Experimental Characterization of a T-Shaped Programmable Multistable Mechanism

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zanaty ◽  
Simon Henein
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Stability Behavior ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Good Agreement

Programmable multistable mechanisms (PMM) exhibit a modifiable stability behavior in which the number of stable states, stiffness, and reaction force characteristics are controlled via their programming inputs. In this paper, we present experimental characterization for the concept of stability programing introduced in our previous work (Zanaty et al., 2018, “Programmable Multistable Mechanisms: Synthesis and Modeling,” ASME J. Mech. Des., 140(4), p. 042301.) A prototype of the T-combined axially loaded double parallelogram mechanisms (DPM) with rectangular hinges is manufactured using electrodischarge machining (EDM). An analytical model based on Euler–Bernoulli equations of the T-mechanism is derived from which the stability behavior is extracted. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements are conducted on programming the mechanism as monostable, bistable, tristable, and quadrastable, and show good agreement with our analytical derivations within 10%.

Programmable Constant-Force Multistable Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zanaty ◽  
Simon Henein
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Constant Force ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Zero Force ◽  
Stability Behavior ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Axially Loaded

Programmable multistable mechanisms exhibit stability behavior whereby the stiffness and the number of stable states can be controlled via programming inputs. In this paper, we report the zero stiffness behavior of a 2-degree of programming (DOP) T-combined, axially loaded double parallelogram multistable mechanism. We demonstrate zero force monostability, constant force monostability, zero force bistability, constant force bistability and zero force tristability behaviors by tuning the programming input. We derive analytically the reaction force of the mechanism for each configuration and verify our analytical results using numerical simulations and experimental measurements, showing less than 10% discrepancy. The concept of constant-force programming can be extended to N-DOP T-combined, serial combined and parallel combined programmable multistable mechanisms. Finally, we present potential applications of stability programming.

scholarly journals Material Characterization of Hardening Soft Sponge Featuring MR Fluid and Application of 6-DOF MR Haptic Master for Robot-Assisted Surgery

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Seok Oh ◽  
Jung Sohn ◽  
Seung-Bok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Property ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Magneto Rheological ◽  
6 Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Robot Assisted Surgery

In this work, the material characterization of hardening magneto-rheological (MR) sponge is analyzed and a robot-assisted surgery system integrated with a 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) haptic master and slave root is constructed. As a first step, the viscoelastic property of MR sponge is experimentally analyzed. Based on the viscoelastic property and controllability, a MR sponge which can mimic the several reaction force characteristics of human-like organs is devised and manufactured. Secondly, a slave robot corresponding to the degree of the haptic master is manufactured and integrated with the master. In order to manipulate the robot motion by the master, the kinematic analysis of the master and slave robots is performed. Subsequently, a simple robot cutting surgery system which is manipulated by the haptic master and MR sponge is established. It is then demonstrated from this system that using both MR devices can provide more accurate cutting surgery than the case using the haptic master only.

scholarly journals In Vitro Validation of Finite-Element Model of AAA Hemodynamics Incorporating Realistic Outlet Boundary Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan O. Kung ◽  
Andrea S. Les ◽  
Francisco Medina ◽  
Ryan B. Wicker ◽  
Michael V. McConnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Windkessel Model ◽  
Measured Velocity ◽  
Good Agreement

The purpose of this study is to validate numerical simulations of flow and pressure in an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PCMRI) and an in vitro phantom under physiological flow and pressure conditions. We constructed a two-outlet physical flow phantom based on patient imaging data of an AAA and developed a physical Windkessel model to use as outlet boundary conditions. We then acquired PCMRI data in the phantom while it operated under conditions mimicking a resting and a light exercise physiological state. Next, we performed in silico numerical simulations and compared experimentally measured velocities, flows, and pressures in the in vitro phantom to those computed in the in silico simulations. There was a high degree of agreement in all of the pressure and flow waveform shapes and magnitudes between the experimental measurements and simulated results. The average pressures and flow split difference between experiment and simulation were all within 2%. Velocity patterns showed good agreement between experimental measurements and simulated results, especially in the case of whole-cycle averaged comparisons. We demonstrated methods to perform in vitro phantom experiments with physiological flows and pressures, showing good agreement between numerically simulated and experimentally measured velocity fields and pressure waveforms in a complex patient-specific AAA geometry.

scholarly journals Experimental Characterization of 2 × 2 Electronically Reconfigurable 1 Bit Unit Cells for a Beamforming Transmitarray at X Band

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Biswarup Rana ◽  
In-Gon Lee ◽  
Ic-Pyo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Waveguide Transition ◽  
Transmitted Waves ◽  
X Band ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
New Type ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper proposes a reconfigurable unit cell for a transmitarray operating at the X band. The unit cell consists of an active patch, a passive patch, and a phase shifter. The active patch has two PIN diodes that change the phase of 180° of the transmitted waves. The passive and active patches both have circular slots to enhance the bandwidth of the transmitted wave. We also propose a new type of experimental characterization technique to measure the performance of the unit cells at the X band without fabricating the entire transmitarray. Instead of a 1 unit cell as described in the literature, we propose 2 × 2 unit cells to measure the performance of unit cells using the X band waveguide. The waveguide consists of a WR-90 section and a rectangular to square waveguide transition section that can be fit to our proposed structure. A good agreement between simulated and measured results was found.

scholarly journals Design and fabrication of a freeform mirror generating a uniform illuminance distribution in a rectangular region

