Development of Product Recyclability Index Utilizing Design for Assembly and Disassembly Principles

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darshan P. Yadav ◽  
Deep N. Patel ◽  
Beshoy W. Morkos
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Design For Assembly ◽  
Time Estimate ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design And Manufacturing

Designing products for recyclability is driven by environmental and economic goals. Several design for assembly (DFA) rules and parameters can be used to gauge the recyclability index of product designs. These indices can be used for comparative analysis of the recyclability of different products. This assists the designer in making design choices related to the product's end of life. However, many of the existing recyclability indices are only available after design and manufacturing decisions are made. If such design decisions could be made earlier in the design process, when the design space is less bound, recyclability could be considered earlier. A case study is performed to determine if DFA parameters could be utilized to determine product recyclability. The parameters were obtained from existing DFA time estimate tables. The results of the study indicated that the recyclability of the product, as defined by established recyclability metrics, could be predicted through DFA measures. A negative correlation was realized between recyclability and insertion time. Components that required greater time to mate during assembly adversely affected the recyclability of the product. Conversely, handing time was found to have no predictive capability on product recyclability. These findings are used to develop a recyclability index that utilizes the DFA measures, allowing designers and engineers to determine recyclability earlier in the design process.

Utilizing Design for Assembly Principles to Predict Product Recyclability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darshan P. Yadav ◽  
Deep N. Patel ◽  
Beshoy W. Morkos
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Design For Assembly ◽  
Assembly Rules ◽  
Time Estimate ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Assembly Principles

Designing products for recyclability is driven by environmental and economic goals. Several Design for Assembly rules and parameters can be used to gauge the recyclability index of product designs. These indices can then be used for comparative analysis of the recyclability of different products. This would assist the designer in making design choices related to the end of the product’s life cycle. Further, such design decisions could be made earlier in the design process, when the design space is less bound. A case study was conducted for different products to compare their recyclability indices. The parameters were obtained from existing Design for Assembly time estimate tables. The results of the study indicated the recyclability of the product, as defined by established recyclability metrics, could be predicted through design for assembly measures. A statistically significant negative correlation was realized between recyclability and insertion time. Effectively, components that required greater time to mate during assembly adversely affected the recyclability of the product. Conversely, handing time was found to have no predictive capability to product recyclability.

Life Cycle Assessment in Different Product Design Stages - A Coffee Pot Case Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 34-35 ◽  
pp. 988-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sui Ran Yu ◽  
Rui Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Software Designers ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Conceptual Design Phase

This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) method in different design process. This method can help product designers to make more environmental friendly design decisions in the design process. In this method, product’s LCA model is established in product conceptual design phase with the aid of decision matrix. Thereafter, the model is improved in the latter design phases, especially in product detail design phases. In this process, with the help of LCA software, designers can evaluate different design options and get LCA results when necessary to guide the design process. Finally, a case study of designing a coffee pot is provided in this paper to illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of this method. The case study shows that the method performs very well in the design process. It can be used to help designers to make more environmental friendly design decisions.

A Deep Learning Based Approach to Predict Sequential Design Decisions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Charles Xie ◽  
Zhenghui Sha
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
System Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Sequential Design ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Term Memory

Abstract During a design process, designers iteratively go back and forth between different design stages to explore the design space and search for the best design solution that satisfies all design constraints. For complex design problems, human has shown surprising capability in effectively reducing the dimensionality of design space and quickly converging it to a reasonable range for algorithms to step in and continue the search process. Therefore, modeling how human designers make decisions in such a sequential design process can help discover beneficial design patterns, strategies, and heuristics, which are important to the development of new algorithms embedded with human intelligence to augment computational design. In this paper, we develop a deep learning based approach to model and predict designers’ sequential decisions in a system design context. The core of this approach is an integration of the function-behavior-structure model for design process characterization and the long short term memory unit model for deep leaning. This approach is demonstrated in a solar energy system design case study, and its prediction accuracy is evaluated benchmarked on several commonly used models for sequential design decisions, such as Markov Chain model, Hidden Markov Chain model, and random sequence generation model. The results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the other traditional models. This implies that during a system design task, designers are very likely to reply on both short-term and long-term memory of past design decisions in guiding their decision making in future design process. Our approach is general to be applied in many other design contexts as long as the sequential design action data is available.

