scholarly journals Solar Variability Datalogger

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lave ◽  
Joshua Stein ◽  
Ryan Smith
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Solar Variability ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Present Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

To address the lack of knowledge of local solar variability, we have developed and deployed a low-cost solar variability datalogger (SVD). While most currently used solar irradiance sensors are expensive pyranometers with high accuracy (relevant for annual energy estimates), low-cost sensors display similar precision (relevant for solar variability) as high-cost pyranometers, even if they are not as accurate. In this work, we present evaluation of various low-cost irradiance sensor types, describe the SVD, and present validation and comparison of the SVD collected data. The low cost and ease of use of the SVD will enable a greater understanding of local solar variability, which will reduce developer and utility uncertainty about the impact of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations and thus will encourage greater penetrations of solar energy.

scholarly journals The representation of solar cycle signals in stratospheric ozone. Part II: Analysis of global models

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Maycock ◽  
Katja Matthes ◽  
Susann Tegtmeier ◽  
Hauke Schmidt ◽  
Rémi Thiéblemont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Solar Variability ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Stratospheric Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of changes in incoming solar irradiance on stratospheric ozone abundances should be included in climate model simulations to fully capture the atmospheric response to solar variability. This study presents the first systematic comparison of the solar-ozone response (SOR) during the 11 year solar cycle amongst different chemistry-climate models (CCMs) and ozone databases specified in climate models that do not include chemistry. We analyse the SOR in eight CCMs from the WCRP/SPARC Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1) and compare these with three ozone databases: the Bodeker Scientific database, the SPARC/AC&C database for CMIP5, and the SPARC/CCMI database for CMIP6. The results reveal substantial differences in the representation of the SOR between the CMIP5 and CMIP6 ozone databases. The peak amplitude of theSOR in the upper stratosphere (1–5 hPa) decreases from 5 % to 2 % between the CMIP5 and CMIP6 databases. This difference is because the CMIP5 database was constructed from a regression model fit to satellite observations, whereas the CMIP6 database is constructed from CCM simulations, which use a spectral solar irradiance (SSI) dataset with relatively weak UV forcing. The SOR in the CMIP6 ozone database is therefore implicitly more similar to the SOR in the CCMI-1 models than to the CMIP5 ozone database, which shows a greater resemblance in amplitude and structure to the SOR in the Bodeker database. The latitudinal structure of the annual mean SOR in the CMIP6 ozone database and CCMI-1 models is considerably smoother than in the CMIP5 database, which shows strong gradients in the SOR across the midlatitudes owing to the paucity of observations at high latitudes. The SORs in the CMIP6 ozone database and in the CCMI-1 models show a strong seasonal dependence, including large meridional gradients at mid to high latitudes during winter; such seasonal variations in the SOR are not included in the CMIP5 ozone database. Sensitivity experiments with a global atmospheric model without chemistry (ECHAM6.3) are performed to assess the impact of changes in the representation of the SOR and SSI forcing between CMIP5 and CMIP6. The experiments show that the smaller amplitude of the SOR in the CMIP6 ozone database compared to CMIP5 causes a decrease in the modelled tropical stratospheric temperature response over the solar cycle of up to 0.6 K, or around 50 % of the total amplitude. The changes in the SOR explain most of the difference in the amplitude of the tropical stratospheric temperature response in the case with combined changes in SOR and SSI between CMIP5 and CMIP6. The results emphasise the importance of adequately representing the SOR in climate models to capture the impact of solar variability on the atmosphere. Since a number of limitations in the representation of the SOR in the CMIP5 ozone database have been identified, CMIP6 models without chemistry are encouraged to use the CMIP6 ozone database to capture the climate impacts of solar variability.

Solar Chimney Power Plant Performance for Different Seasons Under Varying Solar Irradiance and Temperature Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulku Ece Ayli ◽  
Ekin Özgirgin ◽  
Maısarh Tareq
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Solar Chimney

