Transfer Function Analysis of Constrained, Distributed Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting Beam Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin An Tan ◽  
Shahram Amoozegar ◽  
Heather L. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
System Response ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Transfer Function Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Constraints

This paper presents a novel formulation and exact solution of the frequency response function (FRF) of vibration energy harvesting beam systems by the distributed transfer function method (TFM). The method is applicable for coupled electromechanical systems with nonproportional damping, intermediate constraints, and nonclassical boundary conditions, for which the system transfer functions are either very difficult or cumbersome to obtain using available methods. Such systems may offer new opportunities for optimized designs of energy harvesters via parameter tuning. The proposed formulation is also systematic and amenable to algorithmic numerical coding, allowing the system response and its derivatives to be computed by only simple modifications of the parameters in the system operators for different boundary conditions and the incorporation of feedback control principles. Examples of piezoelectric energy harvesters with nonclassical boundary conditions and intermediate constraints are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method and its use as a design tool for vibration energy harvesters via tuning of system parameters. The results can also be used to provide benchmarks for assessing the accuracies of approximate techniques.

Transfer Function Modeling of Distributed Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin An Tan ◽  
Heather L. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
System Response ◽  
Distributed Parameter ◽  
Domain Modeling ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Adjoint Systems ◽  
The Stability

Extensive research has been conducted on vibration energy harvesting utilizing a distributed piezoelectric beam structure. A fundamental issue in the design of these harvesters is the understanding of the response of the beam to arbitrary external excitations (boundary excitations in most models). The modal analysis method has been the primary tool for evaluating the system response. However, a change in the model boundary conditions requires a reevaluation of the eigenfunctions in the series and information of higher-order dynamics may be lost in the truncation. In this paper, a frequency domain modeling approach based in the system transfer functions is proposed. The transfer function of a distributed parameter system contains all of the information required to predict the system spectrum, the system response under any initial and external disturbances, and the stability of the system response. The methodology proposed in this paper is valid for both self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint systems, and is useful for numerical computer coding and energy harvester design investigations. Examples will be discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for designs of vibration energy harvesters.

scholarly journals FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY SCAVENGER BASED ON PZT THIN FILM

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib ◽  
Nur Wafa Asyiqin Zulfakher ◽  
Rosminazuin Ab Rahim ◽  
Nor Farahidah Za'bah ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The World

Vibration energy harvesting has been progressively developed in the advancement of technology and widely used by a lot of researchers around the world. There is a very high demand for energy scavenging around the world due to it being cheaper in price, possibly miniaturized within a system, long lasting, and environmentally friendly. The conventional battery is hazardous to the environment and has a shorter operating lifespan. Therefore, ambient vibration energy serves as an alternative that can replace the battery because it can be integrated and compatible to micro-electromechanical systems. This paper presents the design and analysis of a MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester, which is a vibration energy harvesting type. The energy harvester was formed using Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) as the piezoelectric thin film, silicon as the substrate layer and structural steel as the electrode layer. The resonance frequency will provide the maximum output power, maximum output voltage and maximum displacement of vibration. The operating mode also plays an important role to generate larger output voltage with less displacement of cantilever. Some designs also have been studied by varying height and length of piezoelectric materials. Hence, this project will demonstrate the simulation of a MEMS piezoelectric device for a low power electronic performance. Simulation results show PZT-5A piezoelectric energy with a length of 31 mm and height of 0.16 mm generates maximum output voltage of 7.435 V and maximum output power of 2.30 mW at the resonance frequency of 40 Hz. ABSTRAK: Penuaian tenaga getaran telah berkembang secara pesat dalam kemajuan teknologi dan telah digunakan secara meluas oleh ramai penyelidik di seluruh dunia. Terdapat permintaan yang sangat tinggi di seluruh dunia terhadap penuaian tenaga kerana harganya yang lebih murah, bersaiz kecil dalam satu sistem, tahan lama dan mesra alam. Manakala, bateri konvensional adalah berbahaya bagi alam sekitar dan mempunyai jangka hayat yang lebih pendek. Oleh itu, getaran tenaga dari persekitaran lebih sesuai sebagai alternatif kepada bateri kerana ia mudah diintegrasikan dan serasi dengan sistem mikroelektromekanikal. Kertas kerja ini  membentangkan reka bentuk dan analisis tenaga piezoelektrik MEMS iaitu salah satu jenis penuaian tenaga getaran. Penuai tenaga ini dibentuk menggunakan Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) sebagai lapisan filem tipis piezoelektrik, silikon sebagai lapisan substrat dan keluli struktur sebagai lapisan elektrod. Frekuensi resonans akan memberikan hasil tenaga maksima, voltan tenaga maksima dan getaran jarak maksima. Mod pengendalian juga memainkan peranan penting bagi menghasilkan tenaga yang lebih besar. Reka bentuk yang mempunyai ketinggian dan panjang berlainan juga telah diuji dengan menggunakan bahan piezoelektrik yang sama. Oleh itu, projek ini akan menghasilkan simulasi piezoelektrik MEMS yang sesuai digunakan bagi alat elektronik berkuasa rendah. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan dengan panjang 31 mm dan ketinggian 0.16 mm, piezoelektrik PZT ini menghasilkan voltan maksima sebanyak 7.435 V dan tenaga output maksima 2.30 mW pada frekuensi resonans 40 Hz.

