Underwater Superhydrophobicity: Stability, Design and Regulation, and Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahui Xue ◽  
Pengyu Lv ◽  
Hao Lin ◽  
Huiling Duan
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wetting Transition ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Entrapped Air

Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted great interest from fundamental research to engineering applications. The stability, design, and regulation of superhydrophobicity, especially in a submerged environment, have been one of the main focuses of recent efforts. This review is dedicated to illustrating the fundamental characteristics of underwater superhydrophobicity, introducing novel and effective strategies for robust design and regulation, and to providing an overview of the state-of-the-art engineering applications in drag reduction and cavitation/boiling control. First, the underlying mechanisms of wetting transition on superhydrophobic surfaces submerged underwater induced by physical phenomena including pressurization, air diffusion, fluid flow, and condensation are reviewed. The influence of the closed/open state of entrapped air cavities is differentiated. Landmark experiments demonstrating wetting transition mechanisms are surveyed. Then, novel strategies for designing robust superhydrophobic surfaces are summarized, including hierarchical, reentrant, lubricant-infused, and mechanically durable structures. Moreover, strategies for superhydrophobicity regulation are introduced, which are classified into two types: self-healing and dewetting, based on the failure regime (surface damage or meniscus collapse). The current state-of-the-art engineering applications in drag reduction and cavitation/boiling control are comprehensively reviewed. Last but not least, remaining challenges for future research are given at the conclusion.

Influence of fluid flow on the stability and wetting transition of submerged superhydrophobic surfaces

Soft Matter ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 4241-4246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaolei Xiang ◽  
Yahui Xue ◽  
Pengyu Lv ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Huiling Duan
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Convective Diffusion ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Diffusion Regime ◽  
Wetting Transition ◽  
The Stability

The stability of submerged superhydrophobic surfaces for drag reduction significantly depends on the flow rate by a convective diffusion regime.

Validating Autonomic Services

2017 ◽  
pp. 1523-1545
Author(s):  
Tariq M. King ◽  
Peter J. Clarke ◽  
Mohammed Akour ◽  
Annaji S. Ganti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Dynamic Adaptation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Autonomic Systems ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Runtime Testing

Autonomic service-driven applications represent a new realm of software that can discover new capabilities, automatically integrate with other systems, and adapt to changing system environmental conditions. For the past many years, researchers and practitioners have been investigating, prototyping, and evaluating these self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting systems. Although validation is expected to play a key role in the success of autonomic systems, there are few works that address this topic. Dynamic adaptation in autonomic software results in structural and behavioral runtime changes, which cannot be validated offline at design-time. Runtime testing has therefore emerged as a possible solution to validating dynamic adaptations in autonomic software. This chapter summarizes the state-of-the-art in runtime testing of autonomic systems, describes key challenges associated with runtime testing, and provides guidelines for integrating runtime testing approaches into autonomic software using self-testing architectures. Finally, directions for future research for validation of autonomic components are discussed.

scholarly journals Interpretable Machine Learning for Genomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Watson
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Statistics ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Current State ◽  
Interpretable Machine Learning ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract High-throughput technologies such as next generation sequencing allow biologists to observe cell function with unprecedented resolution, but the resulting datasets are too large and complicated for humans to understand without the aid of advanced statistical methods. Machine learning (ML) algorithms, which are designed to automatically find patterns in data, are well suited to this task. Yet these models are often so complex as to be opaque, leaving researchers with few clues about underlying mechanisms. Interpretable machine learning (iML) is a burgeoning subdiscipline of computational statistics devoted to making the predictions of ML models more intelligible to end users. This article is a gentle and critical introduction to iML, with an emphasis on genomic applications. I define relevant concepts, motivate leading methodologies, and provide a simple typology of existing approaches. I survey recent examples of iML in genomics, demonstrating how such techniques are increasingly integrated into research workflows. I argue that iML solutions are required to realize the promise of precision medicine. However, several open challenges remain. I examine the limitations of current state of the art tools and propose a number of directions for future research. While the horizon for iML in genomics is wide and bright, continued progress requires close collaboration across disciplines.

Validating Autonomic Services

2014 ◽  
pp. 197-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq M. King ◽  
Peter J. Clarke ◽  
Mohammed Akour ◽  
Annaji S. Ganti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Dynamic Adaptation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Autonomic Systems ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Runtime Testing

Autonomic service-driven applications represent a new realm of software that can discover new capabilities, automatically integrate with other systems, and adapt to changing system environmental conditions. For the past many years, researchers and practitioners have been investigating, prototyping, and evaluating these self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting systems. Although validation is expected to play a key role in the success of autonomic systems, there are few works that address this topic. Dynamic adaptation in autonomic software results in structural and behavioral runtime changes, which cannot be validated offline at design-time. Runtime testing has therefore emerged as a possible solution to validating dynamic adaptations in autonomic software. This chapter summarizes the state-of-the-art in runtime testing of autonomic systems, describes key challenges associated with runtime testing, and provides guidelines for integrating runtime testing approaches into autonomic software using self-testing architectures. Finally, directions for future research for validation of autonomic components are discussed.

