Gear Reverse-Order Meshing—Phenomenon, Analysis, and Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zhaoyao ◽  
Shu Zanhui ◽  
Yu Bo ◽  
Wang Tao ◽  
Wang Xiaoyi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Point ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Reverse Order ◽  
Normal Order ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Gear Honing ◽  
Speed Error ◽  
Pitch Deviation ◽  
Meshing Process ◽  
Integrated Error

The gear drive is theoretically a normal-order meshing process to transmit movement and power. When temperature variation, misalignment, manufacture error, or deformation occurs, the normal-order meshing will be destroyed. Under certain conditions, the contact point moves in the opposite direction to the normal order on the surface of the tooth. This process is called gear reverse-order meshing. The gear reverse-order meshing will lead to gear impact and generate noise during the transmission. In the study, with gear pairs with base pitch deviation as the study object, we further studied this process and expanded the application scope of the process to kinematics and dynamics. The transmission error of the gear reverse-order meshing process was deduced. Both the speed error and acceleration error were obtained. Based on the curves of these three variables, the influence of gear reverse-order meshing on gear transmission characteristic was analyzed to explore the causes for the meshing impact phenomenon. Although the gear reverse-order meshing process has some disadvantages, it could also be applied in some fields. Due to the feature of gear reverse-order meshing, it is applied to gear integrated error (GIE) measuring technique and tooth-skipped gear honing process effectively.

Kinematics Model for Tooth-Skipped Gear Honing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yu ◽  
Jiachun Lin ◽  
Zhaoyao Shi
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Kinematics Model ◽  
Gear Honing ◽  
Gear Manufacturing ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Processing ◽  
Meshing Process ◽  
Integrated Error

As gears that have been honed offer excellent wear characteristics and are extremely quiet, gear honing has become an essential part in the production of high-speed transmissions. In this paper, a novel gear honing technology based on toothskipped gearing theory is proposed. So far, this theory has been used only in the gear dynamic integrated error measuring machine, which was invented by a Chinese engineer. It is the first time that the theory has been introduced into gear manufacturing. Firstly, the whole tooth-skipped honing process is analyzed by taking the rack and pinion as an example. Secondly, the kinematics model of relationship between the rack and the gear is established, which takes the rack addendum meshing process, the gear addendum meshing process and the involute meshing process into consideration. Finally, the boundary points of each process are analyzed. The velocity curve of the gear to be manufactured is obtained. Tooth-skipped gear honing as a gear fine finishing approach has high processing efficiency and can increase the gear quality.

Double Helical Synchronous Belt Transmission Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 800-801 ◽  
pp. 672-677
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Guo ◽  
Hong Yuan Jiang ◽  
Yi Zhen Wu ◽  
Wen Ya Chu ◽  
Qing Xin Meng
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
Belt Transmission

The meshing impact noise caused by the gradually engagement between double helical synchronous belt and the pulley was reduced due to its spiral angle effect. Therefore, double helical synchronous belt transmission receives much concern with its excellent characteristics of de-noising, low transmission error and high carrying capacity. The profiles of synchronous belt and belt pulley were studied based on conjugate-curvature high degree contact meshing theory under the circumstance that the pitch of belt and belt pulley are identical. The higher contact strength of the belt teeth and a smaller clearance in the contact point adjacent area were ensured with Hertz contact theory as the synchronous belt is in contact with pulley. And then a conjugated arc tooth profile with two-step contact and three-step adjacent gap infinitesimal was proposed based on the simple easy to processing method, which was adopted as main parameters for double synchronous belt and pulley’s normal teeth profile. The three-dimensional transmission model was built and the static nonlinear contact analysis was done with finite element software ANSYS. Finally, the noise experiment was conducted on the high speed test bench to compare the noise reduction effect between double helical synchronous belt and straight tooth timing belt with the identical end face profile. The simulation and experiment result show that the double helical synchronous belt transmission can reduce noise level by 11dB approximately compared with straight tooth timing belt transmission.

Transmission Error Analysis of External Gear Drive Based on Form and Position Errors

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Ke Ke Li ◽  
Yu Shu Bian ◽  
Bing Dong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Calculation Formula ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Gear Mechanism

The key factors affecting the transmission error of gear mechanism are analyzed and the calculation formula of transmission error based on parts’ form and position errors is derived in this paper. Since the errors have different kinds of probability distributions, this paper calculate the expectation and variance of transmission error by statistical method, gives final transmission error value, and verify it by an example.

Approach of Selecting Profile Modifications Curves for Spur Gears

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Zhe Yuan ◽  
Yu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Profile Modification ◽  
Tooth Profile Modification ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Meshing Process

The tooth profile modification can generally choose straight line modification, parabolic modification and arc modification. In order to accurately determine the tooth profile modification curves, basing on analysis of the vibration that effected by transmission error, a pair of gears meshing process is simulated with FEM approach. Aiming at reducing the fluctuation of transmission error, the transmission error curves of straight line modification, parabolic modification and arc modification with the same modification parameters are plotted, and the best modifications curve is obtained. The research shows that the approach is accurate to choose the best modification curve, and reduce the fluctuation of transmission error greatly. The approach illustrated in this paper provides a new way for designing the noiseless gears.

