal conductivity for graphene, which can easily dissipate the heat which appears during the friction process at bigger forces. The positive influence of graphite on coefficient of friction (COF) of the composites is the result of the clivage of graphite layers during the loadings due to van der Waals weak bonds between the graphite layers.

Investigation of the Wear Behavior of AA6082 Against Different Counterparts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiye İpek Ayvaz ◽  
Mehmet Ayvaz
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Oxidation Wear

In this study, the effect of different counterparts on the wear resistance of AA6082 aluminum alloy was investigated. In tests using pin-on-disk method, 6 mm diameter Al2O3, 100Cr6 and WC-6Co balls were used as counterparts. The tests were carried out using 500 m sliding distance and 5N load. The lowest specific wear rate was measured as 7.58x10-4 mm3/Nm in WC-6Co / AA6082 couple, and the highest value was measured as 9.71x10-4 mm3/Nm in 100Cr6/AA6082 couple. In the Al2O3/AA6082 couple, the specific wear rate of the AA6082-T6 sample was determined as 8.23x10-4 mm3/Nm.While it was observed that the dominant wear type in the 100Cr6/AA6082 pair was abrasive wear, oxidation wear and oxide tribofilm were detected in the WC-6Co/AA6082 and Al2O3/AA6082 couple besides the abrasive wear.

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