Advanced Cooling in Gas Turbines 2016 Max Jakob Memorial Award Paper

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Chin Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gas Turbine Heat Transfer

Gas turbines have been extensively used for aircraft engine propulsion, land-based power generation, and industrial applications. Power output and thermal efficiency of gas turbines increase with increasing turbine rotor inlet temperatures (RIT). Currently, advanced gas turbines operate at turbine RIT around 1700 °C far higher than the yielding point of the blade material temperature about 1200 °C. Therefore, turbine rotor blades need to be cooled by 3–5% of high-pressure compressor air around 700 °C. To design an efficient turbine blade cooling system, it is critical to have a thorough understanding of gas turbine heat transfer characteristics within complex three-dimensional (3D) unsteady high-turbulence flow conditions. Moreover, recent research trend focuses on aircraft gas turbines that operate at even higher RIT up to 2000 °C with a limited amount of cooling air, and land-based power generation gas turbines (including 300–400 MW combined cycles with 60% efficiency) burn alternative syngas fuels with higher heat load to turbine components. It is important to understand gas turbine heat transfer problems with efficient cooling strategies under new harsh working environments. Advanced cooling technology and durable thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) play most critical roles for development of new-generation high-efficiency gas turbines with near-zero emissions for safe and long-life operation. This paper reviews basic gas turbine heat transfer issues with advanced cooling technologies and documents important relevant papers for future research references.

Fundamental Gas Turbine Heat Transfer

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Chin Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gas Turbine Heat Transfer ◽  
Cooling Air

Gas turbines are used for aircraft propulsion and land-based power generation or industrial applications. Thermal efficiency and power output of gas turbines increase with increasing turbine rotor inlet temperatures (RIT). Current advanced gas turbine engines operate at turbine RIT (1700 °C) far higher than the melting point of the blade material (1000 °C); therefore, turbine blades are cooled by compressor discharge air (700 °C). To design an efficient cooling system, it is a great need to increase the understanding of gas turbine heat transfer behaviors within complex 3D high-turbulence unsteady engine-flow environments. Moreover, recent research focuses on aircraft gas turbines operating at even higher RIT with limited cooling air and land-based gas turbines burn coal-gasified fuels with a higher heat load. It is important to understand and solve gas turbine heat transfer problems under new harsh working environments. The advanced cooling technology and durable thermal barrier coatings play critical roles for the development of advanced gas turbines with near zero emissions for safe and long-life operation. This paper reviews fundamental gas turbine heat transfer research topics and documents important relevant papers for future research.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

scholarly journals Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine Based Power Generation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Paisley ◽  
Donald Anson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Us ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The Biomass Power Program of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has as a major goal the development of cost-competitive technologies for the production of power from renewable biomass crops. The gasification of biomass provides the potential to meet his goal by efficiently and economically producing a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for use in high efficiency gas turbines. This paper discusses the development and first commercial demonstration of the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for power generation systems. Projected process economics are presented along with a description of current experimental operations coupling a gas turbine power generation system to the research scale gasifier and the process scaleup activities in Burlington, Vermont.

Evaluation of Numerical Methods to Predict Temperature Distributions of an Experimentally Investigated Convection-Cooled Gas-Turbine Blade

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Findeisen ◽  
B. Woerz ◽  
M. Wieler ◽  
P. Jeschke ◽  
M. Rabs
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Gas Turbine Blade ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Temperature Distributions

This paper presents two different numerical methods to predict the thermal load of a convection-cooled gas-turbine blade under realistic operating temperature conditions. The subject of the investigation is a gas-turbine rotor blade equipped with an academic convection-cooling system and investigated at a cascade test-rig. It consists of three cooling channels, which are connected outside the blade, so allowing cooling air temperature measurements. Both methods use FE models to obtain the temperature distribution of the solid blade. The difference between these methods lies in the generation of the heat transfer coefficients along the cooling channel walls which serve as a boundary condition for the FE model. One method, referred to as the FEM1D method, uses empirical one-dimensional correlations known from the available literature. The other method, the FEM2D method, uses three-dimensional CFD simulations to obtain two-dimensional heat transfer coefficient distributions. The numerical results are compared to each other as well as to experimental data, so that the benefits and limitations of each method can be shown and validated. Overall, this paper provides an evaluation of the different methods which are used to predict temperature distributions in convection-cooled gas-turbines with regard to accuracy, numerical cost and the limitations of each method. The temperature profiles obtained in all methods generally show good agreement with the experiments. However, the more detailed methods produce more accurate results by causing higher numerical costs.

scholarly journals Progress in Modeling and Control of Gas Turbine Power Generation Systems: A Survey

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Mohamed ◽  
Ashraf Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
And Control

This paper reviews the modeling techniques and control strategies applied to gas turbine power generation plants. Recent modeling philosophies are discussed and the state-of-the-art feasible strategies for control are shown. Research conducted in the field of modeling, simulation, and control of gas turbine power plants has led to notable advancements in gas turbines’ operation and energy efficiency. Tracking recent achievements and trends that have been made is essential for further development and future research. A comprehensive survey is presented here that covers the outdated attempts toward the up-to-date techniques with emphasis on different issues and turbines’ characteristics. Critical review of the various published methodologies is very useful in showing the importance of this research area in practical and technical terms. The different modeling approaches are classified and each category is individually investigated by reviewing a considerable number of research articles. Then, the main features of each category or approach is reported. The modern multi-variable control strategies that have been published for gas turbines are also reviewed. Moreover, future trends are proposed as recommendations for planned research.

Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine-Based Power Generation

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Paisley ◽  
D. Anson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Us ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The Biomass Power Program of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has as a major goal the development of cost-competitive technologies for the production of power from renewable biomass crops. The gasification of biomass provides the potential to meet this goal by efficiently and economically producing a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for use in high-efficiency gas turbines. This paper discusses the development and first commercial demonstration of the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for power generation systems. Projected process economics are presented along with a description of current experimental operations coupling a gas turbine power generation system to the research scale gasifier and the process scaleup activities in Burlington, Vermont.

scholarly journals User-Oriented Gas Turbine Research at KEMA

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rooth
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Power Stations

In the 80’s and early 90’s, in the Netherlands 11 combi blocks with prefitted gas turbines have been built. This repowering programme increased the efficiency of the units involved by several percentage points. Additionally, the commissioning of the five 335 MWe units at the Eems power station is in progress and plans exist for a farther seven 250 MW heat and power stations. This means that by 2002 the generating industry will be operating seventy-five gas turbines with a total gas turbine power of 5700 MWe. These data serve to illustrate mat gas turbines will be the workhorse of the Dutch generating industry in the coming decades, and that security of supply, efficiency, emissions and generating cost will to a large extent be determined by the gas turbine. However, the introduction of the gas turbine, driven by the possibility of high-efficiency electricity generation in e.g. combined cycle units, the increase in scale of the machines and the fact that they are increasingly being used in base load units have also led to problems and forced unavailability, as will be shown under goals of the project. The problems are related to creep, thermal stresses and fatigue of combustion chambers, turbine rotor blades, rotors etc. Apart from these problem areas, other subjects of interest are optimization of inlet air filtering and compressor cleaning. It is the Dutch Electricity Production industry who realized that a substantial R&D effort is necessary to solve those user related problems and formulated the execution of the target project Gas Turbines.

MAN’s New Gas Turbines for Mechanical Drive and Power Generation Applications

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Aschenbruck ◽  
Michele Cagna ◽  
Volker Langusch ◽  
Ulrich Orth ◽  
Andreas Spiegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Exhaust Temperature

MAN Diesel & Turbo recently developed a completely new gas turbine family for the first time in its history. The first product line contains both two-shaft and single-shaft gas turbines in the 6 – 7 MW class. The two-shaft engine was thoroughly tested at MAN’s gas turbine test center, and the first engine has been delivered to a launch customer. For MAN, it constitutes a technology platform that will produce further developments and new models in the coming years. The two-shaft design makes the new gas turbine an ideal mechanical drive for both turbo compressors and pumps. This gas turbine operates to suit the optimum duty point of the driven machine; both in a wide speed and power range. The two stage power turbine design allows for a wide speed range of 45 to 105% while maintaining high efficiency. For power generation a single-shaft version has been created by adding one additional stage to the two stage high pressure turbine. The compressor pressure ratio is 15, which is high enough for achieving the highest potential efficiency for both generator and compressor drive applications. Low pollutant emission levels are achieved with MAN’s DLN combustion technology. The gas turbine exhaust temperature is sufficiently high to reach high heat recovery rates in combined heat and power cycles. Another important feature of the new gas turbine is its unrestricted suitability for taking load quickly and rapid load changes. Service costs have also been significantly improved upon. MAN opted for a sturdy and modular gas turbine construction, while not compromising on efficiency. The objective is to extend service life and shorten down time occurrences. The modular package assembly process helps to reduce routine maintenance and repair time, and ultimately package downtime.

H System™ Technology Update

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Full Speed ◽  
Steam Cooling

Responding to a global market demand for clean, reliable and low-cost energy, GE Power Systems introduced its newest, most advanced generation of gas turbines in 1995. Called the H System™ this technology uses higher efficiency and output to produce electricity at lower costs than any other gas-fired power generation system available today. Efficiency. The H System™ is designed to achieve 60% thermal efficiency, a major milestone in the power generation industry. The most efficient combined-cycle systems currently in operation reach 57–58% efficiency. The use of advanced materials and a unique, steam-cooling system enable the higher firing temperatures required for this increase in efficiency. The integrated closed-loop steam cooling system uses steam from the steam turbine bottoming cycle to more efficiently cool the critical gas turbine parts, and returns the steam to the bottoming cycle where it can produce additional work in the steam turbine. Environmental Performance. The H System™ burns natural gas, a much cleaner fuel than other options such as oil or coal. In addition, the system’s higher efficiency means that less fuel is needed to produce the same amount of power, further reducing emissions of CO2 and NOx. The closed-loop steam cooling system cools both the rotating and stationary gas turbine parts to maintain combustion chamber exit temperatures for low NOx emissions, while permitting the high gas turbine firing temperatures required for increased efficiency and output. Reliability. The H System™ is based on technology proven in millions of hours of GE aircraft engine and power plant service. In particular, the lessons learned throughout the development and 7.1 million hours of worldwide operating experience of GE’s F technology have been applied to the H System™. Status. This technology has been subjected to an extensive validation process. This process includes component, scale, and full size rig testing, Full Speed No Load factory tests, and culminates in Full Speed Full Load characterization testing in a commercial power plant. This paper discusses the validation process and status for the 50 Hz S109H and 60 Hz S107H in more detail.

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