Development of Reliable NARX Models of Gas Turbine Cold, Warm, and Hot Start-Up

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Bahlawan ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina ◽  
Mauro Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Generalization Capability ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Performance Function ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Hot Start ◽  
Narx Models ◽  
Model Training ◽  
Rapid Transients ◽  
Nonlinear Autoregressive

This paper documents the setup and validation of nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) models of a heavy-duty single-shaft gas turbine (GT). The data used for model training are time series datasets of several different maneuvers taken experimentally on a GT General Electric PG 9351FA during the start-up procedure and refer to cold, warm, and hot start-up. The trained NARX models are used to predict other experimental datasets, and comparisons are made among the outputs of the models and the corresponding measured data. Therefore, this paper addresses the challenge of setting up robust and reliable NARX models, by means of a sound selection of training datasets and a sensitivity analysis on the number of neurons. Moreover, a new performance function for the training process is defined to weigh more the most rapid transients. The final aim of this paper is the setup of a powerful, easy-to-build and very accurate simulation tool, which can be used for both control logic tuning and GT diagnostics, characterized by good generalization capability.

Development of Reliable NARX Models of Gas Turbine Cold, Warm and Hot Start-Up

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Bahlawan ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina ◽  
Mauro Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Hot Start ◽  
Narx Models ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Rapid Transients

This paper documents the set-up and validation of nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) models of a heavy-duty single-shaft gas turbine. The considered gas turbine is a General Electric PG 9351FA located in Italy. The data used for model training are time series data sets of several different maneuvers taken experimentally during the start-up procedure and refer to cold, warm and hot start-up. The trained NARX models are used to predict other experimental data sets and comparisons are made among the outputs of the models and the corresponding measured data. Therefore, this paper addresses the challenge of setting up robust and reliable NARX models, by means of a sound selection of training data sets and a sensitivity analysis on the number of neurons. Moreover, a new performance function for the training process is defined to weigh more the most rapid transients. The final aim of this paper is the set-up of a powerful, easy-to-build and very accurate simulation tool which can be used for both control logic tuning and gas turbine diagnostics, characterized by good generalization capability.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of the Start-Up Operation of a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine by Using NARX Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Asgari ◽  
XiaoQi Chen ◽  
Raazesh Sainudiin ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Narx Models ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Nonlinear Autoregressive

In this study, nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) models of a heavy-duty single-shaft gas turbine (GT) are developed and validated. The GT is a power plant gas turbine (General Electric PG 9351FA) located in Italy. The data used for model development are three time series data sets of two different maneuvers taken experimentally during the start-up procedure. The resulting NARX models are applied to three other experimental data sets and comparisons are made among four significant outputs of the models and the corresponding measured data. The results show that NARX models are capable of satisfactory prediction of the GT behavior and can capture system dynamics during start-up operation.

scholarly journals TGSim Plus™—Real-Time Dynamic Simulation Suite of Gas Turbine Systems for the MATLAB®/Simulink® Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Attilio Brighenti ◽  
Davide Duranti ◽  
Debora Quintabà
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Start Up

Dynamic simulation of turbomachinery by Hardware in the Loop (HIL) real-time systems has become an essential practice, due to the high cost of real equipment testing and the need to verify the control and diagnostic systems’ reaction to emergency situations. The authors developed a full model of a power generation Gas Turbine Plant, including liquid and gaseous auxiliaries, and the electrical generator and starter motor, integrated in a MATLAB®/Simulink® simulation suite: TGSim Plus™. This allows assembling models of various gas turbine (GT) architectures by customised Simulink® library blocks and simulating steady state and transient conditions, such as complete start-up and shutdown operations as well as emergency, contingent operations and artificially injected fault scenarios. The model solver runs real-time steps at milliseconds scale. The paper describes the main modelling characteristics and typical results of steady state and transient simulations of a heavy-duty gas turbine under development by Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction (Changwon, South Korea). Comparison with benchmark design simulations obtained by a reference non real-time software shows a good match between the two environments, duly taking into account some differences in the GT models setting affecting parts of the sequence. The paper discusses also the bleed streams warm-up influence on GT performance and the start-up states trajectories dependency on control logic and on the starter helper motor torque envelope.

scholarly journals NARX models for simulation of the start-up operation of a single-shaft gas turbine

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 368-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Asgari ◽  
XiaoQi Chen ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Raazesh Sainudiin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Narx Models

Staged Premix EV Combustion in Alstom’s GT24 Gas Turbine Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Guyot ◽  
Thiemo Meeuwissen ◽  
Dieter Rebhan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Diffusion Type ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Ev Burner

Reducing gas turbine emissions and increasing their operational flexibility are key targets in today’s gas turbine market. In order to further reduce emissions and increase the operational flexibility of its GT24, Alstom has introduced an internally staged premix system into the GT24’s EV combustor. This system features a rich premix mode for GT start-up and a lean premix mode for GT loading and baseload operation. The fuel gas is injected through two premix stages, one injecting fuel into the burner air slots and one injecting fuel into the centre of the burner cone. Both premix stages are in continuous operation throughout the entire operating range, i.e. from ignition to baseload, thus eliminating the previously used pilot operation during start-up with its diffusion-type flame and high levels of NOx formation. The staged EV combustion concept is today a standard on the current GT26 and GT24. The EV burners of the GT26 are identical to the GT24 and fully retrofittable into existing GT24 engines. Furthermore, engines operating only on fuel gas (i.e. no fuel oil operation) no longer require a nitrogen purge and blocking air system so that this system can be disconnected from the GT. Only minor changes to the existing GT24 EV combustor and fuel distribution system are required. This paper presents validation results for the staged EV burner obtained in a single burner test rig at full engine pressure, and in a GT24 field engine, which had been upgraded with the staged EV burner technology in order to reduce emissions and extend the combustor’s operational behavior.

