Concentrating and Nonconcentrating Slurry and Fixed-Bed Solar Reactors for the Degradation of Herbicide Isoproturon

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Verma ◽  
N. Tejo Prakash ◽  
Amrit Pal Toor ◽  
Palak Bansal ◽  
Vikas Kumar Sangal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Immobilized Catalyst ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Solar Reactors

This research demonstrates scale-up studies with the development of concentrating and nonconcentrating solar reactors employing suspended and supported TiO2 for the degradation of herbicide isoproturon (IPU) with total working volume of 6 L. Novel cement beads were used as support material for fixing the catalyst particles. In the case of nonconcentrating slurry reactor, 85% degradation of IPU was achieved after 3 h of treatment with four number of catalyst recycling, whereas nonconcentrating fixed-bed reactor using TiO2 immobilized cement beads took relatively more time (10 h) for the degradation of IPU (65%) due to mass transfer limitations, but it overcame the implication of catalyst filtration post-treatment. The immobilized catalyst was successfully recycled for ten times boosting its commercial applications. High photon flux with concentrating parabolic trough collector (PTC) using fixed catalysis approach with same immobilized catalyst substantially reduced the treatment time to 4 h for achieving 91% degradation of IPU. Working and execution of pilot-scale reactors are very fruitful to extend these results for a technology development with the present leads.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fixed-Bed Cultures with Immobilized Lactococcus Lactis ssp. Lactis on Different Scales

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Faschian ◽  
Ilyas Eren ◽  
Steven Minden ◽  
Ralf Pörtner
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fixed Beds ◽  
Pilot Scale Reactor

Fixed-bed processes, where cells are immobilized within macroporous carriers, are a promising alternative to processes with suspended cells. A scale-up concept is presented in order to evaluate the performance as part of process design of fixed-bed processes. Therefore,Lactococcus lactiscultivation in chemostat and batch mode was compared to fixed bed cultures on three different scales, the smallest being the downscaledMultifermwith 10 mL fixed bed units, the second a 100 mL fixed-bed reactor and the third a pilot scale reactor with 1 L fixed bed volume. As expected, the volume specific lactate productivity of all cultivations was dependent on dilution rate. In suspension chemostat culture a maximum of 2.3 g·L-1·h-1was reached. Due to cell retention in the fixed-beds, productivity increased up to 8.29 g·L-1·h-1at a dilution rate of D = 1.16 h-1(corresponding to 2.4·µmax) on pilot scale. For all fixed bed cultures a common spline was obtained indicating a good scale-up performance.

Design of a continuous flow immobilized-cell reactor for biosynthetical production of L-aspartic acid

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindřich Zahradník ◽  
Marie Fialová ◽  
Jan Škoda ◽  
Helena Škodová
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Immobilized Cell

An experimental study was carried out aimed at establishing a data base for an optimum design of a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor for biotransformation of ammonium fumarate to L-aspartic acid catalyzed by immobilized cells of the strain Escherichia alcalescens dispar group. The experimental program included studies of the effect of reactor geometry, catalytic particle size, and packed bed arrangement on reactor hydrodynamics and on the rate of substrate conversion. An expression for the effective reaction rate was derived including the effect of mass transfer and conditions of the safe conversion-data scale-up were defined. Suggestions for the design of a pilot plant reactor (100 t/year) were formulated and decisive design parameters of such reactor were estimated for several variants of problem formulation.

Application of Biofilm Kinetics to Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Gönenç ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

scholarly journals A Radial Flow Contactor for Ambient Air CO2 Capture

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Wim Brilman
Keyword(s):  
Radial Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Radial Flow Reactor ◽  
Continuous Application

Direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 can address CO2 emissions from distributed sources and produce CO2 from air virtually anywhere that it is needed. In this paper, the performance of a new radial flow reactor (RFR) for CO2 adsorption from ambient air is reported. The reactor uses a supported amine sorbent and is operated in a batch mode of operation or semi-continuously, respectively without or with sorbent circulation. The radial flow reactor, containing 2 kg of the adsorbent, is successfully scaled up from the experimental results obtained with a fixed bed reactor using only 1 g of the adsorbent. In the batch operation mode, the sorbent in the annular space of the RFR is regenerated in situ. With sorbent circulation, the RFR is loaded and unloaded batchwise and only used as an adsorber. A sorbent batch loaded with CO2 is transported to and regenerated in an external (fluid bed) regenerator. The RFR unit is characterized by a low contacting energy (0.7–1.5 GJ/ton-CO2) and a relatively short adsorption time (24–43 min) compared to other DAC processes using the same types of sorbents. The contactor concept is ready for further scale-up and continuous application.

