Risk-Based Maintenance Planning for Deteriorating Pressure Vessels With Multiple Defects

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Haladuick ◽  
Markus R. Dann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Multiple Defects

Pressure vessels are subject to deterioration processes, such as corrosion and fatigue, which can lead to failure. Inspections and repairs are performed to mitigate this risk. Large industrial facilities (e.g., oil and gas refineries) often have regularly scheduled shutdown periods during which many components, including the pressure vessels, are disassembled, inspected, and repaired if necessary. This paper presents a decision analysis framework for the risk-based maintenance (RBM) planning of corroding pressure vessels. After a vessel has been inspected, this framework determines the optimal maintenance time of each defect, where the optimal time is the one that minimizes the total expected cost over the lifecycle of the vessel. The framework allows for multiple defects and two failure modes (leak and burst), and accounts for the dependent failure events. A stochastic gamma process is used to model the future deterioration growth to determine the probability of vessel failure. The novel growth model presents a simple method to predict both the depth and length of each corrosion defect to enable burst analysis. The decision analysis framework can aid decision makers in deciding when a repair or replacement should be performed. This method can be used to immediately inform the decision maker of the optimal decision postinspection. A numerical example of a corroding pressure vessel illustrates the method.

scholarly journals Genetic Algorithm for Inspection and Maintenance Planning of Deteriorating Structural Systems: Application to Pressure Vessels

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Haladuick ◽  
Markus Dann
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
Plan Optimization ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Maintenance Plan

For engineering systems, decision analysis can be used to determine the optimal decision from a set of options via utility maximization. Applied to inspection and maintenance planning, decision analysis can determine the best inspection and maintenance plan to follow. Decision analysis is relatively straightforward for simple systems. However, for more complex systems with many components or defects, the set of all possible inspection and maintenance plans can be very large. This paper presents the use of a genetic algorithm to perform inspection and maintenance plan optimization for complex systems. The performance of the genetic algorithm is compared to optimization by exhaustive search. A numerical example of life cycle maintenance planning for a corroding pressure vessel is used to illustrate the method. Genetic algorithms are found to be an effective approach to reduce the computational demand of solving complex inspection and maintenance optimizations.

Risk Based Inspection Planning for Deteriorating Pressure Vessels

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Haladuick ◽  
Markus R. Dann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Inspection Planning ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Inspection Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aid Decision

Pressure vessels are subject to deterioration processes, such as corrosion and fatigue. If left unchecked these deterioration processes can lead to failure; therefore, inspections and repairs are performed to mitigate this risk. Oil and gas facilities often have regular scheduled shutdown periods during which many components, including the pressure vessels, are disassembled, inspected, and repaired or replaced if necessary. The objective of this paper is to perform a decision analysis to determine the best course of action for an operator to follow after a pressure vessel is inspected during a shutdown period. If the pressure vessel is inspected and an unexpectedly deep corrosion defect is detected an operator has two options: schedule a repair for the next shutdown period, or perform an immediate unscheduled repair. A scheduled repair is the preferred option as it gives the decision maker lead time to accommodate the added labour and budgetary requirements. This preference is accounted for by a higher cost of immediate unscheduled repairs relative to the cost of a scheduled repair at the next shutdown. Depending on the severity of deterioration either option could present the optimal course of action. In this framework the decision that leads to the minimum expected cost is selected. A stochastic gamma process was used to model the future deterioration growth using the historical inspection data, considering the measurement error and uncertain initial wall thickness, to determine the probability of pressure vessel failure. The decision analysis framework can be used to aid decision makers in deciding when a repair or replacement action should be performed. This method can be used in real time decision making to inform the decision maker immediately post inspection. A numerical example of a corroding pressure vessel illustrates the method.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Filling Distribution and Height Levels Inside an Insulated Pressure Vessel by Guided Elastic Wave Attenuation Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Robert Neubeck ◽  
Mareike Stephan ◽  
Tobias Gaul ◽  
Bianca Weihnacht ◽  
Lars Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guided Waves ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Scale Experiment

The operation efficiency and safety of pressure vessels in the oil and gas industry profits from an accurate knowledge about the inner filling distribution. However, an accurate and reliable estimation of the multi-phase height levels in such objects is a challenging task, especially when considering the high demands in practicability, robustness in harsh environments and safety regulations. Most common systems rely on impractical instrumentation, lack the ability to measure solid phases or require additional safety precautions due to their working principle. In this work, another possibility to determine height levels by attenuation tomography with guided elastic waves is proposed. The method uses a complete instrumentation on the outer vessel shell and is based on the energy conversion rates along the travel path of the guided waves. Noisy data and multiple measurements from sparsely distributed sensor networks are translated into filling levels with accuracies in the centimeter range by solving a constrained optimization problem. It was possible to simultaneously determine sand, water, and oil phases on a mock-up scale experiment, even for artificially created sand slopes. The accuracy was validated by artificial benchmarking for a horizontal vessel, giving references for constructing an affordable prototype system.

