scholarly journals Characterization and Corrections for Clamp-On Fluid Temperature Measurements in Turbulent Flows

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Nouri ◽  
Marc Röger ◽  
Nicole Janotte ◽  
Christoph Hilgert
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
Acceptance Testing ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Operation Conditions

A clamp-on measurement system for flexible and accurate fluid temperature measurements for turbulent flows with Reynolds numbers higher than 30,000 is presented in this paper. This noninvasive system can be deployed without interference with the fluid flow while delivering the high accuracies necessary for performance and acceptance testing for power plants in terms of measurement accuracy and position. The system is experimentally validated in the fluid flow of a solar thermal parabolic trough collector test bench, equipped with built-in sensors as reference. Its applicability under industrial conditions is demonstrated at the 50 MWel AndaSol-3 parabolic trough solar power plant in Spain. A function based on large experimental data correcting the temperature gradient between the measured clamp-on sensor and actual fluid temperature is developed, achieving an uncertainty below ±0.7 K (2σ) for fluid temperatures up to 400 °C. In addition, the experimental results are used to validate a numerical model. Based on the results of this model, a general dimensionless correction function for a wider range of application scenarios is derived. The clamp-on system, together with the dimensionless correction function, supports numerous combinations of fluids, pipe materials, insulations, geometries, and operation conditions and should be useful in a variety of industrial applications of the power and chemical industry where temporal noninvasive fluid temperature measurement is needed with good accuracy. The comparison of the general dimensionless correction function with measurement data indicates a measurement uncertainty below 1 K (2σ).

Integration Between Gas Turbines and Concentrated Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cipollone ◽  
Andrea Cinocca
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Solar Power Plants

Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Power plants (PT-CSP) technology has the capability to give, in the mean future, a strong contribution to the electrical energy generation. In the long term, inside a new framework of relationships concerning energy production, many aspects would justify a significant contribution to the phase out of fossil sources use. The paper concerns about a theoretical modeling aimed at improving the performances of CSP which approaches the energy generation from a system point of view. Thanks to it, the attention is focused on the use of gases as heat transfer fluid inside the solar receivers and on the possibility to use it as working fluid inside unconventional gas turbines for a direct electricity generation. The success of this concept is related to the possibility to increase the fluid temperature above the actual maximum values: this requires that the receiver efficiency has to be recalculated as a function of the fluid temperature. An innovative integration between the solar field and the gas turbine power plant, modified in order to maximize thermal energy conversion, is discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Potential Benefit of Using Nowcasting Systems to Improve the Yield of Parabolic Trough Power Plants with Single-Phase HTF

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Kareem Noureldin ◽  
Tobias Hirsch ◽  
Bijan Nouri ◽  
Zeyad Yasser ◽  
Robert Pitz-Paal
Keyword(s):  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Solar Field

Solar field developers include innovative solutions to optimize the energy production of their plants. Simulation tools play a significant role in the design and testing phases as they provide estimations of this yield in different conditions. Transient processes, like passing clouds and solar field start-up, are specifically challenging to optimize and estimate using such simulation tools. Solar fields are subject to high degree of both temporal and spatial variability in the energy input and a detailed estimation can be achieved by simulating subsystems within acceptable time and computational power. Hence, such simulation tools cannot be utilized for tests under realistic operation conditions. The Virtual Solar Field is a computationally efficient simulation tool that allows a detailed transient simulation of parabolic trough solar fields based on single-phase fluids. Using this tool, developers could reproduce a transient test case with exactly the same disturbances to provide fair comparisons between different configurations. In this paper, an evaluation process based on numerical simulations using the Virtual Solar Field is presented. The economic benefit of novel innovative control concepts can be assessed according to the presented scheme. This is demonstrated by evaluating the potential benefit of availability of spatial DNI nowcasts on the control of parabolic trough solar fields. Results show that nowcasting can increase the economic revenue of commercial power plants by up to 2.5% per day. This proves the feasibility of installing such systems.

scholarly journals The efficiency of steam production by the Parabolic Trough Collector PTC with the use of nanofluids in the region of Ouargla

2021 ◽  
Vol 1204 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Intissar Achouri ◽  
Mouhamed Elbar Soudani ◽  
Tlili Salah
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Parabolic Trough Collector ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power Plants