Abstract One of the most promising renewable energy sources is solar energy due to low cost and low harmful emissions, and from the 1980s, one of the most beneficial applications of solar energy is the utilization of solar chimney power plants (SCPP). Recently, with the advancement in computer technology, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology for studying SCPP has become an extensive, robust, and powerful technique. In light of the above, in this study, numerical simulations of an SCPP through three-dimensional axisymmetric modeling is performed. A numerical model is created using CFD software, and the results are verified with an experimental study from the literature. The amount of solar radiation and surrounding weather (ambient temperature) were analyzed, and the effects of the irradiance and air temperature on the output power of the SCPP were studied. Ambient temperature is considered as one of the most important factors that influence collector efficiency in a negative or a positive manner. Solar irradiance is considered to be the most important factor that has an impact on SCPP performance. The investigation includes the study of the relationship between solar insolation and ambient temperatures during the daytime since the difference between the minimum and maximum power values and the performance are very important considering seasonal changes. According to the results, power values are dependent on the amount of solar radiation as well as the ambient temperature, and the importance of selection of location thus climate for an SCPP is found to affect the design of the SCPP.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Object from Two-Dimensional Images by Utilizing Distance Regularized Level Algorithm and Mesh Object Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 0899
Author(s):  
Samera Shams Hussei ◽  
Sukaina Sh Altyar ◽  
Lubab Ahmed Tawfeeq ◽  
Eman S. Harba
Keyword(s):  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Object A ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Dimensional Object

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from images is a most beneficial method of object regeneration by using a photo-realistic way that can be used in many fields. For industrial fields, it can be used to visualize the cracks within alloys or walls. In medical fields, it has been used as 3D scanner to reconstruct some human organs such as internal nose for plastic surgery or to reconstruct ear canal for fabricating a hearing aid device, and others. These applications need high accuracy details and measurement that represent the main issue which should be taken in consideration, also the other issues are cost, movability, and ease of use which should be taken into consideration. This work has presented an approach for design and constructed a low-cost three-dimensional object scanner. We have proposed a 3D canal reconstruction system (ear or nose) based on using 2D images for reconstruction 3D object. A low-cost EndoScope with a proposed program based upon utilized the segmentation algorithm type “Distance Regularized Level” to segment active edges from images then generate mesh object in order to generate 3D structure for small canals or cracks. The results show good accuracy of the reconstructed object in both details and their measurements which are related to the success in the reconstruction of algorithm that yields good three-dimensional meshes object.  

The Impact of Low Cost Micro-processors on Airborne Navigation Systems

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-394
Author(s):  
P. A. Hearne ◽  
D. J. Hamlin
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Analog Computation ◽  
Personal View ◽  
New Sensors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Digital Computers

The following paper was presented at an Ordinary Meeting of the Institute held in London on 21 March 1979 with Mr S. S. D. Jones in the Chair.This paper is not so much a forecast of future navigation systems as a personal view of the philosophy of the increased use of micro-processors. Digital computers were first introduced into airborne systems in the late 1950s to meet the demands of new sensors such as inertial navigators and star trackers for which analog computation methods proved inadequate and inaccurate, but their cost restricted their application to specialized high accuracy systems.

An Exploratory Study to Fill the Gap Between Co-Design Tools and Industrial Applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Peruzzini ◽  
Maura Mengoni ◽  
Michele Germani
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Design Review ◽  
Design Collaboration ◽  
Collaborative Processes ◽  
Collaboration Quality ◽  
Remote Design ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the application of remote collaborative environments in product design, in particular for design review activities. In this context, companies actually face some troubles: limited knowledge about available tools, difficulty in coming to know and using innovative systems, and complexity in evaluating the impact of the technology on design collaboration. The present research suggests a novel collaborative environment (the CoReD platform) that merges system simplicity, project-oriented approach and customizable functions. It defines a metric-based protocol considering both performances and cognitive aspects to assess collaboration quality and then monitors design review sessions within three industrial Consortia. Research contributions are to answer two main questions: how to arrange a low-cost co-design environment and how to effectively evaluate the human-system interaction and collaborative performance in industrial use. Experimental results highlight that the CoReD platform is able to efficiently improve collaborative processes by affecting both product-process performance and human-based collaboration, mainly thanks to: system architecture simplicity, low cost, high customizable functionalities and ease of use for remote design. However, results demonstrate also that significant advantages can be achieved only if industrial partners have a good level of technical expertise and high motivation to collaborate each other.

