scholarly journals Experimental Test of Properties of KCl–MgCl2 Eutectic Molten Salt for Heat Transfer and Thermal Storage Fluid in Concentrated Solar Power Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiankun Xu ◽  
Xiaoxin Wang ◽  
Peiwen Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Qing Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Salt Corrosion

The eutectic mixture of MgCl2–KCl molten salt is a high temperature heat transfer and thermal storage fluid able to be used at temperatures up to 800 °C in concentrating solar thermal power systems. The molten salt thermophysical properties are reported including vapor pressure, heat capacity, density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and the corrosion behavior of nickel-based alloys in the molten salt corrosion at high temperatures. Correlations of the measured properties as functions of molten salt temperatures are presented for industrial applications. The test results of tensile strength of two nickel-based alloys exposed in the molten salt at a temperature of 800 °C from 1-week length to 16-week length are reported. It was found that the corrosion and strength loss is rather low when the salt is first processed to remove water and oxygen.

scholarly journals Thermophysical properties experimentally tested for NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 eutectic molten salt as a next generation high temperature HTF in CSP systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Wang ◽  
Jusus Rincon ◽  
Peiwen Li ◽  
Youyang Zhao ◽  
Judith Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Heat Of Fusion

Abstract A new eutectic chloride molten salt, MgCl2-KCl-NaCl (wt.% 45.98-38.91-15.11), has been recognized as one of the most promising high-temperature heat-transfer fluids (HTF) for both heat transfer and thermal storage for the 3rd Generation concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) systems. For the first time, some essential thermophysical properties of this eutectic chloride molten salt needed for basic heat transfer and energy storage analysis in the application of concentrating solar power systems have been experimentally tested and provided as functions of temperature in the range from 450 °C to 700 °C. The studied properties include heat capacity, melting point, heat of fusion, viscosity, vapor pressure, density, and thermal conductivity. The property equations provide essential database for engineers to use to calculate convective heat transfer in concentrated solar receivers, heat exchangers, and thermal storage for concentrated solar power plants.

Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Enhancing the Thermodynamics Characteristic of Alkali Nitrate and Chlorate Salt for Concentration Solar Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Shi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
The Future

Solar thermal power generation technology is the most feasible technology to compete with fossil fuels in the economy, and is considered to be one of the most promising candidates for providing a major share of the clean and renewable energy needed in the future. The appropriate heat transfer fluid and storage medium is a key technological issue for the future success of solar thermal technologies. Molten salt is one of the best heat transfer and thermal storage fluid for both parabolic trough and tower solar thermal power system. It is very important that molten salt heat transfer mechanisms are understood and can be predicted with accuracy. But studies on molten salts heat transfer are rare. This study will lay a foundation for the application of carbon nanotubes in molten salt which can remarkably improve the stability and capacity of thermal storage. Thermal analysis methods and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are utilized to provide a review of thermophysical properties and thermochemical characteristics of the MWCNTs-salt composite materials.

Central Receiver System Solar Power Plant Using Molten Salt as Heat Transfer Fluid

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ignacio Ortega ◽  
J. Ignacio Burgaleta ◽  
Félix M. Téllez
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Spanish Legislation ◽  
Solar Thermal Power Generation

Of all the technologies being developed for solar thermal power generation, central receiver systems (CRSs) are able to work at the highest temperatures and to achieve higher efficiencies in electricity production. The combination of this concept and the choice of molten salts as the heat transfer fluid, in both the receiver and heat storage, enables solar collection to be decoupled from electricity generation better than water∕steam systems, yielding high capacity factors with solar-only or low hybridization ratios. These advantages, along with the benefits of Spanish legislation on solar energy, moved SENER to promote the 17MWe Solar TRES plant. It will be the first commercial CRS plant with molten-salt storage and will help consolidate this technology for future higher-capacity plants. This paper describes the basic concept developed in this demonstration project, reviewing the experience accumulated in the previous Solar TWO project, and present design innovations, as a consequence of the development work performed by SENER and CIEMAT and of the technical conditions imposed by Spanish legislation on solar thermal power generation.

The Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure and Thermal Load on Buckling Analysis of Large Scale Tank Roof

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianyu Shi ◽  
Zhijian Wang ◽  
Hui Tang ◽  
Qi Li
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Buckling Analysis ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Nonlinear Buckling ◽  
Nonlinear Buckling Analysis

Abstract Large scale molten salt storage tanks are widely used in the solar thermal power systems. For these tanks, buckling is a primary failure mode because of its features such as large scale, thinned wall and high temperature. Suffering high temperature condition is a major distinction between molten salt storage tanks and other water or oil tanks. High temperature can cause large thermal deformation for large scale structures which may have an effect on the safety assessment, especially on buckling assessment. Meanwhile, the hydrostatic pressure of molten salt can also cause the change of tank’s configuration. In this paper, a typical large molten salt storage tank has been studied. The critical buckling loads of the tank roof are obtained using nonlinear buckling analysis considering thermal loads and hydrostatic pressure. The results are discussed and some conclusions are proposed for engineering design.