On Mathematical Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Qing Shang ◽  
Hong Bing Wang ◽  
Chun Hua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

Energy harvesting system has become one of important areas of ​​research and develops rapidly. How to improve the performance of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is a key issue in engineering applications. There are many literature on piezoelectric energy harvesting. The paper places focus on summarizing these literature of mathematical modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesting, ranging from the linear to nonlinear, from early a single mechanical degree to piezoaeroelastic problems.

Energy Harvesting Performance of Vertically Staggered Rectangle-Through-Holes Cantilevered in Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Gao ◽  
Hongrui Ao ◽  
Hongyuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
High Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

Abstract Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technology has attracted significant attention for its applications in integrated circuits, microelectronic devices and wireless sensors due to high power density, easy integration, simple configuration and other outstanding features. Among piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting structures, cantilevered beam is one of the simplest and most commonly used structures. In this work, a vertically staggered rectangle-through-holes (VS-RTH) cantilevered model of mesoscale piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed, which focuses on the multi-directional vibration collection and low resonant frequency. To verify the output performances of the device, this paper employs basic materials and fabrication methods with mathematical modeling. The simulations are conducted through finite element methods to discuss the properties of VS-RTH energy harvester on resonant frequency and output characteristics. Besides, an energy storage circuit with high power collection rate is adopted as collection system. This harvester is beneficial to the further application of devices working with continuous vibrations and low power requirements.

Modeling and Analysis of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting With Dynamic Plucking Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlei Fu ◽  
Wei-Hsin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam

Nonharmonic excitations are widely distributed in the environment. They can work as energy sources of vibration energy harvesters for powering wireless electronics. To overcome the narrow bandwidth of linear vibration energy harvesters, plucking piezoelectric energy harvesters have been designed. Plucking piezoelectric energy harvesters can convert sporadic motions into plucking force to excite vibration energy harvesters and achieve broadband performances. Though different kinds of plucking piezoelectric energy harvesters have been designed, the plucking mechanism is not well understood. The simplified models of plucking piezoelectric energy harvesting neglect the dynamic interaction between the plectrum and the piezoelectric beam. This research work is aimed at investigating the plucking mechanism and developing a comprehensive model of plucking piezoelectric energy harvesting. In this paper, the dynamic plucking mechanism is investigated and the Hertzian contact theory is applied. The developed model of plucking piezoelectric energy harvesting accounts for the dynamic interaction between the plectrum and the piezoelectric beam by considering contact theory. Experimental results show that the developed model well predicts the responses of plucking piezoelectric energy harvesters under different plucking velocities and overlap lengths. Parametric studies are conducted on the dimensionless model after choosing appropriate scaling. The influences of plucking velocity and overlap length on energy harvesting performance and energy conversion efficiency are discussed. The comprehensive model helps investigate the characteristics and guide the design of plucking piezoelectric energy harvesters.

scholarly journals Improving functionality of vibration energy harvesters using magnets

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1433-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Tang ◽  
Yaowen Yang ◽  
Chee-Kiong Soh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Transition Region ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration

In recent years, several strategies have been proposed to improve the functionality of energy harvesters under broadband vibrations, but they only improve the efficiency of energy harvesting under limited conditions. In this work, a comprehensive experimental study is conducted to investigate the use of magnets for improving the functionality of energy harvesters under various vibration scenarios. First, the nonlinearities introduced by magnets are exploited to improve the performance of vibration energy harvesting. Both monostable and bistable configurations are investigated under sinusoidal and random vibrations with various excitation levels. The optimal nonlinear configuration (in terms of distance between magnets) is determined to be near the monostable-to-bistable transition region. Results show that both monostable and bistable nonlinear configurations can significantly outperform the linear harvester near this transition region. Second, for ultra-low-frequency vibration scenarios such as wave heave motions, a frequency up-conversion mechanism using magnets is proposed. By parametric study, the repulsive configuration of magnets is found preferable in the frequency up-conversion technique, which is efficient and insensitive to various wave conditions when the magnets are placed sufficiently close. These findings could serve as useful design guidelines when nonlinearity or frequency up-conversion techniques are employed to improve the functionality of vibration energy harvesters.

