Pelletization of Refuse-Derived Fuel Fluff to Produce High Quality Feedstock

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charley J. Sprenger ◽  
Lope G. Tabil ◽  
Majid Soleimani ◽  
Joy Agnew ◽  
Amie Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Applied Load ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Pellet Form

Municipal solid waste (MSW) may be a suitable feedstock for thermochemical conversion. Current technologies process the MSW into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) fluff before conversion. Bench- and pilot-scale densification trials were conducted to determine the parameters required to produce a high quality feedstock from the MSW-RDF material in pellet form. The RDF was densified, as well as the biodegradable (paper and wood) fraction of the RDF stream to compare quality of pellets for the two material compositions. A single pelleting trial was conducted to examine the compaction parameters that would produce high quality pellets: sample material, grind size, moisture content, temperature, and pelleting pressure. It was determined that quality pellets, for both materials, were formed at a grind size of 6.35 mm at 16% moisture under pelleting conditions of 90 °C and 4000 N applied load. Pilot-scale pelleting was then completed to emulate industrial pelleting process utilizing the parameters from the single pelleting trials that were deemed to produce quality pellets. All of the samples produced durable pellets (88–94%), with the ash content around 20%. A techno-economic feasibility study determined that 6.35 mm diameter pellets could be produced for an average cost of $38/Mg, although the aggressive process of the size reduction required indicates that it may not be a technically feasible option.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF DEMINERALIZED GELATIN FROM LIZARDFISH (Saurida spp.) SCALES USING NaOH-NaCl SOLUTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Dyah H Wardhani ◽  
Esti Rahmawati ◽  
Ghozi Tsany Arifin ◽  
Heri Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Positive Effect

Demineralization is required to reduce the ash content of gelatin. Previous studies have confirmed the high quality of gelatin was produced after demineralized using combination of NaCl and aqueous NaOH. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of NaCl on the properties of gelatin from Lizardfish (Saurida spp.) scales. The cleaned scales was demineralized using a mixture of NaOH 0.5% and NaCl (0- 0.8%), at various temperatures (45, 65, 86oC) and time (30, 60, 90 and 150 minutes). The obtained samples was determined by ash content, pH, the lightness and moisture content. Addition of NaCl reduced the ash, pH and moisture content but increased the whiteness. Gelatin physical properties increased inline with NaCl concentration. Extended demineralized period gave a positive effect on ash, pH and moisture content but opposite effect was observed in the lightness and physical properties. Extended demineralization periods in high temperature reduced gelatin quality. The highest gel strength was found at demineralization for 150 min at 65oC using a combination of NaOH 0.5% and NaCl 0.8%. At this condition, the gelatin has 10%, 1,7%, 248 bloom, and 7,1 cP of moisture content, ash, gel strength and viscosity, respectively, which fulfil SNI 06.3735.1995.

UV Disinfection of Tertiary and Secondary Effluents

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W.A. Ho ◽  
P. Bohm
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ultraviolet Light Irradiation ◽  
Secondary Effluents

Abstract The practicality of disinfecting sewage effluents with ultraviolet light irradiation CUV) was investigated with a pilot scale proprietary unit. Field study results demonstrated that UV irradiation could consistently achieve a bacteriological quality of 2,500 total coliform counts/100 ml in tertiary and high quality secondary effluents. This bacteriological quality could be maintained in effluents simulating minor plant upset conditions.

scholarly journals Investigation and Comparison of the Enrichment Potential of Turkey (Şenkaya, Erzurum) Coals with Knelson Concentrator

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Oyku Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Coal Sample ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Enrichment Method ◽  
Low Sulfur Content ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Knelson Concentrator

The quality of coals from, Erzurum varies widely. Two coal samples from this area were compared. The first has a composition of 19% ash, 5700 kcal, and 3% sulfur while the other has 49.20% ash, 3000 kcal, and 1.6% sulfur composition. It is understood that the first coal sample is a high-quality coal. Although the ash content of the second coal sample is determined to be high and the calorie value is low, the low sulfur content is advantageous for the environment. This study aimed at increasing the quality of coal samples by carrying out experiments for reducing the ratio of ash and sulfur with Knelson’s enrichment processes. Chemical analysis, sieve analysis experiments, %ash, %moisture, and %calorie values of each fraction are determined from two different C1 and C2 coal samples taken from the Balkaya village belonging to Şenkaya, Erzurum. Then, %ash, %yield, and %sulfur analyzes were carried out on the coal samples using the Knelson gravity separator enrichment method, and the results were evaluated for coal samples.