A Systematic Literature Review of the EFQM Excellence Model from 1991 to 2019

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Petr Bris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
The Subject

A systematic literature review (SLR) from 1991 to 2019 is carried out about EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present state of the art in quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model that will guide future research lines in this field. The articles were searched with the help of six strings and these six strings were executed in three popular databases i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Around 584 peer-reviewed articles examined, which are directly linked with the subject of quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model. About 108 papers were chosen finally, then the purpose, data collection, conclusion, contributions, and type of quantitative of the selected papers are discussed and analyzed briefly in this study. Thus, this study identifies the focus areas of the researchers and knowledge gaps in empirical quantitative literature on the EFQM excellence model. This article also presents the lines of future research.

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Remodeling of Mitochondria in Cardiac Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Sun ◽  
Jalen Alford ◽  
Hongyu Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Functional Remodeling ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Remodeling ◽  
Normal Cellular Function

Mitochondria undergo structural and functional remodeling to meet the cell demand in response to the intracellular and extracellular stimulations, playing an essential role in maintaining normal cellular function. Merging evidence demonstrated that dysregulation of mitochondrial remodeling is a fundamental driving force of complex human diseases, highlighting its crucial pathophysiological roles and therapeutic potential. In this review, we outlined the progress of the molecular basis of mitochondrial structural and functional remodeling and their regulatory network. In particular, we summarized the latest evidence of the fundamental association of impaired mitochondrial remodeling in developing diverse cardiac diseases and the underlying mechanisms. We also explored the therapeutic potential related to mitochondrial remodeling and future research direction. This updated information would improve our knowledge of mitochondrial biology and cardiac diseases’ pathogenesis, which would inspire new potential strategies for treating these diseases by targeting mitochondria remodeling.

The Importance of the Posterolateral Area of the Diaphragm Muscle for Palpation and for the Treatment of Manual Osteopathic Medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bruno Bordoni ◽  
Stevan Walkowski ◽  
Allan Escher ◽  
Bruno Ducoux
Keyword(s):  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Osteopathic Medicine ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Solid Foundation

The eupneic act in healthy subjects involves a coordinated combination of functional anatomy and neurological activation. Neurologically, a central pattern generator, the components of which are distributed between the brainstem and the spinal cord, are hypothesized to drive the process and are modeled mathematically. A functionally anatomical approach is easier to understand although just as complex. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is part of osteopathic medicine, which has many manual techniques to approach the human body, trying to improve the patient’s homeostatic response. The principle on which OMT is based is the stimulation of self-healing processes, researching the intrinsic physiological mechanisms of the person, taking into consideration not only the physical aspect, but also the emotional one and the context in which the patient lives. This article reviews how the diaphragm muscle moves, with a brief discussion on anatomy and the respiratory neural network. The goal is to highlight the critical issues of OMT on the correct positioning of the hands on the posterolateral area of the diaphragm around the diaphragm, trying to respect the existing scientific anatomical-physiological data, and laying a solid foundation for improving the data obtainable from future research. The correctness of the position of the operator’s hands in this area allows a more effective palpatory perception and, consequently, a probably more incisive result on the respiratory function.

Towards Interconnected Blockchains

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Ankur Lohachab ◽  
Saurabh Garg ◽  
Byeong Kang ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Amin ◽  
Junmin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Game Changer

Unprecedented attention towards blockchain technology is serving as a game-changer in fostering the development of blockchain-enabled distinctive frameworks. However, fragmentation unleashed by its underlying concepts hinders different stakeholders from effectively utilizing blockchain-supported services, resulting in the obstruction of its wide-scale adoption. To explore synergies among the isolated frameworks requires comprehensively studying inter-blockchain communication approaches. These approaches broadly come under the umbrella of Blockchain Interoperability (BI) notion, as it can facilitate a novel paradigm of an integrated blockchain ecosystem that connects state-of-the-art disparate blockchains. Currently, there is a lack of studies that comprehensively review BI, which works as a stumbling block in its development. Therefore, this article aims to articulate potential of BI by reviewing it from diverse perspectives. Beginning with a glance of blockchain architecture fundamentals, this article discusses its associated platforms, taxonomy, and consensus mechanisms. Subsequently, it argues about BI’s requirement by exemplifying its potential opportunities and application areas. Concerning BI, an architecture seems to be a missing link. Hence, this article introduces a layered architecture for the effective development of protocols and methods for interoperable blockchains. Furthermore, this article proposes an in-depth BI research taxonomy and provides an insight into the state-of-the-art projects. Finally, it determines possible open challenges and future research in the domain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document