Reciprocating Shaft Seals for High-Temperature and High-Pressure Applications: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McKee ◽  
Faramarz Gordaninejad
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Fiber Reinforcement ◽  
Shaft Seals ◽  
Scientific Topic ◽  
Temperature Applications

This study reviews the work performed in the field of reciprocating shaft seals from the advent of the scientific topic in the 1940s. Concepts of leakage, film layers, friction, wear, and other concerns with shaft seals are discussed. The importance of shaft seals as it pertains to liquid springs is brought to light along with issues requiring a need for these seals to withstand high temperatures and high pressures. Issues resulting from a seal exposure to high temperatures, such as thermosetting and embrittlement, are discussed in conjunction with materials and properties that allow seals to operate in high-temperature environments. High-pressure sealing challenges are identified along with the techniques currently employed to overcome these issues, such as fiber reinforcement and backup rings. Sealing solutions have been implemented independently for both high-pressure and high-temperature applications; however, the combination of high pressures coupled with high temperatures is still a challenge today.

Pyrite form of group-14 element pernitrides synthesized at high pressure and high temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (30) ◽  
pp. 9750-9754 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Niwa ◽  
H. Ogasawara ◽  
M. Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Group 14

The incompressible pyrite form of group 14 elemental pernitrides synthesized at high pressures and high temperatures.

scholarly journals Gaseous combustion at high pressures. —Part X. The co-volume corrections, maximum temperatures and dissociation of steam and carbon dioxide in explosions

1928 ◽  
Vol 119 (782) ◽  
pp. 464-480
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Explosion Method ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Very High

During the researches upon high-pressure explosions of carbonic oxide-air, hydrogen-air, etc., mixtures, which have been described in the previous papers of this series, a mass of data has been accumulated relating to the influence of density and temperature upon the internal energy of gases and the dissociation of steam and carbon dioxide. Some time ago, at Prof. Bone’s request, the author undertook a systematic survey of the data in question, and the present paper summarises some of the principal results thereof, which it is hoped will throw light upon problems interesting alike to chemists, physicists and internal-combustion engineers. The explosion method affords the only means known at present of determining the internal energies of gases at very high temperatures, and it has been used for this purpose for upwards of 50 years. Although by no means without difficulties, arising from uncertainties of some of the assumptions upon which it is based, yet, for want of a better, its results have been generally accepted as being at least provisionally valuable. Amongst the more recent investigations which have attracted attention in this connection should be mentioned those of Pier, Bjerrum, Siegel and Fenning, all of whom worked at low or medium pressures.

A High Temperature 4H-SiC Voltage Reference for Depletion Mode GaN-Based Circuits

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (HiTEN) ◽  
pp. 000118-000121
Author(s):  
ZiHao Zhang ◽  
Jebreel M. Salem ◽  
Dong Sam Ha
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Reference Voltage ◽  
Voltage Reference ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Temperature Applications

Abstract High temperature electronics are highly demanded for many applications such as automotive, space, and oil and gas exploration. Electronic circuits for those applications are required to operate reliably without using bulky cooling systems. Circuits based on silicon (Si) suffer from high leakage currents at high temperatures. Silicon Carbide (SiC) circuits, on the other hand, are suitable for high temperature applications due to the wide bandgap and offer high breakdown voltage and low leakage current. This paper presents a negative voltage reference for high temperature applications using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) 4H-SiC transistors. The proposed voltage reference adopts Widlar bandgap reference topology, and it aims to provide a negative reference voltage for Gallium Nitride (GaN) circuits operating at high temperatures. Measurement results indicate that the proposed circuit provides a negative reference voltage with a low temperature coefficient of 42 ppm/°C for temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 250 °C. The proposed circuit also operates reliably for a wide supply voltage range of −7.5 V to −15 V for the temperature range.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Star-Shaped Boron Carbide Micro-Crystallites under High Pressure and High Temperatures

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Vladimir Filonenko ◽  
Pavel Zinin ◽  
Igor Zibrov ◽  
Alexander Anokhin ◽  
Elena Kukueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Carbon

We synthesized star-shaped pentagonal microcrystals of boron carbide with an extremely low carbon content (~5%), from m-carborane under high pressure (7 GPa) and high temperature (1370–1670 K). These crystals have five-fold symmetry and grow in the shape of stars. A 5-fold symmetry in large micron-sized crystals is extremely rare making this a striking observation.

The Design and Simulation of Wide Range Pressure Sensor Based on HTCC for High-Temperature Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 1053-1059
Author(s):  
Zhong Ren ◽  
Qiu Lin Tan ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
Ting Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Passive Measurement ◽  
Series Resonance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spiral Inductors ◽  
Temperature Applications

A wide range pressure sensor is designed based on the theoretical basis of LC series resonance circuit model to realize the wireless passive measurement in the harsh environment, such as high temperature and high pressure. The capacitive pressure sensitive device is devised by the technology of high-temperature co-fired ceramics (HTCC) to form nine density cavities in zirconia ceramic substrates, and thick film technology to print capacitance plates and planar spiral inductors. The theoretical calculation and simulation analysis of the designed sensor are made respectively under high pressure (10MPa) and temperature (600 °C), the results of which verify the feasibility of the design in a wide range of pressure for high-temperature applications, and provide the reliable theory basis for the fabrication of wide range pressure sensor.

Antioxidant Activity of Enzymatic Hydrolysates of High-Temperature Soybean Meal Pretreated with High Pressures

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1519-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
Yu Ting Wang ◽  
Xiao Yu Wang ◽  
Xin Ru Li ◽  
Qian Xin Dang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Relative Molecular Mass ◽  
Mda Content

Effect of high-temperature soybean meal hydrolysates was to be studied in this paper. Hhigh-temperature soybean meal was treated by high pressure. And Alcalase 2.4 L was used to hydrolyze high-temperature soybean meal, three kinds of solutions with relative molecular mass of > 10 000 Da, 5000 Da – 10 000 Da and < 5 000 Da were obtained by ultrafiltration of hydrolysates, and they were administrated mice by gastric perfusion, respectively. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver were separately tested with reagent kits. Results showed that SOD and GSH-PX activities were significantly improved and MDA content was reduced in liver of mice by hydrolysates, which indicated that high-temperature soybean meal hydrolysates can improve antioxidant indexes of mice and enhance antioxidation capacity of body.

Advances in Computation of Temperature-Pressure Phase Diagrams of High-Pressure Nitrides

2008 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kroll
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Energy Calculations ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Pressure Phase

A combination of first-principle and thermochemical calculations is applied to compute the phase diagrams of rhenium-nitrogen and of ruthenium-nitrogen at elevated temperature and high pressure. We augment total energy calculations with our approach to treat the nitrogen fugacity at high pressures. We predict a sequential nitridation of Re at high-pressure/high-temperature conditions. At 3000 K, ReN will form from Re and nitrogen at about 32 GPa. A ReN2 with CoSb2-type structure may be achieved at pressures exceeding 50 GPa at this temperature. Marcasite-type RuN2 will be attainable at 3000 K at pressures above 30 GPa by reacting Ru with nitrogen.

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