Ultrasound-based speckle-tracking in tendons: a critical analysis for the technician and the clinician

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene B. Svensson ◽  
Laura C. Slane ◽  
S. Peter Magnusson ◽  
Stijn Bogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
The Impact

Ultrasound has risen to the forefront as one of the primary tools in tendon research, with benefits including its relatively low cost, ease of use, and high safety. Moreover, it has been shown that cine ultrasound can be used to evaluate tendon deformation by tracking the motion of anatomical landmarks during physical movement. Estimates from landmark tracking, however, are typically limited to global tissue properties, such that clinically relevant regional non-uniformities may be missed. Fortunately, advancements in ultrasound scanning have led to the development of speckle-tracking algorithms, which enable the non-invasive measurement of in vivo local deformation patterns. Despite their successes in other fields, the adaptation of speckle-tracking to tendon research has presented some unique challenges as a result of tissue anisotropy and micro-structural changes under load. With no generally accepted standards for its use, current methodological approaches vary substantially between studies and research groups. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to provide a summative review of the technical complexities and variations of speckle-tracking approaches being used, and the impact these decisions may have on measured results and their interpretation. Variations in these approaches currently being used with relevant technical aspects are discussed first ("For the technician"), followed by a discussion of the more clinical considerations ("For the clinician"). Finally, a summary table of common challenges encountered when implementing speckle-tracking is provided, with suggested recommendations for minimizing the impact of such potential sources of error.

scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE SLOP SOLAR DISTILLER WHEN USING A TWO REFLECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Yaseen. H. MAHMOOD ◽  
Abeer Ibrahim ASHAWI
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
River Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
The Impact

The lack of safe drinking water is a major problem in many areas. Most of which located within the range of high solar sun and the enormous potential of solar energy can be exploited to turn salt water into drinking water. The most economical and easy way to achieve this goal is to use solar distillation. Two low-cost "Single Slope" solar distillers were designed to examine the impact of adding concentrates and reflectors on daily yield and efficiency and then compare the results. Results obtained from practical experiments have shown that solar distillers with internal and external reflectors made of mirrors have increased in efficiency by 6% and 12% when one liter and two liters of river water are added, respectively, from the distiller under the effect of the parabola concentrator. The daily yield was also (60 and 240) ml higher for the solar distiller, which contained both internal and external reflectors.

scholarly journals AEROSOL INFLUENCE ON PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION FOR THE STATE OF GOIÁS (BRAZIL)

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W12-2020 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
C. R. Silveira Júnior ◽  
G. C. Luiz ◽  
G. A. S. Barbosa ◽  
L. G. C. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Geostationary Satellites ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The presence of aerosols in atmosphere has the potential to decrease the efficiency of solar photovoltaic energy generation. The central region of Brazil presents a remarkable growth of these aerosols between March and October, when the region undergoes a period of intensive slash and burn agriculture. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of this anthropogenic aerosol on electric power generation by comparing data from geostationary satellites with photovoltaic power generation data.

Design of Single Axis Tracking Solar Photovoltaic Tracking System

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Wei Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
High Control ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System ◽  
Control Accuracy

This paper presents a single axis tracking solar photovoltaic system,the system has the advantages of simple structure, high control accuracy, low cost. The tracking system be composed of sunlight sensor, controller, barrel ,motor. It can freely achieve to rotate in the space within the range from 0°to 180°. The sunshine vertical irradiation bias in the solar panel is not more than 0.3°. Compared with the fixed photovoltaic system,it can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

scholarly journals Diseño e implementación de un sistema seguidor solar inteligente a dos ejes para optimizar la producción de energía fotovoltaica con una lente de fresnel y un sistema de limpieza robotizado a bajo costo

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
José Juan Hernández-Medina ◽  
Hilario López-Xelo ◽  
José Luis Cabrera-Pérez ◽  
Aldo Hernández-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Fresnel Lenses ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentrate Solar Energy

Photovoltaic systems with Fresnel lenses are expensive, as well as technologically complex, due to their optical, mechanical and control components. In addition, all these systems are sensitive to operation and maintenance costs. This article proposes the use of commercial Fresnel lenses to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic modules, in conjunction with a fuzzy intelligent controlled solar tracking system with two-axis and a novel low-cost robotic cleaning system. The basic idea is that this system optimizes the production of electricity in an economically and technologically simple way. The technology of Arduino microcontrollers and fuzzy logic for control, as well as the geometry of Fresnel lenses, will be used to concentrate solar energy in a small area, not to mention that these optical devices have a low weight. The accumulated effect of energy production will be improved by a novel low cost robotic cleaning system. The alignment and perpendicularity of the impact of solar energy on photovoltaic cells must be maintained as much as possible and the performance of this system must be compared with other more expensive and technologically more complex commercial systems.

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