Influence of High Duty Ratio and Frequency in WECM Employing In Situ Fabricated Wire Electrode

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Debnath ◽  
J. Kundu ◽  
B. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Burr Formation ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Applied Frequency ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Microfabrication Techniques

To adapt with today's rapidly changing world, fabrication of intricate microparts is becoming an urgent need. Manufacturing of these microparts with stringent requirements necessitates the early adoption of different microfabrication techniques. Wire electrochemical machining (WECM) is such a process which removes excess metal by dissolving it electrochemically. This process can easily generate features downscaled to micron ranges and offers several advantages like the requirement of very simple setup, fabrication of accurate complex microfeatures without undergoing any thermal stress, burr formation, and tool wear, which make it superior from other existing micromachining processes. However, this process is new, and little is known about its applicability and feasibility. Hence, the present work is directed towards developing suitable WECM setup to fabricate microfeatures by introducing proper means for enhancing the mass transport phenomenon. The tungsten tool wire for machining has been in situ etched to a diameter of 23.43 μm by a novel approach for retaining its regular cylindrical form and has been implemented during machining. Moreover, the influences of high duty ratio and applied frequency have been investigated on the corresponding width of the fabricated microslits and the experimental results have been represented graphically where the minimum width of the microslit is obtained as 44.85 μm. Furthermore, mathematical modeling has been developed to correlate duty ratio and applied frequency with generated slit width. Additionally, the mathematical modeling has been validated with practical results and complex stepped type microfeatures have been generated to establish process suitability.

A novel approach for preparing in-situ nitrogen doped carbon via pyrolysis of bean pulp for supercapacitors

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 119227
Author(s):  
Yan Ding ◽  
Yunchao Li ◽  
Yujie Dai ◽  
Xinhong Han ◽  
Bo Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

scholarly journals A Random Forest Model for the Prediction of FOG Content in Inlet Wastewater from Urban WWTPs

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Vanesa Mateo Pérez ◽  
José Manuel Mesa Fernández ◽  
Joaquín Villanueva Balsera ◽  
Cristina Alonso Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Global Improvement ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Correct Design

The content of fats, oils, and greases (FOG) in wastewater, as a result of food preparation, both in homes and in different commercial and industrial activities, is a growing problem. In addition to the blockages generated in the sanitary networks, it also represents a difficulty for the performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), increasing energy and maintenance costs and worsening the performance of downstream treatment processes. The pretreatment stage of these facilities is responsible for removing most of the FOG to avoid these problems. However, so far, optimization has been limited to the correct design and initial installation dimensioning. Proper management of this initial stage is left to the experience of the operators to adjust the process when changes occur in the characteristics of the wastewater inlet. The main difficulty is the large number of factors influencing these changes. In this work, a prediction model of the FOG content in the inlet water is presented. The model is capable of correctly predicting 98.45% of the cases in training and 72.73% in testing, with a relative error of 10%. It was developed using random forest (RF) and the good results obtained (R2 = 0.9348 and RMSE = 0.089 in test) will make it possible to improve operations in this initial stage. The good features of this machine learning algorithm had not been used, so far, in the modeling of pretreatment parameters. This novel approach will result in a global improvement in the performance of this type of facility allowing early adoption of adjustments to the pretreatment process to remove the maximum amount of FOG.

scholarly journals In Situ Generation of Green Hybrid Nanofibrillar Polymer-Polymer Composites—A Novel Approach to the Triple Shape Memory Polymer Formation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Ramin Hosseinnezhad ◽  
Iurii Vozniak ◽  
Fahmi Zaïri
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Phase Transition Temperatures ◽  
Triple Shape Memory

The paper discusses the possibility of using in situ generated hybrid polymer-polymer nanocomposites as polymeric materials with triple shape memory, which, unlike conventional polymer blends with triple shape memory, are characterized by fully separated phase transition temperatures and strongest bonding between the polymer blends phase interfaces which are critical to the shape fixing and recovery. This was demonstrated using the three-component system polylactide/polybutylene adipateterephthalate/cellulose nanofibers (PLA/PBAT/CNFs). The role of in situ generated PBAT nanofibers and CNFs in the formation of efficient physical crosslinks at PLA-PBAT, PLA-CNF and PBAT-CNF interfaces and the effect of CNFs on the PBAT fibrillation and crystallization processes were elucidated. The in situ generated composites showed drastically higher values of strain recovery ratios, strain fixity ratios, faster recovery rate and better mechanical properties compared to the blend.

