scholarly journals Direct X-Ray Imaging as a Tool for Understanding Multiphysics Phenomena in Energy Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Nelson ◽  
Zachary K. van Zandt ◽  
Piyush D. Jibhakate
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Insight Into

The lithium-ion battery (LIB) has emerged as a key energy storage device for a wide range of applications, from consumer electronics to transportation. While LIBs have made key advancements in these areas, limitations remain for Li-ion batteries with respect to affordability, performance, and reliability. These challenges have encouraged the exploration for more advanced materials and novel chemistries to mitigate these limitations. The continued development of Li-ion and other advanced batteries is an inherently multiscale problem that couples electrochemistry, transport phenomena, mechanics, microstructural morphology, and device architecture. Observing the internal structure of batteries, both ex situ and during operation, provides a critical capability for further advancement of energy storage technology. X-ray imaging has been implemented to provide further insight into the mechanisms governing Li-ion batteries through several 2D and 3D techniques. Ex situ imaging has yielded microstructural data from both anode and cathode materials, providing insight into mesoscale structure and composition. Furthermore, since X-ray imaging is a nondestructive process studies have been conducted in situ and in operando to observe the mechanisms of operation as they occur. Data obtained with these methods has also been integrated into multiphysics models to predict and analyze electrode behavior. The following paper provides a brief review of X-ray imaging work related to Li-ion batteries and the opportunities these methods provide for the direct observation and analysis of the multiphysics behavior of battery materials.

scholarly journals Lifetime Degradation Cost Analysis for Li-Ion Batteries in Capacity Markets using Accurate Physics-Based Models

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gailani ◽  
Maher Al-Greer ◽  
Michael Short ◽  
Tracey Crosbie ◽  
Nashwan Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Degradation Model ◽  
Capacity Markets ◽  
Degradation Models ◽  
Li Ion

Capacity markets (CM) are energy markets created to ensure energy supply security. Energy storage devices provide services in the CMs. Li-ion batteries are a popular type of energy storage device used in CMs. The battery lifetime is a key factor in determining the economic viability of Li-ion batteries, and current approaches for estimating this are limited. This paper explores the potential of a lithium-ion battery to provide CM services with four de-rating factors (0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h). During the CM contract, the battery experiences both calendar and cycle degradation, which reduces the overall profit. Physics-based battery and degradation models are used to quantify the degradation costs for batteries in the CM to enhance the previous research results. The degradation model quantifies capacity losses related to the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, active material loss, and SEI crack growth. The results show that the physics-based degradation model can accurately predict degradation costs under different operating conditions, and thus can substantiate the business case for the batteries in the CM. The simulated CM profits can be increased by 60% and 75% at 5 °C and 25 °C, respectively, compared to empirical and semiempirical degradation models. A sensitivity analysis for a range of parameters is performed to show the effects on the batteries’ overall profit margins.

scholarly journals Electrochemical and electron microscopic characterization of Super-P based cathodes for Li–O2 batteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Marinaro ◽  
Santhana K Eswara Moorthy ◽  
Jörg Bernhard ◽  
Ludwig Jörissen ◽  
Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Salt ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Li Ion

Aprotic rechargeable Li–O2 batteries are currently receiving considerable interest because they can possibly offer significantly higher energy densities than conventional Li-ion batteries. The electrochemical behavior of Li–O2 batteries containing bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI)/tetraglyme electrolyte were investigated by galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the formation/dissolution of Li2O2 particles at the cathode side during the operation of Li–O2 cells.

Direct evidence of a conversion mechanism in a NiSnO3 anode for lithium ion battery application

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (68) ◽  
pp. 36301-36306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun Fu ◽  
Kepeng Song ◽  
Xifei Li ◽  
Peter A. van Aken ◽  
Chunlei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Matrix Function ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Application

The ‘self-matrix’ function of NiSnO3 as an anode in Li-ion batteries has been investigated via ex situ TEM and SAED.

Freestanding MoO2/Mo2C imbedded carbon fibers for Li-ion batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2908-2914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqin Li ◽  
Haijun Ye ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Chuanyi Wang ◽  
Jiao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Phosphomolybdic Acid ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Molybdic Acid ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Storage Performance ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Highly Porous

Flexible and freestanding MoO2/Mo2C ICFs have been synthesized via an integrated procedure. The MoO2/Mo2C ICFs derived from phosphomolybdic acid presented more highly porous structures than those derived from molybdic acid, resulting in an enhanced energy storage performance for lithium ion batteries.

scholarly journals Diffraction studies of Tavorite-based polyanionic materials for Li–ion batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C356-C356
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Suard ◽  
Matteo Bianchini ◽  
Jean-Marcel Ateba Mba ◽  
Christian Masquelier ◽  
Laurence Croguennec
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Discharge

