A Numerical and Experimental Study of Kick Dynamics at Downhole

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakibul Islam ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Ramchandran Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Gas Kick ◽  
Dynamic Numerical Simulation

The early detection of a kick and mitigation with appropriate well control actions can minimize the risk of a blowout. This paper proposes a downhole monitoring system, and presents a dynamic numerical simulation of a compressible two-phase flow to study the kick dynamics at downhole during drilling operation. This approach enables early kick detection and could lead to the development of potential blowout prevention strategies. A pressure cell that mimics a scaled-down version of a downhole is used to study the dynamics of a compressible two-phase flow. The setup is simulated under boundary conditions that resemble realistic scenarios; special attention is given to the transient period after injecting the influx. The main parameters studied include pressure gradient, raising speed of a gas kick, and volumetric behavior of the gas kick with respect to time. Simulation results exhibit a sudden increase of pressure while the kick enters and volumetric expansion of gas as it flows upward. This improved understanding helps to develop effective well control and blowout prevention strategies. This study confirms the feasibility and usability of an intelligent drill pipe as a tool to monitor well conditions and develop blowout risk management strategies.

Characteristics of Air-Oil Two-Phase Flow Across a Sudden Expansion

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Ahmed ◽  
C. Y. Ching ◽  
M. Shoukri
Keyword(s):  
Void Fraction ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Pressure Recovery ◽  
Sudden Expansion ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Dynamic Head ◽  
Experimental Pressure

The pressure recovery and void fraction change of air-oil two-phase flow across a sudden expansion has been investigated experimentally over a range of flow conditions. The pressure upstream and downstream of a half-inch to one-inch sudden expansion was measured using a series of pressure taps, and capacitance sensors were used to measure the void fraction along the test section. The void fraction increases as the flow approaches the sudden expansion section, with a sudden increase immediately downstream of the expansion followed by a gradual relaxation to the fully developed value further downstream. The normalized pressure recovery coefficient using the dynamic head based on the homogeneous density and two-phase velocity is found to collapse when plotted as a function of the mass quality. The experimental pressure recovery data are compared with predictions from existing models, and are found to be in good agreement with the Delhaye model with the void fraction relation of Wallis.

Dynamic gas kick regulation through control reconfiguration under MPD scenario – Two-phase flow validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 806-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Veloso Patrício ◽  
GabrielleFontella de Moraes Oliveira ◽  
Mateus Azevedo Dalbone de Carvalho ◽  
André Leibsohn Martins ◽  
Lindoval Domiciano Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Gas Kick ◽  
Control Reconfiguration

Numerical Simulation for Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow along the Borehole after Air Cutting

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 1414-1417
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Sun ◽  
Jun Bo Qu ◽  
Tie Yan ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Hole Pressure ◽  
Bottom Hole Pressure ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Gas Kick ◽  
Variation Characteristics

When gas kick Occurs during drilling, because of pressure, temperature, coefficient of gas compressibility and other parameters changing continuously, gas will slip along the borehole and also accompany expansion some extent, and bottom hole differential pressure increases, resulting in the amount of invasion gas increasing continuously until blowout. The procedure of gas kick till blowout in the borehole is transient gas-liquid two-phase flow, studying on The development of gas-liquid two-phase flow parameters variation characteristics and bottom hole pressure variation characteristics plays an significant role to understand blowout occurrence and development characteristics. This paper using methane-mud as the circulating medium simulates the procedure of gas kick till blowout near the bottom under the condition which is almost the onsite drilling process, Analyzing the flow pattern, bottom hole pressure variation characteristics, and velocity distribution under the different stages of gas kick, different influx, and obtained an initial understanding.