Objectivity and the Aesthetic Design Process

1996 ◽  
Vol 1549 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Ernst H. Petzold ◽  
Brian E. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Aesthetic Design ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Bridge Type ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The One ◽  
Controversial Nature

The aesthetic design process is sometimes limited to dealing solely with personal likes and dislikes, creating a totally subjective situation that leads to significant design decisions made on the basis of the strength of individual personalities rather than on any fundamental aesthetic content. A bridge type selection case study is provided to illustrate and discuss a technique to develop a logical process and bring some objectivity into aesthetic decisions. The case study involves a major 10-lane bridge 815 m (2,670 ft) long through an urban park. Because of the controversial nature of the project, a citizens' design committee was established to provide design oversight. Broad underlying issues such as land use, form and circulation, and scale and proportion were presented to the committee to form a baseline for subsequent activities. Open discussions with the committee were used to focus on the relative importance of each issue. On the basis of these discussions, aesthetic design criteria were developed in order to rank various alternatives. Conceptual designs, which were developed after preliminary discussions with the committee, were ranked by the committee according to how well each satisfied the previously established aesthetic design criteria. The recommended alternative, from an aesthetic standpoint, was simply the one with the highest ranking. Although aesthetic considerations will always involve questions of individual taste and opinion, the technique described can be used to bring a degree of objectivity to decisions about aesthetics.

scholarly journals The Problem of the Second Performer: Building a Community Around an Augmented Piano

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. McPherson ◽  
Youngmoo E. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Magnetic Resonator ◽  
Grand Piano

The design of a digital musical instrument is often informed by the needs of the first performance or composition. Following the initial performances, the designer frequently confronts the question of how to build a larger community of performers and composers around the instrument. Later musicians are likely to approach the instrument on different terms than those involved in the design process, so design decisions that promote a successful first performance will not necessarily translate to broader uptake. This article addresses the process of bringing an existing instrument to a wider musical community, including how musician feedback can be used to refine the instrument's design without compromising its identity. As a case study, the article presents the magnetic resonator piano, an electronically augmented acoustic grand piano that uses electromagnets to induce vibrations in the strings. After initial compositions and performances using the instrument, feedback from composers and performers guided refinements to the design, laying the groundwork for a collaborative project in which six composers wrote pieces for the instrument. The pieces exhibited a striking diversity of style and technique, including instrumental techniques never considered by the designer. The project, which culminated in two concert performances, demonstrates how a new instrument can acquire a community of musicians beyond those initially involved.

Optimization of Constraint Location, Orientation, and Quantity in Mechanical Assembly

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Rusli ◽  
Anthony Luscher ◽  
James Schmiedeler
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Mechanical Assembly ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Threaded Fasteners ◽  
Assembly Performance ◽  
Individual Design

A mechanical assembly aims to remove 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) motion between two or more parts using features such as fasteners, integral attachments, and mating surfaces, all of which act as constraints. The locations, orientations, and quantity of these constraints directly influence the effectiveness of a constraint configuration to eliminate DOF; therefore, constraint design decisions are crucial to the performance of a mechanical assembly. The design tool presented in this paper uses an analysis tool developed by the authors to explore a user-specified constraint design space and help the designer make informed decisions based on quantitative data so as to optimize constraint locations and orientations. The utility of the design tool is demonstrated with an assembly case study that contains both threaded fasteners and integral attachments. The results identify the opportunity for significant improvements by separately exploring individual design spaces associated with some constraints and further gains through a search of a multidimensional design space that leverages interaction effects between the location and orientation variables. The example also highlights how the tool can help identify nonintuitive solutions such as nonrectilinear, nonplanar parting lines. A trade-off study demonstrates how the design tool can quantitatively aid in optimizing the total number of constraints. Adding constraints generally improves an assembly's performance at the expense of increased redundancy, which can cause locked-in stresses and assembly inaccuracies, so the design tools helps identify new/removable constraints that offer the greatest/least contribution to the overall part constraint configuration. Through these capabilities, this design tool provides useful data to optimize and understand mechanical assembly performance variables.