Polyanionic materials attract great interest in the field of Li-ion batteries thanks to the wide range of possible available compositions, resulting in a great amount of different properties (1). For instance, the high working potential together with a capacity of 156 mAh/g (leading to a theoretical energy density of 655 Wh/g) made Tavorite LiVPO4F a widely studied material and a suitable candidate for commercial exploitation. Here we will focus our interest on the homeotype structure of LiVPO4O. This oxy-phosphate shows the ability to exploit two redox couples, V5+/V4+ at 3.95 V vs. Li+/Li and V4+/V3+ at an average potential of 2.3 V vs. Li+/Li upon Li+ extraction and insertion, respectively (2). The two domains show marked differences both in the electrochemical signature and in the phase diagram, which is extremely rich. In particular, while the high-voltage domain shows a relatively simple two-phase transformation between LiVPO4O and ε-VPO4O, the low-voltage domain is more complicated and it shows a series of three apparent biphasic reactions while Lithium is inserted in the Tavorite structural framework. To elucidate this reaction, we performed in-situ X-Ray diffraction (Kα1), i.e. we recorded the whole process in real time during battery discharge. The end member Li2VPO4O was also isolated ex-situ and its crystal structure determined for the first time thanks to neutron diffraction measurements (3). Both the phase diagram and the different crystal structures will be discussed.

scholarly journals Spatially Resolved Operando Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of Ni-Rich Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stephen Leach ◽  
Alice V. Llewellyn ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Chun Tan ◽  
Thomas M. M. Heenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Electrochemical Cycling ◽  
Li Ion

Understanding the performance of commercially relevant cathode materials for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is vital to realize the potential of high-capacity materials for automotive applications. Of particular interest is the spatial variation of crystallographic behavior across (what can be) highly inhomogeneous electrodes. In this work, a high-resolution X-ray diffraction technique was used to obtain operando transmission measurements of Li-ion pouch cells to measure the spatial variances in the cell during electrochemical cycling. Through spatially resolved investigations of the crystallographic structures, the distribution of states of charge has been elucidated. A larger portion of the charging is accounted for by the central parts, with the edges and corners delithiating to a lesser extent for a given average electrode voltage. The cells were cycled to different upper cutoff voltages (4.2 and 4.3 V vs. graphite) and C-rates (0.5, 1, and 3C) to study the effect on the structure of the NMC811 cathode. By combining this rapid data collection method with a detailed Rietveld refinement of degraded NMC811, the spatial dependence of the degradation caused by long-term cycling (900 cycles) has also been shown. The variance shown in the pristine measurements is exaggerated in the aged cells with the edges and corners offering an even lower percentage of the charge. Measurements collected at the very edge of the cell have also highlighted the importance of electrode alignment, with a misalignment of less than 0.5 mm leading to significantly reduced electrochemical activity in that area.

A new approach for synthesizing bulk-type all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 9748-9760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linchun He ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Masashi Kotobuki ◽  
Feng Zheng ◽  
Henghui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Li Ion

All-solid-state Li-ion batteries (ASSLiB) have been considered to be the next generation energy storage devices that can overcome safety issues and increase the energy density by replacing the organic electrolyte with inflammable solid electrolyte.

Performance Analysis of Li-ion Battery Under Various Thermal and Load Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnashis Chatterjee ◽  
Pradip Majumdar ◽  
David Schroeder ◽  
S. Rao Kilaparti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Load Conditions ◽  
Charge Discharge

In the recent years, with the rapid advancements made in the technologies of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, selecting suitable batteries has become a major factor. Among the batteries currently used for these types of vehicles, the lithium-ion battery leads the race. Apart from that, the energy gained from regenerative braking in locomotives and vehicles can be stored in batteries for later use for propulsion thus improving the fuel consumption and efficiency. But batteries can be subjected to a wide range of temperatures depending upon the operating conditions. Thus, a thorough knowledge of the battery performance over a wide range of temperatures and different load conditions is necessary for their successful employment in future technologies. In this context, this study aims to experimentally analyze the performance of Li-ion batteries by monitoring the charge–discharge rates, efficiencies, and energy storage capabilities under different environmental and load conditions. Sensors and thermal imaging camera were used to track the environment and battery temperatures, whereas the charge–discharge characteristics were analyzed using CADEX analyzer. The results show that the battery performance is inversely proportional to charge–discharge rates. This is because, at higher charge–discharge rates, the polarization losses increase thus increasing internal heat generation and battery temperature. Also, based on the efficiency and energy storage ability, the optimum performing conditions of the Li-ion battery are 30–40 °C (temperature) and 0.5 C (C-rate).

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