Abstract Concentrated solar power plants (CSP) contribute to global production (at present) with a capacity of 400 MW, and by 2020 they will reach approximately 20 GW, then nearly 800 GW by 2050, This will prevent the emission of 32 million tons of CO2 annually in 2020, and rise to 1.2 billion tons in 2050, according to the International Greenpeace “Solar Thermal Electricity” 2016 report. Among all the concentrated solar power (CSP) technology available to date, Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) is the most promising, cost-effective, and efficient solution to generating electrical power, as PTC plants contribute in terms of global production capacity by 73.58% of the overall capacity of concentrated solar power plants (CSP). PTC stations in the production of electricity depend on the generation of hot and pressurized steam that rotates the turbines and to increase the effectiveness of PTC in the production of steam, we use in this study nanofluids by adding copper nanomaterials in different proportions to improve the Thermal efficiency of PTC. We also studied the effect of the width of the PTC slot on the fluid temperature. And from it on the amount of steam produced. The results of the study showed that the Thermal efficiency increases with the increase in the ratio of copper nanomaterials in the water, as the temperature of outlet water reaches 98°C, for the ratio of nanomaterials, 20%, in order to water flow 0.01 Kg/s and display the aperture 3.5 m.

scholarly journals Thermal Modelling and Simulation of Parabolic Trough Receiver Tubes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Eck ◽  
Jan Fabian Feldhoff ◽  
Ralf Uhlig
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Operation Conditions

Receiver tubes (or heat collecting elements — HCE) are a key component of parabolic trough solar thermal power plants. They are mounted in the focal line of the collectors, absorb the concentrated solar irradiance and transfer the absorbed energy to the heat transfer fluid flowing through them. During the design phase of the receiver tubes and for the performance prediction of solar thermal power plants it is helpful to derive their technical properties, like the thermal losses or the temperature field in the receiver tubes, from their physical and geometrical properties. For this purpose, several models have been developed in the past [1–3]. In this paper, the different existing models are presented, compared and assessed. It is found that a simple analytical model is a helpful tool for the fast prediction of the temperature distribution in the receiver tube. Furthermore, a 2-dimensional and a 3-dimensioanl model are compared regarding the heat losses of a HCE at different operation conditions. Both tools show a good agreement with available measurements. Finally with these tools the efficiency factor F′ is calculated that considers the heat losses of an irradiated receiver compared to that of an un-irradiated receiver. According to the performed calculations, the efficiency factor of parabolic trough receivers is higher than expected.

A Numerical Model for Off-Design Performance Prediction of Parabolic Trough Based Solar Power Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Manzolini ◽  
Andrea Giostri ◽  
Claudio Saccilotto ◽  
Paolo Silva ◽  
Ennio Macchi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Design Algorithm

This paper deals with the development and testing of an innovative code for the performance prediction of solar trough based concentrated solar power (CSP) plants in off-design conditions. Off-design calculation starts from data obtained through the on-design algorithm and considers steady-state situations. The model is implemented in flexible software, named patto (parabolic trough thermodynamic optimization): the optical-thermal collector model can simulate different types of parabolic trough systems in commerce, including a combination of various mirrors, receivers and supports. The code is also flexible in terms of working fluid, temperature and pressure range, and can also simulate direct steam generation (DSG) plants. Solar plant heat and mass balances and performance at off-design conditions are estimated by accounting for the constraints imposed by the available heat transfer areas in heat exchangers, as well as by the characteristic curve of the steam turbine. The numerical model can be used either for single calculation in a specific off-design condition or for complete year simulation, by generating energy balances with an hourly resolution. The model is tested with a view to real applications and reference values found in literature: results show an overall yearly efficiency of 14.8% versus the 15% encountered in the Nevada Solar One. Moreover, the capacity factor is 25%, i.e., equal to the value predicted by sam®. Code potential in the design process reveals two different aspects: it can be used not only to optimize plant components and layout in feasibility studies but also to select the best control strategy during individual operating conditions.

Developing a Web-based Application for Energy Supply Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Mohammed Faza ◽  
Maulahikmah Galinium ◽  
Matthias Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Acceptance Testing ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Unit Testing ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Time Series Modelling ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Energy Supply Systems

An energy supply system consists of a system of power plants and transmission anddistribution systems that supply electrical energy. The present project is limited to the modellingof the generation system. Its objective is the design and implementation of a web-basedapplication for simulating energy supply systems using the Laravel framework. The projectfocuses on six modules representing geothermal energy, solar energy, biopower, hydropower,storage, and fossil-based energy that are allocated to satisfy a given power demand. It isexecuted as a time series modelling for an exemplary year with hourly resolution. Thedevelopment of the software is divided into four steps, which are the definition of the userrequirements, the system design (activity, use case, system architecture, and ERD), the softwaredevelopment, and the software testing (unit testing, functionality testing, validity testing, anduser acceptance testing). The software is successfully implemented. All the features of thesoftware work as intended. Also, the software goes through validity testing using three differentinput data, to make sure the software is accurate. The result of the testing is 100% accuracy withrespect to the underlying model that was implemented in an excel calculation.