scholarly journals A Novel Cobalt Metallopolymer with Redox-Matched Conjugated Organic Backbone via Electropolymerization of a Readily Available N4 Cobalt Complex

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Mikhail Karushev
Keyword(s):  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Cobalt Complex ◽  
Radical Cations ◽  
Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Redox Switching

Fast and reversible cobalt-centered redox reactions in metallopolymers are the key to using these materials in energy storage, electrocatalytic, and sensing applications. Metal-centered electrochemical activity can be enhanced via redox matching of the conjugated organic backbone and cobalt centers. In this study, we present a novel approach to redox matching via modification of the cobalt coordination site: a conductive electrochemically active polymer was electro-synthesized from [Co(Amben)] complex (Amben = N,N′-bis(o-aminobenzylidene)ethylenediamine) for the first time. The poly-[Co(Amben)] films were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), in situ UV‑vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry, and in situ conductance measurements between −0.9 and 1.3 V vs. Ag/Ag+. The polymer displayed multistep redox processes involving reversible transfer of the total of 1.25 electrons per repeat unit. The findings indicate consecutive formation of three redox states during reversible electrochemical oxidation of the polymer film, which were identified as benzidine radical cations, Co(III) ions, and benzidine di-cations. The Co(II)/Co(III) redox switching is retained in the thick polymer films because it occurs at potentials of high polymer conductivity due to the optimum redox matching of the Co(II)/Co(III) redox pair with the organic conjugated backbone. It makes poly-[Co(Amben)] suitable for various practical applications based on cobalt-mediated redox reactions.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional in situ morphometrics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection within lesions by optical mesoscopy and novel acid-fast staining

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Francis ◽  
Gillian Robb ◽  
Lee McCann ◽  
Bhagwati Khatri ◽  
James Keeble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Novel Approach

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) preclinical testing relies on in vivo models including the mouse aerosol challenge model. The only method of determining colony morphometrics of TB infection in a tissue in situ is two-dimensional (2D) histopathology. 2D measurements consider heterogeneity within a single observable section but not above and below, which could contain critical information. Here we describe a novel approach, using optical clearing and a novel staining procedure with confocal microscopy and mesoscopy, for three-dimensional (3D) measurement of TB infection within lesions at sub-cellular resolution over a large field of view. We show TB morphometrics can be determined within lesion pathology, and differences in infection with different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mesoscopy combined with the novel CUBIC Acid-Fast (CAF) staining procedure enables a quantitative approach to measure TB infection and allows 3D analysis of infection, providing a framework which could be used in the analysis of TB infection in situ.

scholarly journals In Situ Hyperspectral Raman Imaging: A New Method to Investigate Sintering Processes of Ceramic Material at High-temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Hauke ◽  
Johannes Kehren ◽  
Nadine Böhme ◽  
Sinje Zimmer ◽  
Thorsten Geisler
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Raman Imaging ◽  
In Situ Studies ◽  
Kinetic Information ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Micrometer Scale ◽  
Sintering Processes

In the last decades, Raman spectroscopy has become an important tool to identify and investigate minerals, gases, glasses, and organic material at room temperature. In combination with high-temperature and high-pressure devices, however, the in situ investigation of mineral transformation reactions and their kinetics is nowadays also possible. Here, we present a novel approach to in situ studies for the sintering process of silicate ceramics by hyperspectral Raman imaging. This imaging technique allows studying high-temperature solid-solid and/or solid-melt reactions spatially and temporally resolved, and opens up new avenues to study and visualize high-temperature sintering processes in multi-component systems. After describing in detail the methodology, the results of three application examples are presented and discussed. These experiments demonstrate the power of hyperspectral Raman imaging for in situ studies of the mechanism(s) of solid-solid or solid-melt reactions at high-temperature with a micrometer-scale resolution as well as to gain kinetic information from the temperature- and time-dependent growth and breakdown of minerals during isothermal or isochronal sintering.

A novel approach for producing polymer nanocomposites by in-situ dispersion of clay particles via friction stir processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 528 (6) ◽  
pp. 3003-3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Barmouz ◽  
Javad Seyfi ◽  
Mohammad Kazem Besharati Givi ◽  
Iman Hejazi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Davachi
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Novel Approach
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