Development of a transient non-isothermal two-phase flow model for gas kick simulation in HTHP deep well drilling

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 1055-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengming Xu ◽  
Xianzhi Song ◽  
Gensheng Li ◽  
Kan Wu ◽  
Zhaoyu Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Model ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Gas Kick

scholarly journals Modelling of Transient CO2/Water Flow in Wellbore considering Multiple Mass and Heat Transfer

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xinxin Zhao ◽  
Xiangzhen Yan ◽  
Xiaohui Sun ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Hongwei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Gas Kick ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Mass And Heat Transfer

A transient fully coupled model is proposed to investigate the two-phase flow of CO2 and water-based fluid in a wellbore, considering the complex mass and heat transfer in different flow patterns and dynamic coupling between the wellbore and reservoir. Based on mass conservation, momentum, and energy balance, the model employs a state-of-the-art equation of state and transport models to analyze the variations of multiphase flow behaviors and CO2 properties in a wellbore. Applied in the scenario of a drilled gas kick, the proposed model is used to simulate the processes of gas migration and two-phase flow in the wellbore. The results indicate that the CO2 solubility increases gradually with the increment of depth, the trend of which shows an abrupt change in 500-1000 m due to the phase transition of CO2. During kick development, the fronts of free gas and dissolved gas increase almost linearly with time. Through a comparison of CO2 and CH4 kicks, gas dissolution is found to significantly suppress the development process of CO2 kick. The error in kick prediction can reach 42% if the effect of gas dissolution is neglected. However, it can be neglected for CH4 kick.

Application of Machine Learning Classification Algorithms for Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flow Regime Identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Manikonda ◽  
Abu Rashid Hasan ◽  
Chinemerem Edmond Obi ◽  
Raka Islam ◽  
Ahmad Khalaf Sleiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Flow Regime Identification

Abstract This research aims to identify the best machine learning (ML) classification techniques for classifying the flow regimes in vertical gas-liquid two-phase flow. Two-phase flow regime identification is crucial for many operations in the oil and gas industry. Processes such as flow assurance, well control, and production rely heavily on accurate identification of flow regimes for their respective systems' smooth functioning. The primary motivation for the proposed ML classification algorithm selection processes was drilling and well control applications in Deepwater wells. The process started with vertical two-phase flow data collection from literature and two different flow loops. One, a 140 ft. tall vertical flow loop with a centralized inner metal pipe and a larger outer acrylic pipe. Second, an 18-ft long flow loop, also with a centralized, inner metal drill pipe. After extensive experimental and historical data collection, supervised and unsupervised ML classification models such as Multi-class Support vector machine (MCSVM), K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier (KNN), K-means clustering, and hierarchical clustering were fit on the datasets to separate the different flow regions. The next step was fine-tuning the models' parameters and kernels. The last step was to compare the different combinations of models and refining techniques for the best prediction accuracy and the least variance. Among the different models and combinations with refining techniques, the 5- fold cross-validated KNN algorithm, with 37 neighbors, gave the optimal solution with a 98% classification accuracy on the test data. The KNN model distinguished five major, distinct flow regions for the dataset and a few minor regions. These five regions were bubbly flow, slug flow, churn flow, annular flow, and intermittent flow. The KNN-generated flow regime maps matched well with those presented by Hasan and Kabir (2018). The MCSVM model produced visually similar flow maps to KNN but significantly underperformed them in prediction accuracy. The MCSVM training errors ranged between 50% - 60% at normal parameter values and costs but went up to 99% at abnormally high values. However, their prediction accuracy was below 50% even at these highly overfitted conditions. In unsupervised models, both clustering techniques pointed to an optimal cluster number between 10 and 15, consistent with the 14 we have in the dataset. Within the context of gas kicks and well control, a well-trained, reliable two-phase flow region classification algorithm offers many advantages. When trained with well-specific data, it can act as a black box for flow regime identification and subsequent well-control measure decisions for the well. Further advancements with more robust statistical training techniques can render these algorithms as a basis for well-control measures in drilling automation software. On a broader scale, these classification techniques have many applications in flow assurance, production, and any other area with gas-liquid two-phase flow.

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