Modeling NOx Adsorption onto Fe/ZSM-5 Catalysts in a Fixed Bed Reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Cheng ◽  
Xiaotao T. Bi
Keyword(s):  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Axial Dispersion ◽  
No Oxidation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Nox Adsorption

Abstract A NOx adsorption kinetic model including NO oxidation and adsorption was developed. The NOx and O2 adsorption experimental data from a fixed bed were found to be fitted well to the Freundlich type isotherm. An axial dispersion adsorption model was then developed to simulate the breakthrough curve for NOx adsorption in the fixed bed. The model parameters including mass transfer coefficient and axial dispersion coefficient were fitted from the NOx breakthrough curves measured in a fixed bed. This model can be used for design and scale-up of fixed bed NOx adsorption columns. It can also be extended for the modeling of NOx adsorption in the annulus region of the circulating fluidized bed reactor for catalytic reduction of NOx.

Scale up and stability test for oxidative coupling of methane over Na2WO4-Mn/SiO2 catalyst in a 200 ml fixed-bed reactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Liu ◽  
Xiaolai Wang ◽  
Dexin Yang ◽  
Runxiong Gao ◽  
Zhonglai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Of Methane ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor

Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation Process for the Continuous Treatment of Polluted Effluents on a Pilot Plant Scale

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Martínez ◽  
M Isabel Pariente ◽  
Juan Antonio Melero ◽  
Juan Ángel Botas
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
Wet Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
Pilot Plant Scale ◽  
Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation

AbstractCatalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation (CWPO) for the continuous treatment of a phenolic aqueous solution has been studied on a pilot scale process. The pilot plant has been designed by integration of a catalytic fixed bed reactor (FBR) with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The CSTR is used as reservoir for the continuous delivering of a recirculation stream through the catalytic bed. The main part of phenol mineralization takes place by catalytic oxidation in the FBR. The mesoporous SBA-15 silica-supported iron oxide (Fe

scholarly journals Effective removal of paracetamol in compound parabolic collectors and fixed bed reactors under natural sunlight

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 2460-2471
Author(s):  
N. Chekir ◽  
D. Tassalit ◽  
O. Benhabiles ◽  
N. Sahraoui ◽  
M. Mellal
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Immobilized Catalyst ◽  
Effective Removal

Abstract Removal of persistent organic pollutants from water is quite challenging using biological treatment processes in waste water treatment plants. In order to improve the wastewater treatment quality for water reuse, many techniques are developed and the most commonly used is heterogeneous photocatalysis. This work studies the degradation of paracetamol (PAR), which is one of the most persistent pharmaceutical drugs in water, and widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug in Algeria. The paracetamol degradation has been carried out via heterogeneous photocatalysis, in a suspended solution of catalyst using a Compound Parabolic Collectors (CPC) reactor and in a fixed bed with immobilized catalyst under natural solar radiation. The degradation performance has been studied under various parameters such as substrate concentration and pH of solution. The degradation efficiency decreased when the initial paracetamol concentration increased from 2.5 mg/L to 20 mg/L. In addition, the selected reactors were found to be competent for the paracetamol degradation with an almost 98–99% removal of PAR. For the CPC reactor with suspended TiO2, the paracetamol elimination reached 98% after 300 min; however, for the fixed-bed reactor, TiO2 immobilized on cellulose-based paper was utilized, which yielded an almost 99% reduction in the PAR concentration after 90 min only of solar irradiation.

Coking behavior of a submicron MFI catalyst during ethanol dehydration to ethylene in a pilot-scale fixed-bed reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 393 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Man Luo ◽  
Wende Xiao ◽  
Xiaowei Cheng ◽  
Yingcai Long
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration
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