Novel Ionic Liquid Thermal Storage for Solar Thermal Electric Power Systems

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banqiu Wu ◽  
Ramana G. Reddy ◽  
Robin D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Liquid Temperature ◽  
Storage Density ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Storage Media

Abstract Feasibility of ionic liquids as liquid thermal storage media and heat transfer fluids in a solar thermal power plant was investigated. Many ionic liquids such as [C4min][PF6], [C8mim][PF6], [C4min][bistrifluromethane sulflonimide], [C4min][BF4], [C8mim][BF4], and [C4min][bistrifluromethane sulflonimide] were synthesized and characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), viscometry, and some other methods. Properties such as decomposition temperature, melting point, viscosity, density, heat capacity, and thermal expansion coefficient were measured. The calculated storage density for [C8mim][PF6] is 378 MJ/m3 when the inlet and outlet field temperatures are 210°C and 390°C. For a single ionic liquid, [C4mim][BF4], the liquid temperature range is from −75°C to 459°C. It is found that ionic liquids have advantages of high density, wide liquid temperature range, low viscosity, high chemical stability, non-volatility, high heat capacity, and high storage density. Based on our experimental results, it is concluded that ionic liquids could be excellent liquid thermal storage media and heat transfer fluids in solar thermal power plant.

Corrosion Experiments on Ceramic Samples Within Molten Salts

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hadrava ◽  
Vojtěch Galek ◽  
Jaroslav Stoklasa ◽  
Jan Hrbek ◽  
Kateřina Kunešová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Heat Transfer Medium ◽  
Ceramic Samples

The molten salts can provide many possibilities for their use, e.g., an electrolyte in fuel cells or as a heat transfer medium and an oxygen transporter for flameless oxidation in molten salt oxidation (MSO) technology. The environment of molten salts is very corrosive; therefore, it is crucial to find such ceramic materials, which could be used as reactor filling for MSO technology. The aim of this work was to research physical properties of ceramic samples after the exposure within the eutectic mixture of Na2CO3, K2CO3, Li2CO3 and temperature of 700 °C.

Assessment of a Molten Salt Heat Transfer Fluid in a Parabolic Trough Solar Field

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kearney ◽  
U. Herrmann ◽  
P. Nava ◽  
B. Kelly ◽  
R. Mahoney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Eutectic Mixture ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Diphenyl Oxide ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Solar Field

An evaluation was carried out to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a molten salt as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and for thermal storage in a parabolic trough solar field to improve system performance and to reduce the levelized electricity cost. The operating SEGS (Solar Electric Generating Systems located in Mojave Desert, California) plants currently use a high temperature synthetic oil consisting of a eutectic mixture of biphenyl/diphenyl oxide. The scope of this investigation included examination of known critical issues, postulating solutions or possible approaches where potential problems exist, and the quantification of performance and electricity cost using preliminary cost inputs. The two leading candidates were the so-called solar salt (a binary salt consisting of 60% NaNO3 and 40% KNO3) and a salt sold commercially as HitecXL (a ternary salt consisting of 48% CaNO32, 7% NaNO3, and 45% KNO3). Assuming a two-tank storage system and a maximum operation temperature of 450°C, the evaluation showed that the levelized electricity cost can be reduced by 14.2% compared to a state-of-the-art parabolic trough plant such as the SEGS plants. If higher temperatures are possible, the improvement may be as high as 17.6%. Thermocline salt storage systems offer even greater benefits.

Experimental Investigation of Thermal Storage Processes in a Thermocline Storage Tank

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa Karaki ◽  
Peiwen Li ◽  
Jon Van Lew ◽  
M. M. Valmiki ◽  
Cholik Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Energy Storage Efficiency

This paper presents an experimental study and analysis of the heat transfer of energy charge and discharge in a packed-bed thermocline thermal storage tank for application in concentrated solar thermal power plants. Because the energy storage efficiency is a function of many parameters including fluid and solid properties, tank dimensions, packing dimensions, and time lengths of charge and discharge, this paper aims to provide experimental data and a proper approach of data reduction and presentation. To accomplish this goal, dimensionless governing equations of energy conservation in the heat transfer fluid and solid packed-bed material are derived. The obtained experimental data will provide a basis for validation of mathematical models in the future.

CFD-Based Correlation for Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Circular Ducts of Internally Heated Molten Salts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Lecce ◽  
Sandra Dulla ◽  
Piero Ravetto ◽  
Antonio Cammi ◽  
Stefano Lorenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Internal Heat Source ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Corrective Factor

Heat transfer phenomena involving internally heated fluid flows are of particular interest in several industrial applications, in chemical plants as in the nuclear field. This topic is relevant for the development of the Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs) since it involves the safety characteristics of the liquid molten salt fuel. In the literature, there is a lack of systematic studies on the heat transfer mechanism and correlations for flows in ducts featuring an internal heat source, apart from some analytical studies performed in Fiorina et al., “Thermal-hydraulics of internally heated molten salts and application to the MSFR”, Journal of physics, Conference series 501 (2014). In this work, the Nusselt number is computed multiplying the traditional Nu for internal flows times a corrective factor to account for the internal heat source. As a main outcome of this work, it is possible to obtain a CFD-based improved estimate of the corrective factor correlation for turbulent flow regime with respect to the work by Fiorina. The numerical CFD analysis is performed with the open source code Open FOAM. Despite its simplicity, the method is general and applicable for any geometrical and thermal situations.

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