Dynamic Simulation of a HRSG System for a Given Start-Up/Shut Down Curve

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hun Cha ◽  
Yoo Seok Song ◽  
Kyu Jong Kim ◽  
Jung Rae Kim ◽  
Sung Min KIM
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Fuel Flow Rate ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Main Steam ◽  
Duct Burner

An inappropriate design of HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) may lead to mechanical problems including the fatigue failure caused by rapid load change such as operating trip, start-up or shut down. The performance of HRSG with dynamic analysis should be investigated in case of start-up or shutdown. In this study, dynamic analysis for the HRSG system was carried out by commercial software. The HRSG system was modeled with HP, IP, LP evaporator, duct burner, superheater, reheater and economizer. The main variables for the analysis were the temperature and mass flow rate from gas turbine and fuel flow rate of duct burner for given start-up (cold/warm/hot) and shutdown curve. The results showed that the exhaust gas condition of gas turbine and fuel flow rate of duct burner were main factors controlling the performance of HRSG such as flow rate and temperature of main steam from final superheater and pressure of HP drum. The time delay at the change of steam temperature between gas turbine exhaust gas and HP steam was within 2 minutes at any analysis cases.

Experimental Study of a 200 kW Partial Oxidation Gas Turbine (POGT) for Co-Production of Power and Hydrogen-Enriched Fuel Gas

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Rabovitser ◽  
Stan Wohadlo ◽  
John M. Pratapas ◽  
Serguei Nester ◽  
Mehmet Tartan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Oxidation Reactor

Paper presents the results from development and successful testing of a 200 kW POGT prototype. There are two major design features that distinguish POGT from a conventional gas turbine: a POGT utilizes a partial oxidation reactor (POR) in place of a conventional combustor which leads to a much smaller compressor requirement versus comparably rated conventional gas turbine. From a thermodynamic perspective, the working fluid provided by the POR has higher specific heat than lean combustion products enabling the POGT expander to extract more energy per unit mass of fluid. The POGT exhaust is actually a secondary fuel gas that can be combusted in different bottoming cycles or used as synthesis gas for hydrogen or other chemicals production. Conversion steps for modifying a 200 kW radial turbine to POGT duty are described including: utilization of the existing (unmodified) expander; replacement of the combustor with a POR unit; introduction of steam for cooling of the internal turbine structure; and installation of a bypass air port for bleeding excess air from the compressor discharge because of 45% reduction in combustion air requirements. The engine controls that were re-configured for start-up and operation are reviewed including automation of POGT start-up and loading during light-off at lean condition, transition from lean to rich combustion during acceleration, speed control and stabilization under rich operation. Changes were implemented in microprocessor-based controllers. The fully-integrated POGT unit was installed and operated in a dedicated test cell at GTI equipped with extensive process instrumentation and data acquisition systems. Results from a parametric experimental study of POGT operation for co-production of power and H2-enriched synthesis gas are provided.

scholarly journals Start-up and Self-sustain Test of 500 W Ultra-Micro Gas Turbine Generator

2013 ◽  
Vol 476 ◽  
pp. 012060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Min Seo ◽  
Jun Young Park ◽  
Bum Seog Choi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Start Up

scholarly journals Method of coordinating air starter and auxiliary power unit joint operation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Grigory Popov ◽  
◽  
Vasily Zubanov ◽  
Valeriy Matveev ◽  
Oleg Baturin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Joint Operation ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Auxiliary Power Unit ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Air Turbine

The presented work provides a detailed description of the method developed by the authors for coordinating the working process of the main elements of the starting system for a modern gas turbine engine for a civil aviation aircraft: an auxiliary power unit (APU) and an air turbine – starter. This technique was developed in the course of solving the practical problem of selecting the existing APU and air turbine for a newly created engine. The need to develop this method is due to the lack of recommendations on the coordination of the elements of the starting system in the available literature. The method is based on combining the characteristics of the APU and the turbine, reduced to a single coordinate system. The intersection of the characteristic’s lines corresponding to the same conditions indicates the possibility of joint operation of the specified elements. The lack of intersection indicates the impossibility of joint functioning. The calculation also takes into account losses in the air supply lines to the turbine. The use of the developed method makes it possible to assess the possibility of joint operation of the APU and the air turbine in any operating mode. In addition to checking the possibility of functioning, as a result of the calculation, specific parameters of the working process at the operating point are determined, which are then used as initial data in calculating the elements of the starting system, for example, determining the parameters of the turbine, which in turn allow providing initial information for calculating the starting time or the possibility of functioning of the starting system GTE according to strength and other criteria. The algorithm for calculating the start-up time of the gas turbine engine was also developed by the authors and implemented in the form of an original computer program. Keywords: gas turbine engine start-up, GTE starting system, air turbine, methodology, joint work, auxiliary power unit, power, start-up time, characteristics matching, coordination, operational characteristics, computer program.

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