Designing CO2 Transmission Pipelines Without Crack Arrestors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme G. King ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Pipeline Network

Masdar is developing several carbon capture projects from power plants, smelters, steel works, industrial facilities and oil and gas processing plants in Abu Dhabi in a phased series of projects. Captured CO2 will be transported in a new national CO2 pipeline network with a nominal capacity of 20×106 T/y to oil reservoirs where it will be injected for reservoir management and sequestration. Design of the pipeline network considered three primary factors in the selection of wall thickness and toughness, (a) steady and transient operating conditions, (b) prevention of longitudinal ductile fractures and (c) optimization of total project owning and operating costs. The paper explains how the three factors affect wall thickness and toughness. It sets out code requirements that must be satisfied when choosing wall thickness and gives details of how to calculate toughness to prevent propagation of long ductile fracture in CO2 pipelines. It then uses cost optimization to resolve contention between the different requirements and arrive at a safe and economical pipeline design. The design work selected a design pressure of 24.5 MPa, well above the critical point for CO2 and much higher than is normally seen in conventional oil and gas pipelines. Despite its high operating pressure, the proposed network will be one of the safest pipeline systems in the world today.

Safety Assessment of Long Term Serviced Pressure Vessels: A Case Study of Typical Refining and Chemical Plants in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Han ◽  
Guoshan Xie ◽  
Haiyi Jiang ◽  
Xiaowei Li
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Safety Specification ◽  
Detailed Assessment

Abstract The safety and risk of the long term serviced pressure vessels, especially which serviced more than 20 years, has become one of the most concerned issues in refining and chemical industry and government safety supervision in China. According to the Chinese pressure vessel safety specification TSG 21-2016 “Supervision Regulation on Safety Technology for Stationary Pressure Vessel”, if necessary, safety assessment should be performed for the pressure vessel which reaches the design service life or exceeds 20 years without a definite design life. However, the safety and risk conditions of most pressure vessels have little changes after long term serviced because their failure modes are time-independent. Thus the key problem is to identify the devices with the time-dependent failure modes and assess them based on the failure modes. This study provided a case study on 16 typical refining and chemical plants including 1870 pressure vessels serviced more than 20 years. The quantitative risk and damage mechanisms were calculated based on API 581, the time-dependent and time-independent failure modes were identified, and the typical pressure vessels were assessed based on API 579. Taking the high pressure hydrogenation plant as an example, this study gave the detailed assessment results and conclusions. The results and suggestions in this study are essential for the safety supervision and extending life of long term serviced pressure vessels in China.

scholarly journals Designing problems of oil fields infrustructre in the Arctic under the climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Elena A. Poskonina ◽  
Anna N. Kurchatova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Forecast Modeling

Background. Designing problems of oil fields infrastructure in the Arctic under climate change, namely, applying of temperature coefficient when calculating bearing capacity, heaving of lightly loaded foundations, optimization of thermal stabilization solutions are presented in the article. Aim. To change the strategy for designing foundations on permafrost by choosing the worst soil conditions to the implementation of an invariant matrix for designing and construction of soil bases and foundations considering specifics of industrial facilities of oil and gas fields based on unified numerical calculations (regulations). Materials and methods. An overview of the current regulatory requirements to the design of foundations on permafrost is made. The analysis of forecast modeling of the temperature of soil bases of typical industrial facilities of oil and gas fields to justify design solutions and also the use of thermal stabilization systems is done. Results. It is proposed to develop a regional directory of weather stations with long observation period based on updated climate data to decrease the volume of designing work and the amount of mistakes in applying of thermal stabilization systems. It is necessary to create regional dynamic models of permafrost geosystems, implement forecast modeling of seasonal thawing potential depth and frozen ground temperature in natural landscapes on the base of geotechnical monitoring data and select adaptation methods to existing or expecting climate change trends. Conclusions. Regulations on designing and construction of soil bases and foundations on permafrost considering specifics of industrial facilities of oil and gas fields is an effective solution. It allows moving on the strategy implementation of uniform approaches to oil fields development on permafrost: from designing for every structure on the base of typical solutions and results of engineering surveys to invariant matrix of project solutions.

scholarly journals A decision analysis framework for stakeholder involvement and learning in groundwater management

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 8747-8780 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Karjalainen ◽  
P. M. Rossi ◽  
P. Ala-aho ◽  
R. Eskelinen ◽  
K. Reinikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Management ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods are increasingly used to facilitate both rigorous analysis and stakeholder involvement in natural and water resource planning. Decision making in that context is often complex and multi-faceted with numerous trade-offs between social, environmental and economic impacts. However, practical applications of decision-support methods are often too technically oriented and hard to use, understand or interpret for all participants. The learning of participants in these processes is seldom examined, even though successful deliberation depends on learning. This paper analyzes the potential of an interactive MCDA framework, the decision analysis interview (DAI) approach, for facilitating stakeholder involvement and learning in groundwater management. It evaluates the results of an MCDA process in assessing land-use management alternatives in a Finnish esker aquifer area where conflicting land uses affect the groundwater body and dependent ecosystems. In the assessment process, emphasis was placed on the interactive role of the MCDA tool in facilitating stakeholder participation and learning. The results confirmed that the structured decision analysis framework can foster learning and collaboration in a process where disputes and diverse interests are represented. Computer-aided interviews helped the participants to see how their preferences affected the desirability and ranking of alternatives. During the process, the participants' knowledge and preferences evolved as they assess their initial knowledge with the help of fresh scientific information. The decision analysis process led to the opening of a dialogue, showing the overall picture of the problem context, and the critical issues for the further process.

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