scholarly journals Investigation on the Impact of Protrusion Parameter on the Efficiency of Converting Additional Windage Loss for Ingress Alleviation in Rotor–Stator System

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
Zhi Tao ◽  
Xiang Luo ◽  
Wenwu Kang ◽  
Hongwei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Cavity Pressure ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
System Experiment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Proper Setting

This paper presents a detailed investigation on the impact of protrusion parameter including both radial position and amount on the efficiency of cavity with protrusion converting additional windage loss for ingress alleviation in rotor–stator system. Experiment is conducted to explore the effect of protrusion parameter on ingress, and the corresponding additional windage loss is also calculated. During the experiment, rotor-mounted protrusions are circumferentially assembled at three different radial positions (0.9b, 0.8b, and 0.7b) each with four different amounts (32, 24, 16, and 8). Measurements of CO2 concentration and pressure inside turbine cavity are conducted. In the experiment, the annulus Reynolds number and rotating Reynolds number are set at 1.77 × 105 and 7.42 × 105, respectively, while the dimensionless sealing air flow rate ranges from 3047 to 8310. Experimental result shows that the cases of protrusion set at 0.8b achieve higher sealing efficiency than other cases as the cavity pressure is enhanced. The effect of protrusion amount on ingress could be obviously seen when CW is small or protrusion set in 0.7b. Furthermore, a parameter to evaluate which case obtains higher efficiency of converting additional windage loss for ingress alleviation, or alleviates ingress more efficiently for short, is applied for discussion. It is found that the case “C, N = 8” alleviates ingress most efficiently among all the cases. Therefore, proper setting of the protrusion could lead to high efficiency of converting additional windage loss for ingress alleviation in rotor–stator system.

Development of a New Factor for Hot Gas Ingestion Through Rim Seal

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
Zhi Tao ◽  
Xiang Luo ◽  
Hongwei Wu ◽  
Xiao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Cavity Pressure ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Phase Angle Difference ◽  
Hot Gas

This article presents a further investigation on the mechanism of hot gas ingestion by exploring the ingress with complicated cavity generated by the rotor-mounted cylinder protrusion. During the experiment, a cavity with 32 cylinder protrusions circumferentially distributed in rotor that contained 59 blades is applied. The annulus Reynolds number and rotating Reynolds number are fixed to be 1.77 × 105 and 7.42 × 105, respectively, while the dimensionless sealing air flow rate ranges from 3047 to 8310. The measurement of CO2 concentration and pressure is conducted. Experimental results show that the sealing efficiency is improved with the introduction of the cylinder protrusions even the static pressure inside cavity is found to be reduced. The effect of the circumferentially nonuniform cavity pressure wave is considered and added into the orifice model, and the effect of some impact factors, i.e., the amplitude, initial phase angle difference, and frequency of the cavity pressure wave, on hot gas ingestion is theoretically discussed in detail. However, it is noted that the cavity pressure wave that was introduced by 32 cylinder rotor-mounted protrusions is found to have insignificant effect on improving the sealing efficiency. In the present study, a modified orifice model that takes the tangential velocity into account is proposed and a new factor H is introduced to well explain the mechanism of the ingress.

scholarly journals Model of thermal buoyancy in cavity-ventilated roof constructions

2021 ◽  
pp. 174425912098418
Author(s):  
Toivo Säwén ◽  
Martina Stockhaus ◽  
Carl-Eric Hagentoft ◽  
Nora Schjøth Bunkholt ◽  
Paula Wahlgren
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Air Cavity ◽  
Thermal Buoyancy ◽  
The Impact

Timber roof constructions are commonly ventilated through an air cavity beneath the roof sheathing in order to remove heat and moisture from the construction. The driving forces for this ventilation are wind pressure and thermal buoyancy. The wind driven ventilation has been studied extensively, while models for predicting buoyant flow are less developed. In the present study, a novel analytical model is presented to predict the air flow caused by thermal buoyancy in a ventilated roof construction. The model provides means to calculate the cavity Rayleigh number for the roof construction, which is then correlated with the air flow rate. The model predictions are compared to the results of an experimental and a numerical study examining the effect of different cavity designs and inclinations on the air flow rate in a ventilated roof subjected to varying heat loads. Over 80 different test set-ups, the analytical model was found to replicate both experimental and numerical results within an acceptable margin. The effect of an increased total roof height, air cavity height and solar heat load for a given construction is an increased air flow rate through the air cavity. On average, the analytical model predicts a 3% higher air flow rate than found in the numerical study, and a 20% lower air flow rate than found in the experimental study, for comparable test set-ups. The model provided can be used to predict the air flow rate in cavities of varying design, and to quantify the impact of suggested roof design changes. The result can be used as a basis for estimating the moisture safety of a roof construction.