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-546
Author(s):  
E.S. Andreev ◽  
E.V. Byzov ◽  
D.A. Bykov ◽  
М.А. Moiseev ◽  
L.L. Doskolovich
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Transportation Problem ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Mass Transportation ◽  
Rectangular Region ◽  
Linear Assignment Problem ◽  
Linear Assignment ◽  
Good Agreement

The design of a freeform mirror generating a uniform illuminance distribution in a rectangular region with angular dimensions of 30°x15° is presented. The design method is based on the formulation of the problem of calculating the "ray-mapping" as a Monge-Kantorovich mass transportation problem and its subsequent reducing to a linear assignment problem. We describe a mirror fabrication process with the use of milling technology and present results of experimental measurements of the light distribution generated by the mirror. The experimental results are in good agreement with the results of numerical simulations and thus confirm the manufacturability of mirrors designed by the method proposed.

Thermal study of clogging during filament-based material extrusion additive manufacturing: Experimental-numerical study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Taheri ◽  
Ali Karimnejad Esfahani ◽  
Abas Ramiar
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Detailed Picture ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract One of the major drawbacks of material extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) is hot-end clogging. This study aims to answer the question, “What thermal conditions lead to clogging during filament-based material extrusion?” Answering this question requires a clear understanding of temperature distribution inside the liquefier. However, this could not be achieved only through experimental measurements. Therefore, numerical simulations were also carried out by developing a 3D finite volume model of the hot-end. The results obtained from numerical simulations show good agreement with experimental measurements. They also give us a detailed picture of the temperature gradient near the nozzle. Moreover, a series of experiments were performed to determine when clogging occurs, and some criteria for avoiding clogging were presented. These results were also compared and combined with the numerical results to investigate the thermal condition leading to clogging. As the results show, overheating the heat barrier increases the length of the filament, whose temperature is above the glass transition temperature. As this length exceeds a critical value, the filament buckles under the extruder motor force and clogging occurs.

Experimental and theoretical characterization of the surface acoustic wave propagation properties of GaN epitaxial layers on c-plane sapphire

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kook Hyun Choi ◽  
Hyeong Joon ◽  
Su Jin Chung ◽  
Jin Yong Kim ◽  
Tae Kun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Surface Acoustic Wave ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Matrix Methods ◽  
Propagation Properties ◽  
Good Agreement

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation properties of gallium nitride (GaN) epitaxial layers on sapphire were theoretically and experimentally characterized. GaN thin films were grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate using a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system. The experimental characterization of SAW propagation properties was performed with a linear array of interdigital transducer structures, while SAW velocities were calculated by matrix methods. Experimentally, we found pseudo-SAW and high-velocity pseudo-SAW modes in the GaN/sapphire structure, which had a good agreement with calculated velocities.

scholarly journals Many-soliton bound states in dispersion-managed optical fiber: Possibility of fiber-optic transmission of three bits per clock period

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (26) ◽  
pp. 1750178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelâali Boudjemâa
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Variational Approach ◽  
Bound States ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Clock Period ◽  
Binding Force ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Good Agreement

We study the stability and the dynamics of many-soliton molecules in dispersion-managed (DM) optical fibers with focus on five-and seven-soliton molecules by analytical and numerical means. In particular we calculate the binding force, pulse durations and equilibrium separations using a variational approach. Predicted pulse shapes are in good agreement with those found by numerical simulations of the underlying nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Within limitations, soliton molecules with up to seven solitons possibly allow to encode three bits of data per clock period.

scholarly journals Characterization of Functionally Graded Timoshenko Beams with Variable Rotational Speed

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5926-5931
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Timoshenko Beams ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Axial Loads ◽  
Fgm Beam ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper investigates the free vibration characteristics and stability of a functionally graded Timoshenko beam spinning with variable angular speed. Material properties of the beam are assumed to be varied continuously along the thickness of the beam according to a power law and exponential law. The results show that increasing beam rotational speed increases fundamental mode frequency and the beam becomes more and more stable at higher speeds. This paper reports the dynamic behaviour of a rotating FGM beam subjected to axial periodic forces using the finite element method. The numerical results show good agreement with the reported beams models. Effects of static and time dependent components of axial loads on the stability of the FGM beam have been studied.

Numerical and experimental characterization of a button-shaped miniaturized UHF antenna on magneto-dielectric substrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martino Aldrigo ◽  
Alessandra Costanzo ◽  
Diego Masotti ◽  
Carlo Baldisserri ◽  
Ioan Dumitru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Strontium Hexaferrite ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Small Patch ◽  
Barium Strontium ◽  
Matching Performance ◽  
Good Agreement

The design and characterization of a new broadband small patch antenna, based on an innovative magneto-dielectric material and suitable for wearable applications at 868 MHz, is presented. To reduce antenna dimensions, while preserving its radiation and matching performance, a barium-strontium hexaferrite Ba0.75Sr0.25Fe12O19 has been synthesized as the antenna substrate to achieve magnetic permeability double than vacuum in the band of interest. First material realization is characterized and dispersive permittivity and permeability behaviors are included in the design of a small patch antenna with a shorting-plate. A button-size realization is obtained and its suitability for wearable applications is numerically and experimentally demonstrated on body with and without the presence of conductive shielding. Very good agreement with measurements is demonstrated for both matching and radiation performance of the antenna.

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