scholarly journals Characterization of Nonequilibrium Condensation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in a de Laval Nozzle

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Lettieri ◽  
Derek Paxson ◽  
Zoltan Spakovszky ◽  
Peter Bryanston-Cross
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Laval Nozzle ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
De Laval Nozzle ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
Nonequilibrium Condensation ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Carbon capture and storage could significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. One of the major limitations of this technology is the energy penalty for the compression of CO2 to supercritical conditions. To reduce the power requirements, supercritical carbon dioxide compressors must operate near saturation where phase change effects are important. Nonequilibrium condensation can occur at the leading edge of the compressor, causing performance and stability issues. The characterization of the fluid at these conditions is vital to enable advanced compressor designs at enhanced efficiency levels but the analysis is challenging due to the lack of data on metastable fluid properties. In this paper, we assess the behavior and nucleation characteristics of high-pressure subcooled CO2 during the expansion in a de Laval nozzle. The assessment is conducted with numerical calculations and corroborated by experimental measurements. The Wilson line is determined via optical measurements in the range of 41–82 bar. The state of the metastable fluid is characterized through pressure and density measurements, with the latter obtained in a first-of-its-kind laser interferometry setup. The inlet conditions of the nozzle are moved close to the critical point to allow for reduced margins to condensation. The analysis suggests that direct extrapolation using the Span and Wagner equation of state (S–W EOS) model yields results within 2% of the experimental data. The results are applied to define inlet conditions for a supercritical carbon dioxide compressor. Full-scale compressor experiments demonstrate that the reduced inlet temperature can decrease the shaft power input by 16%.

scholarly journals Characterization of Non-Equilibrium Condensation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in a de Laval Nozzle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Lettieri ◽  
Derek Paxson ◽  
Zoltan Spakovszky ◽  
Peter Bryanston-Cross
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Laval Nozzle ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
Direct Extrapolation ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

On a ten-year timescale, Carbon Capture and Storage could significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. One of the major limitations of this technology is the energy penalty for the compression of CO2 to supercritical conditions, which can require up to 15% of the plant’s gross power output. To reduce the power requirements supercritical carbon dioxide compressors must operate at reduced temperatures and near saturation where phase change effects are important. Non-equilibrium condensation can occur in the high-speed flow at the leading edge of the compressor, causing performance and stability issues. The characterization of the fluid at these conditions is vital to enable advanced compressor designs at enhanced efficiency levels but the analysis is challenging due to the lack of data on the metastable fluid properties. In this paper we assess the metastable behavior and nucleation characteristics of high-pressure subcooled carbon dioxide during the expansion in a Laval nozzle. The assessment is conducted with numerical calculations, supported and corroborated by experimental measurements. The Wilson line is determined via optical measurements in the range of 41 and 82 bar and near the critical point. The state of the metastable fluid is fully characterized through pressure and density measurements, with the latter obtained in a first of its kind laser interferometry set up. In a systematic analysis the inlet conditions of the nozzle are moved close to the critical point to allow for large gradients in fluid properties and reduced margin to condensation. The results of calculations using a direct extrapolation of the Span and Wagner equation of state model are compared with the experimental measurements. The analysis suggests that the direct extrapolation using the Span and Wagner model yields results within 2% of the experimental data, with improved accuracy at conditions away from the critical point. The results are applied in a pre-production supercritical carbon dioxide compressor and are used to define inlet conditions at reduced temperature but free of condensation. Full-scale compressor experiments demonstrate that the new inlet conditions can reduce the shaft power input by 16%.

Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/waste ground rubber tire powder microcellular composites by supercritical carbon dioxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xiu Zhang ◽  
Sung Hyo Lee ◽  
Jin Kuk Kim ◽  
Shu Ling Zhang ◽  
Zhen Xiang Xin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Ground Rubber ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Characterization of drug delivery particles produced by supercritical carbon dioxide technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 244-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onanong Nuchuchua ◽  
M. Reza Nejadnik ◽  
Sebastiaan C. Goulooze ◽  
Nataša Jovanović Lješković ◽  
Hayley A. Every ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Effect of Compressor Inlet Condition on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Compressor Performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoxiang Chen ◽  
Weilin Zhuge ◽  
Yangjun Zhang ◽  
Hongdan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Inlet Condition ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
Compressor Power

Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton power cycle has attracted a lot of attention around the world in energy conversion field. It takes advantage of the high density of CO2 near the critical point while maintaining low viscosity to reduce compressor power and achieve high cycle efficiency. However, as CO2 approaches to its critical point, the thermodynamic properties of CO2 vary dramatically with small changes in temperature or pressure. As a result, the density of the working fluid varies significantly at the compressor inlet in the practical cycle if operating near the critical point, especially for small-scale cycles and air-cooled cycles, which leads to compressors operating out of the flow range, even being damaged. Concerns of large density variations at the inlet of the compressor result in S-CO2 compressor designers selecting compressor inlet conditions away from the critical point, thereby increasing compressor power. In this paper, a criterion to choose inlet pressure and inlet temperature of compressors as the design inlet condition is proposed, which is guaranteeing ±50% change in inlet specific volume within ±3 °C variation in inlet temperature. By the criterion, 8 MPa and 34.7 °C is selected as the design inlet condition. According to design requirements of the cycle, a S-CO2 centrifugal compressor is designed through 1-D design methodology. Based on the two-zone model, the effects of compressor inlet condition including inlet pressure and inlet temperature on the compressor performance are analyzed in detail. In practical operation, the compressor inlet condition is varied. Thus, an accurate prediction of compressor performance under different inlet conditions is necessary. The traditional correction method is not suitable for S-CO2 compressor. Dimensionless specific enthalpy rise is used to correct pressure ratio by the real gas table. And the S-CO2 compressor performance can be predicted correctly under different inlet conditions.

Preparation and Characterization of Microcellular Polystyrene Foams Processed in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 4614-4620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelyn A. Arora ◽  
Alan J. Lesser ◽  
Thomas J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

High-pressure NMR characterization of triacetyl-β-cyclodextrin in supercritical carbon dioxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Ivanova ◽  
E. R. Vão ◽  
M. Temtem ◽  
A. Aguiar-Ricardo ◽  
T. Casimiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nmr Characterization ◽  
Supercritical Carbon
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