scholarly journals Productivity of Ostriches Fed with Felucen P-2 Feed Supplement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia O. Korotkikh ◽  
Mikhail S. Krivko
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Black African ◽  
Biological Value

This article presents the results of a study that examined the effect of Felucen P-2 feed supplement on the growth and development, blood parameters and quality of meat of black African ostriches. The experiment was conducted on two groups of ostriches: the first group received the main diet and the second group received Felucen P-2 added to the main diet. It was found that Felucen P-2 was an effective feed supplement which increased the rate of growth and development of young ostriches. For example, at the age of 90 days, ostriches of the first group had a live weight of 19.15 kg, and of the second group - 20.35 kg; at the age of 120 days, the birds of the first group had a live weight of 29.10 kg and of the second group - 32.05 kg; at the age of 150 days, the birds of the first group had a live weight of 40.35 kg and of the second group - 44.95 kg. In addition, from the age of 120 days, the significant live weight gain was observed. During this period, average daily gains were 332-453 g. The insignificant superiority of ostriches of the second group over the first one by the biological value and meat quality was determined. The ash content in ostriches of the second group was 1.1%, and in the first group it was 0.9%; the moisture content was 75.3 and 77.1, respectively; the protein content was 20.9% and 19.1%, respectively; and the fat content was 2.7% and 2.9%, respectively. In general, meat products had high quality and dietary indicators. Keywords: ostriches, Felucen P-2, daily average gain, meat

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment (LCA) refuse derived fuel (RDF) waste in pusat inovasi agro teknologi (PIAT) Universitas Gadjah Mada as alternative waste management for energy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titi Tiara Anasstasia ◽  
Muhammad Mufti Azis ◽  
Imam Haryanto ◽  
Rio Arya Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Terrestrial Ecotoxicity ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Framework System

Pusat Inovasi Agroteknologi (PIAT) handles institutional waste generated from Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). Waste from UGM is called Institutional Solid Waste (ISW) reaches 1,427.27 kg / week. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was used as a tool to calculate and evaluate the environmental impact of potential ISW conversion to densified Refused Derived Fuel (dRDF) with gate to gate framework system. For simulation, OpenLCA software equipped with Ecoinvent database was used in this work. The results showed that conversion of combustible inorganic waste into densified Refuse Derived Fuel (dRDF) along with conversion of organic waste into compost gave following environmental impacts: global warming potential of 1.3E+00 kg CO2 eq, acidification 3.9E-03kg SO4 eq., eutrophication 7.1E-01 kg P eq., human toxicity 1.2E+00 kg 1.4-dichlorobenzene and terrestrial ecotoxicity 6.1E-02 kg 1.4-dichlorobenzene. By separating combustible from non-combustible inorganic waste may significantly improve the quality of dRDF as well as the quantity of compost. The substitution of coal using dRDF combined with the selling of compost is a feasible option. In addition, our results also showed that installation of exhaust gas emission control could further reduce the environmental impact of dRDF production. An economic evaluation was also conducted to evaluate the scenario of converting ISW into dRDF and compost. This option appeared to be profitable, provided that no restrictions to the processed waste, steady flow of dRDF product to the end-users, and the presence of standard price for dRDF.

scholarly journals Storage of caatinga forest biomass to improve the quality of wood for energy

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1178-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Stephenson Ramalho Lacerda ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira ◽  
Gisele Paim Ribeiro Domingues Lopes ◽  
Nayara Bergamo Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
General State ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Storage Times

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of forest biomass energy, coming from the Caatinga, for different storage times in the field. The study was conducted in southern Piauí, between January and February (rainy season). Samples were collected containing branches and trunks of various species, and samples of branches and trunks separately in 5 sample units of 20x20m. Samples were evaluated in the general state freshly harvested and samples of branches and logs after 15 and 30 days of storage in piles in the field. The analyzes carried out were: moisture content on wet basis, ash content and calorific value. Moisture content of freshly harvested biomass ranged from 39% with two days after cutting to 79% in biomass cut and left distributed in the field for 10 days. After storage in piles for 15 days, branches showed moisture content of 18% and the logs 21%, and net calorific value of 3432kcal kg-1 and 3274kcal kg-1, respectively. After 30 days, moisture content for branches was 13% and the logs 21%, and net calorific value of 3672kcal kg-1 and 3240kcal kg-1, respectively. Ash content of the biomass was low. Cutting trees in the rainy season, with maintenance of biomass in the field for 10 days, resulted in an increment of moisture content. Branches had the best behaviour during the storage. Fifteen days of storage are sufficient for the caatinga biomass to achieve high-quality energy.