Theoretical Method for Calculating the Unit Curve of Gear Integrated Error

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyao Shi ◽  
Xiaoyi Wang ◽  
Zanhui Shu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Contact Analysis ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Static Transmission Error ◽  
Integrated Error

A theoretical method is proposed in this paper to calculate the unit curve of gear integrated error (GIE). The calculated GIE unit curve includes the quasi-static transmission error (TE) curves of the approach stage, the involute stage, and the recession stage of the ZI worm and helical gear transmission. The misalignments between the two axes of the worm and gear, as well as the modifications or errors of the tooth flanks of the gear, are considered in the procedure of calculation. Optimization algorithm is introduced to replace the solving of implicit differential equations of the conventional tooth contact analysis (TCA) method. It is proved that the proposed method is clearer and more convenient than the conventional TCA methods in calculating the GIE unit curve. The correctness and merits of the proposed method are verified by two experiments.

Driving Performance of High Reduction Planetary Gear Drive With Meshing of Arc Tooth Profile Gear and Pin Roller

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuteru Nagamura ◽  
Kiyotaka Ikejo ◽  
Eiichirou Tanaka ◽  
Takamasa Hirai ◽  
Toshiyuki Koumori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Vibration Acceleration ◽  
Gear Noise ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
New Type ◽  
High Reduction

This paper describes a new type planetary gear drive with the high reduction ratio. The planetary gear drive is mechanically similar to a 2S-C type planetary gear, which has two sun gears and one carrier. The planetary gear drive has two pairs of an arc tooth profile gear and a pin roller, which mesh each other. The planetary gear drive has little backlash, a high efficiency, a long fatigue limit, etc., because the tooth contact holds on concave and convex surfaces. In this study, we measured the vibration acceleration, the transmission error, the gear noise, and the efficiency on the new type planetary gear drive by the running test. We discuss and report the driving performance of the planetary gear drive.

Research on Meshing of Face Gear Drive under Errors of Alignment and Machining

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 1948-1951
Author(s):  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Hui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Helix Angle ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Face Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Machining Errors ◽  
Alignment Errors

The coordinate systems for cutting face gears and for meshing of face gear drive with involute cylindrical pinion. The tooth surface equation of face gear with machining errors is deviated, such as change of shaft angle, change of shortest distance between face gear and cutter tool axes, helix angle of cutter tool. Tooth contact analysis applied in the paper considered with the alignment error of the driving system. The tooth contact path and the transmission error of the face gear drive were simulated through the tooth contact analysis for different alignment errors and machining errors. The simulation results indicate that all of the alignment errors and machining error don’t cause transmission error except helix angle error of the cutting tool. The errors will bring the shift of the contact path on gear teeth. The shift of bearing contact can be reduced by combination of different errors of alignment or machining.

An Active Ease-Off Topography Modification Approach for Hypoid Pinions Based on a Modified Error Sensitivity Analysis Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Li ◽  
W. D. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Error Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis Method ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Error Sensitivity Analysis

A new active ease-off topography modification approach is proposed to improve the meshing performance of hypoid gears based on a fourth-order predesigned transmission error (PTE) model and a modified error sensitivity analysis method. Ease-off topography modifications that describe local deviations of pinion tooth surfaces can be conducted by converting the fourth-order PTE into equivalent deviations of pinion tooth surfaces. The modified error sensitivity analysis method is developed to investigate the effects of misalignments on the moving velocity of a contact point of a hypoid gear pair. The moving velocity of the contact point can describe transmission error (TE) curve shapes of ease-off tooth surfaces. The ease-off topography modification approach can achieve TE precontrol and modification curvature adjustment of the pinion for stable meshing performance of the hypoid gear pair. Moreover, pinion ease-off tooth surfaces are finished by a five-axis computer numerical control swarf-cutting machine tool. Swarf-cutting tests and TE measurement tests are conducted on hypoid gear pair specimens to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis of Face Gear Drive with Modification

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 1711-1716
Author(s):  
Shu Yan Zhang ◽  
Hui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Face Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Tooth Number ◽  
Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis

A double direction modification with a grinding worm is applied on tooth surface of face gear drive. The surface equations of the rack cutter, shaper and grinding worm are derived respectively. Loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) with finite element method (FEM) is performed to investigate the meshing performance of face gear drive before modification and after modification. The modification by a grinding worm can obviously reduce the sensitivity of face gear drive to misalignment; the bending stress and the contact stress are reduced with avoiding edge contact; the load transmission error is reduced. This method can obtain a more stable bearing contact in contrast to the method by increasing tooth number of shaper, and the modification magnitude can be controlled freely. The investigation is illustrated with numerical examples.

Theory and Experiment Study on Transmission Error of Gear System

2010 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
Quan Shi ◽  
Xiao Wei Cheng ◽  
Dong Guo ◽  
Xiao Hui Shi
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Test System ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Gear System ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Meshing Process ◽  
Reasonable Model ◽  
Theory And Experiment

Vibration and noise problems of the gear system have been widely concerned in recent years. A study of transmission error is conducted to verify the sources of the vibration and noise. The tooth meshing process is analyzed with consideration of the shaft, bearing, box, tooth deformation, and tooth micro-modification in this paper. The transmission error of a two-stage gearbox is discussed based on a theoretical calculation model of gear transmission error. Then the transmission error is measured in different conditions on a test system of two-stage gearbox. By comparing to the test data, the theoretical model of the two-stage transmission error has been refined and a more reasonable model is presented. The study plays an important role in reducing vibration and noise of the gear system.

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