Characterizing Energy Consumption in Injection Molding: Model Versus Logger

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sánchez-Valencia ◽  
Julien Loste
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Statistical Systems

Recent changes in legislation along with environmental initiatives to drive sustainability and reduce carbon emissions have sprouted the development of energy models to characterize manufacturing processes. In the case of injection molding, much work has been performed in coupling sensors with control statistical systems to promptly identify process' instabilities, such as pressure drops or fluctuations in the filling point. Latest energy models for injection molding make use of injection pressure and temperature parameters that are a function of the machine, mold geometry, and process characteristics. The latest state-of-the-art way to measure energy consumption is through the use of energy loggers, which provide power data at the end of the production cycles. Although seemingly correlated, little has been published on the extrapolation of cavity signals for their use in energy calculations. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of using cavity sensors in injection molding are explored; a novel approach to the use of cavity sensors' pressure and temperature data is proposed by exploring their input in an energy model for the estimation of specific energy consumption (SEC). The model was validated against power data obtained via an energy logger; the averaged energy reported by the model indicated a range of 60–67% accuracy.

The Effect of Oil and Black on the Injection Molding of EPDM Compounds. I.

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321-1335
Author(s):  
William G. DePierri ◽  
J. R. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Divergent Flow ◽  
High Shear Rates

Abstract Factors affecting the flow properties of EPDM compounds have been studied and the findings of the study applied to the injection molding of these compounds. The level of oil and of black were found to change the flow properties of EPDM compounds. Higher levels of oil decreased the compound viscosity while higher levels of black increased the compound viscosity. The viscosity of the oil influenced compound viscosities. Compounds made with the more viscous (at 210° F) oil had slightly higher viscosities. However, changing from an aromatic to a naphthenic oil of similar viscosity had little effect on the compound viscosity. Compounds made from two different polymers of similar Mooney viscosity were found to have widely divergent flow behavior at high shear rates. Injection molding of EPDM compounds was studied with a molding assembly which had a capillary rheometer as barrel and plunger. Injection pressure data from the molding experiments was found to parallel closely the rheological data. An analysis of the pressure drops in passing through different parts of the mold assembly was made. The total calculated pressure drop agreed closely with the measured pressure drop. The viscous generation of heat was found to be proportional to pressure drop, and an equation is presented which relates the temperature increase to the pressure drop.

Determination of grinding parameters of fenugreek seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Fenugreek Seed

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) in Machining Operations: A Sustainable Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5617
Author(s):  
Raman Kumar ◽  
Sehijpal Singh ◽  
Ardamanbir Singh Sidhu ◽  
Catalin I. Pruncu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Author Keywords ◽  
Link Strength ◽  
Inclusive Analysis ◽  
Machining Operations

This paper’s persistence is to make an inclusive analysis of 268 documents about specific energy consumption (SEC) in machining operations from 2001 to 2020 in the Scopus database. A systematic approach collects information on SEC documents’ primary data; their types, publications, citations, and predictions are presented. The VOSviewer 1.1.16 and Biblioshiny 2.0 software are used for visualization analysis to show the progress standing of SEC publications. The selection criteria of documents are set for citation analysis. The ranks are assigned to the most prolific and dominant authors, sources, articles, countries, and organizations based on the total citations, number of documents, average total citation, and total link strength. The author-keywords, index-keywords, and text data content analysis has been conducted to find the hotspots and progress trend in SEC in machining operations. The most prolific and dominant article, source, author, organization, and country are Anderson et al. “Laser-assisted machining of Inconel 718 with an economic analysis”, the Int J Mach Tools Manuf, Shin Y.C., form Purdue University Singapore, and United States, respectively, based on total citations as per defined criteria. The author keywords “specific cutting energy” and “surface roughness” dominate the machining operations SEC. SEC’s implication in machining operations review and bibliometric analysis is to deliver an inclusive perception for the scholars working in this field. It is the primary paper that utilizes bibliometric research to analyze the SEC in machining operations publications expansively. It is valuable for scholars to grasp the hotspots in this field in time and help the researchers in the SEC exploration arena rapidly comprehend the expansion status and trend.

scholarly journals Optimization Issues of a Hammer Mill Working Process Using Statistical Modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Gigel Paraschiv ◽  
Georgiana Moiceanu ◽  
Gheorghe Voicu ◽  
Mihai Chitoiu ◽  
Petru Cardei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Rotor Spinning ◽  
Milled Material ◽  
Different Types

Our paper presents the hammer mill working process optimization problem destined for milling energetic biomass (MiscanthusGiganteus and Salix Viminalis). For the study, functional and constructive parameters of the hammer mill were taken into consideration in order to reduce the specific energy consumption. The energy consumption dependency on the mill rotor spinning frequency and on the sieve orifices in use, as well as on the material feeding flow, in correlation with the vegetal biomass milling degree was the focus of the analysis. For obtaining this the hammer mill was successively equipped with 4 different types of hammers that grind the energetic biomass, which had a certain humidity content and an initial degree of reduction ratio of the material. In order to start the optimization process of hammer mill working process, 12 parameters were defined. The objective functions which minimize hammer mill energy consumption and maximize the milled material percentage with a certain specific granulation were established. The results obtained can serve as the basis for choosing the optimal working, constructive, and functional parameters of hammer mills in this field, and for a better design of future hammer mills.

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