Influence of technology parameters of free-cutting steel continuous casting on the billet internal structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
A. T. Kunakbaeva ◽  
A. M. Stolyarov ◽  
M. V. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Cutting Steel ◽  
Continuously Cast

Free-cutting steel gains specific working properties thanks to the high content of sulfur and phosphorus. These elements, especially sulfur, have a rather high tendency to segregation. Therefore, segregation defects in free-cutting steel continuously cast billets can be significantly developed. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the chemical composition of freecutting steel and casting technological parameters on the quality of the macrostructure of continuously cast billets. A metallographic assessment of the internal structure of cast metal made of free-cutting steel and data processing by application of correlation and regression analysis were the research methods. The array of production data of 43 heats of free-cutting steel of grade A12 was studied. Steel casting on a five-strand radial type continuous casting machine was carried out by various methods of metal pouring from tundish into the molds. Metal of 19 heats was poured with an open stream, and 24 heats – by a closed stream through submerged nozzles with a vertical hole. High-quality billets had a cross-sectional size of 150×150 mm. The macrostructure of high-quality square billets made of free-cutting steel of A12 grade is characterized by the presence of central porosity, axial segregation and peripheral point contamination, the degree of development of which was in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 points, segregation cracks and strips – about 1.0 points. In the course of casting with an open stream, almost all of these defects are more developed comparing with the casting by a closed stream. As a result of correlation and regression analysis, linear dependences of the development degree of segregation cracks and strips both axial and angular on the sulfur content in steel and on the ratio of manganese content to sulfur content were established. The degree of these defects development increases with growing of sulfur content in steel of A12 grade. These defects had especially strong development when sulfur content in steel was of more than 0.10%. To improve the quality of cast metal, it is necessary to have the ratio of the manganese content to the sulfur content in the metal more than eight.

Experience of clinical testing of personal telemedicine system ‘Obereg’ for remote monitoring of patients in intensive care units

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Eryomenko ◽  
N. V. Rostunova ◽  
S. A. Budagyan ◽  
V. V. Stets
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Transportation Of Patients ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Telemedicine System ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Hospital Equipment

The experience of clinical testing of the personal telemedicine system ‘Obereg’ for remote monitoring of patients at the intensive care units of leading Russian clinics is described. The high quality of communication with the remote receiving devices of doctors, the accuracy of measurements, resistance to interference from various hospital equipment and the absence of its own impact on such equipment were confirmed. There are significant advantages compared to stationary patient monitors, in particular, for intra and out-of-hospital transportation of patients.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF VISUALIZATION OF CORONARY ARTERIES WITH TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Z. A. Agaeva ◽  
K. B. Baghdasaryan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Anatomic Reconstruction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Acoustic Window ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The transthoracic echocardiography made by multifrequency probes with support of the mode of the second harmonic imaging, is a competitive method for visualization of the main coronary arteries and allows to estimate coronary blood flow with high quality. Of course, the method has considerable restrictions, most important of which is the low spatial resolution of a method, due to small acoustic window. Because of this the transthoracic visualization of coronary arteries perhaps will not become the leading method of anatomic reconstruction of separately taken coronary artery and especially all coronary arteries system. However uniqueness and indisputable advantage of this method is an opportunity to noninvasively estimate a coronary blood flow both once, and in dynamics.

Estimates on poverty in Russia and the additional measures to reduce it at the regional level

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociological Studies

Subject. This article deals with the issues of social justice and a high quality of life, creating favorable economic and social conditions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the rate and changes in poverty in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan and develop complementary measures to reduce it. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, economic and statistical analyses, the results of sociological studies, and official statistics. Results. The article highlights additional measures to reduce poverty in the region, including the establishment of a minimum social standard of living in each particular region that determines the poverty rate. Conclusions. Various factors, such as economic sanctions, economic slowdowns, territorial and regional imbalances, lead to living standards decline and poverty rise.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document