scholarly journals Topology Optimisation for High Frequency Vibration Energy Harvesting

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Condition Based Maintenance ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Topology Optimisation ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Maintenance Systems

Abstract. Topology optimisation has been used to design a piezoelectric energy harvester capable of harvesting the vibration present on a helicopter gearbox. The gearbox vibrations, with frequencies in the kilo-hertz range and having amplitudes of 10-100g (where g = 9.81 m/s2), are generated by gear-meshing within the transmission. These accelerations, large in amplitude and high in frequency, are ideal sources for vibration energy harvesting, with the harvested power potentially used to power autonomous condition-based-maintenance systems. This paper will discuss the first and simplest of the harvesters that were designed and manufactured, i.e. a 0.51 mm thick spring steel cantilever that uses a Pz27 piezoceramic transducer, which is sensitive to 1900 Hz gearbox vibrations and can produce 300 µW from a 2g host acceleration.

Piezoelectric energy harvesting experiments under combined aerodynamic and base excitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2095253
Author(s):  
Antiopi-Malvina Stamatellou ◽  
Anestis I Kalfas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Fast Fourier Transformation ◽  
Centrifugal Fan ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

The behavior of film-type piezoelectric energy harvesters under simultaneous aerodynamic and base excitation was experimentally investigated. Two flutter type piezoelectric film transducers (LDT0-028K and LDT1-028K) were excited with the 31 excitation mode. The aerodynamic excitation was produced by a centrifugal fan. The base excitation was produced by a cone speaker driven by sinusoidal voltage waveforms in the frequency range of 20 to 250 Hz. This frequency range includes the two transducers’ resonant frequencies. The voltage output of the harvesters was monitored by an oscilloscope and the base excitation was monitored with acceleration measurements. The measured output voltage signals were analyzed by Fast Fourier Transformation. The tip deflection of the piezo-films was monitored with long exposure photography. Harvesting power output was estimated by simple calculations. The results are discussed aiming to support the optimal design of vibration energy harvesting layouts with piezoelectric transducers. To this end, information was extracted about the exploitable bandwidth of piezoelectric films.

scholarly journals A Review of Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting with Magnetic Coupling Based on Different Structural Characteristics

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Junxiang Jiang ◽  
Shaogang Liu ◽  
Lifeng Feng ◽  
Dan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Magnetic Coupling ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Energy Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technologies have attracted a lot of attention in recent decades, and the harvesters have been applied successfully in various fields, such as buildings, biomechanical and human motions. One important challenge is that the narrow frequency bandwidth of linear energy harvesting is inadequate to adapt the ambient vibrations, which are often random and broadband. Therefore, researchers have concentrated on developing efficient energy harvesters to realize broadband energy harvesting and improve energy-harvesting efficiency. Particularly, among these approaches, different types of energy harvesters adopting magnetic force have been designed with nonlinear characteristics for effective energy harvesting. This paper aims to review the main piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technologies with magnetic coupling, and determine the potential benefits of magnetic force on energy-harvesting techniques. They are classified into five categories according to their different structural characteristics: monostable, bistable, multistable, magnetic plucking, and hybrid piezoelectric–electromagnetic energy harvesters. The operating principles and representative designs of each type are provided. Finally, a summary of practical applications is also shown. This review contributes to the widespread understanding of the role of magnetic force on piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting. It also provides a meaningful perspective on designing piezoelectric harvesters for improving energy-harvesting efficiency.

scholarly journals Vehicle Sensor Self-Powered Technology Research Based on Piezoelectric

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Sang Ying-Jun ◽  
Wu Shangguang ◽  
Li Man ◽  
Gao Yang ◽  
Li Haoxiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Vehicle Sensor

As a result of the electric vehicles popularity and the development of vehicles intelligent, the number of vehicle sensors surge, meanwhile, many defects of traditional energy supply are increasingly prominent, such as pollution and maintenance difficulties. Taking into account the vehicle vibration exist everywhere, we use the piezoelectric technology to collect vibration energy, and designs a piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting system to be used to solve the energy problem of micro-power sensor. In this paper, the system structure and the theoretical model are analyzed, and the mathematical model of the system vibration frequency and the piezoelectric output have been put forward, then a piezoelectric energy harvesting device is designed on the basis of simulation analysis. Experiments have been done to test the performance of its power generation in the case of resonance. The results showed that the theoretical model proposed in this paper can be a good predictor of the output characteristics of the system. As the resonance frequency is 16.5 Hz, acceleration is 0.5g, the maximum open circuit voltage of the system obtained is 3.5 volts, the optimum load resistance is 425kΩ, and the vibration energy collection device maximum load power is 14 uW. Conclusion: Greater energy could be caught to meet the vehicle sensor power supply needs with the use of super capacitor.

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