scholarly journals WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HUMAN FACTORS IN ENGINEERING DESIGN? THE CASE OF THE VOLVO POWERTRAIN

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Neumann ◽  
J. Winkel
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
Multiple Stakeholder ◽  
A Chain

A case study in Volvo Powertrain is conducted to examine the distribution of responsibility for human factors in the companies’ engineering design process. Design decisions with human factors impact, and hence system performance implications, are identified in the design of both the product and the production system in a chain of decisions, spread across multiple stakeholder groups. Thus the organisational structure of the engineering design process appears to influence the ability to handle human factors appropriately at each stage of design. Responsibility (although perhaps not accountability) appears to be distributed throughout the engineering design process. Thus human factors aspects require careful coordination throughout engineering design.

Decision-Based Conceptual Design: Modeling and Navigating Heterogeneous Design Spaces

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Wood ◽  
Alice M. Agogino
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Main Components

Information gathering and refinement are critical activities in conceptual design. A decision-based framework is developed consisting of three main components: a flexible, extensible design space model based on a Gaussian kernel which synthesizes information from design instances; expected value decision-making which focuses the design process on the most promising subspaces within this model; and information value theory which identifies uncertainty in the design evaluation whose reduction could redirect the design process. Together, these components form a normative method for conceptual design around a key process—the co-evolution of a design and the evaluation model used to quantify its value. Formalizing conceptual design toward reducing arbitrary design decisions and focusing attention on the most critical design concerns holds the potential to substantially improve both the process and product of design. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through an example in the domain of electric motor selection.

A Prescription for Information Prospecting, Data Mining, and Design Refinement

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Wood ◽  
Alice M. Agogino
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Design Specification ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Downstream Processes

Abstract We present a prescriptive methodology for conceptual design based on a process of information gathering and refinement. While these activities are generic to conceptual design, a mathematical framework is developed toward structuring the design space, approximating the design space by generalizing design data, and formalizing the iterative process of narrowing the design space while refining the level detail in the design specification. As a prescription for conceptual design, this method formalizes the conceptual design process around a key tradeoff — the value to be gained by making design commitments balanced against the reduction in size of design space these commitments bring. Because conceptual design decisions carry tremendous leverage through to all downstream processes, formalizing conceptual design toward reducing arbitrary design decisions and focusing attention on the most critical design concerns holds the potential to improve greatly the ultimate product of the overall design process.

Case study of integrated decision-making for deep energy-efficient retrofits

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Gultekin ◽  
Chimay J. Anumba ◽  
Robert M. Leicht
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
System Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
System Level ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the decision-making process of integrated system design. Buildings can benefit from different system integration working toward the unified goal of providing the needed conditions and improving the comfort level of occupants. It is important to engage all system needs and priorities in the design by keeping goal into consideration. Even though there is vast potential in the coordination of system design decisions, there is a need to increase the transparency of the decision-making process by developing methods to incorporate multi-dimensional design attributes. Design/methodology/approach – This is achieved by considering all system design priorities with respect to decision attributes, as well as the inter-system inputs based on information and knowledge. Data were collected through interviews, collaboration meetings and design document reviews, which helped to facilitate triangulation. Findings – This paper presents the findings of a case study of deep retrofit design process that seeks to reduce energy consumption through integrated system decisions with several system combinations. In addition, such design decisions highlighted the fact that the values need to be flexible at the system level. Research limitations/implications – This paper presents an in-depth analysis of a single case study. Multiple case studies are being investigated for the future of this research. Practical implications – This paper presents the methods used for integrated design process priorities that will enable design teams to make decisions that lead to improved energy performance in retrofit projects. Originality/value – The case study building in this paper is a showcase building with cutting edge technologies and techniques, as well as a scalable and collaborative design process. It is an example of a best-in-class retrofit process designed through whole building design principles within the target budget. The paper demonstrates system design selection criteria that are embraced by value prioritization.

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