scholarly journals A novel formulation of 3D Jeffery fluid flow near an irregular permeable surface having chemical reactive species

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 168781402110136
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Khan ◽  
Amer Rasheed ◽  
Shafqat Ali ◽  
Qurat-ul-Ain Azim
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Variable Thickness ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Skin Friction Coefficient ◽  
Deborah Number ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Opposite Behavior ◽  
Thickness Parameter

The main objective of this paper is to offer a comprehensive study regarding solar radiation and MHD effects on 3D boundary layer Jeffery fluid flow over a non-uniform stretched sheet along with variable thickness, porous medium and chemical reaction of first order are assumed. The system of equations representing temperature, velocity and concentration fields are converted into dimensionless form by introducing dimensionless variables. Thereafter, the aforesaid equations are solved with the help of BVP4C in MATLAB. The numerical results obtained through this scheme are more accurate when compared with those in the existing literature. In order to have a pictorial representation, the effects of material and flow parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented through graphs. Moreover, the numerical values of heat and mass transfer rate and skin friction coefficient are given in tabular form. It is evident from the acquired results, that the velocity offers two fold behavior for variable thickness parameter that is, n < 1 close and away from the non-uniform surface. It is also noted that the axial and transverse velocities show an increasing behavior for Deborah number while the fluid temperature and concentration shows opposite behavior at the same time.

scholarly journals The use of a solution of the inverse heat conduction problem to monitor thermal stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Jan Taler ◽  
Piotr Dzierwa ◽  
Magdalena Jaremkiewicz ◽  
Dawid Taler ◽  
Karol Kaczmarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Unsteady Temperature

Thick-wall components of the thermal power unit limit maximum heating and cooling rates during start-up or shut-down of the unit. A method of monitoring the thermal stresses in thick-walled components of thermal power plants is presented. The time variations of the local heat transfer coefficient on the inner surface of the pressure component are determined based on the measurement of the wall temperature at one or six points respectively for one- and three-dimensional unsteady temperature fields in the component. The temperature sensors are located close to the internal surface of the component. A technique for measuring the fastchanging fluid temperature was developed. Thermal stresses in pressure components with complicated shapes can be computed using FEM (Finite Element Method) based on experimentally estimated fluid temperature and heat transfer coefficient

scholarly journals Demonstration of Fatigue for LTO License of NPP Borssele

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. C. Hannink ◽  
F. J. Blom ◽  
P. W. B. Quist ◽  
A. E. de Jong ◽  
W. Besuijen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Fatigue Assessment ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Ageing Management

Long Term Operation (LTO) of nuclear power plants (NPPs) requires an ageing management review and a revalidation of Time Limited Ageing Analyses (TLAAs) of structures and components important for nuclear safety. An important ageing effect to manage is fatigue. Generally, the basis for this is formed by the fatigue analyses of the safety relevant components. In this paper, the methodology for the revalidation of fatigue TLAAs is demonstrated for LTO of NPP Borssele in the Netherlands. The LTO demonstration starts with a scoping survey to determine the components and locations having relevant fatigue loadings. The scope was defined by assessment against international practice and guidelines and engineering judgment. Next, a methodical review was performed of all existing fatigue TLAAs. This also includes the latest international developments regarding environmental effects. In order to reduce conservatism, a comparison was made between the number of cycles in the analyses and the number of cycles projected to the end of the intended LTO period. The projected number of cycles is based on transient counting. The loading conditions used in the analyses were assessed by means of temperature measurements by the fatigue monitoring system (FAMOS). As a result of the review, further fatigue assessment or assessment of environmental effects was necessary for certain locations. New analyses were performed using state-of-the-art calculation and assessment methods. The methodology is demonstrated by means of an example of the surge line. The model includes the piping, as well as the nozzles on the pressurizer and the main coolant line. The thermal loadings for the fatigue analysis are based on temperature measurements. Fatigue management of the NPP is ensured by means of the fatigue concept where load monitoring, transient counting and fatigue assessment are coupled through an integrated approach during the entire period of LTO.

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