Base-Vented Hydrofoils of Finite Span Under a Free Surface: An Experimental Investigation

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 90-106
Author(s):  
Jacques Verron ◽  
Jean-Marie Michel
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cavity Length ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Pulsation Frequency ◽  
Cavity Pressure ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Cavity Configuration

Experimental results are given concerning the behavior of the flow around three-dimensional base-vented hydrofoils with wetted upper side. The influence of planform is given particular consideration so that the sections of the foils are simple wedges with rounded noses. Results concern cavity configuration, the relation between the air flow rate and cavity pressure, leading-edge cavitation, cavity length, pulsation frequency, and force coefficients.

scholarly journals Finite Element Simulation of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluid through the Parallel Plates Affixed with Single Screen

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Abid Ali Memon ◽  
Muhammad Asif Memon ◽  
Kaleemullah Bhatti ◽  
Gul Muhammad Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Maximum Flow Rate ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
The Impact

In the contemporary research article we have performed a numerical investigation of the non-Newtonian fluid flow through a rectangular channel with a fixed solid screen devoted at the angles 100 to 450 degrees. We have employed the power-law model for shear thickening and shear thinning fluids with the high Reynolds number between 1000 and 10,000. The obstacle has been solved by putting in the Galerkin’s least square strategy of the finite element method and the procedure has been carried out utilizing the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. Various flow properties such as 'maximum flow rate' and 'pressure' have been discussed in the terms of the Reynolds number and also using the linear and quadratic regressions in order to establish the relationship between them for the future analysis. Moreover the impact of turning screen in the shape of increment in the maximum flow rate and pressure is checked in terms of Reynolds number and  Satisfactory results are gained in comparison with the results available in the literature.

scholarly journals Experimental Study and Performance Analysis of a Portable Atmospheric Water Generator

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Pengkun Yu ◽  
Zhongting Hu ◽  
Song Lv ◽  
Minghui Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Thermoelectric Coolers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Found in some specific scenarios, drinking water is hard for people to get, such as during expeditions and scientific investigations. First, a novel water generator with only two thermoelectric coolers (Model A) is designed for extracting water from atmospheric vapor and then experimentally studied under a small inlet air flow rate. The impact of operating conditions on surface temperatures of cold/hot sides and water yield are investigated, including the air flow rate and humidity. Alternately, to determine the super performance of Model A, a comparative experiment between Model A and a reference model (Model B) is carried out. The results suggest that both the cold/hot temperature and water yield in Model A increases with the humidity and air flow rate rising. Seen in comparisons of Model A and Model B, it is found that, at an air humidity of 90% and air flow rate of 30 m3/h, the total water yield was increased by 43.4% and the corresponding value reached the maximum increment of 66.7% at an air humidity of 60% and air flow rate of 30 m3/h. These features demonstrate the advantage of Model A especially in low air humidity compared to Model B.

Prediction of alpha factor values for fine pore aeration systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gillot ◽  
A. Héduit
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Alpha Factor ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work was to analyse the impact of different geometric and operating parameters on the alpha factor value for fine bubble aeration systems equipped with EPDM membrane diffusers. Measurements have been performed on nitrifying plants operating under extended aeration and treating mainly domestic wastewater. Measurements performed on 14 nitrifying plants showed that, for domestic wastewater treatment under very low F/M ratios, the alpha factor is comprised between 0.44 and 0.98. A new composite variable (the Equivalent Contact Time, ECT) has been defined and makes it possible for a given aeration tank, knowing the MCRT, the clean water oxygen transfer coefficient and the supplied air flow rate, to predict the alpha factor value. ECT combines the effect on mass transfer of all generally accepted factors affecting oxygen transfer performances (air flow rate, diffuser submergence, horizontal flow).

scholarly journals Parametric Experiments on Coaxial Airblast Jet Atomization

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Farago ◽  
Norman Chigier
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Liquid Sheet ◽  
Velocity Range ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Reynolds Number Range ◽  
Air Stream

Experiments using high speed, high magnification, and high contrast photography on airblast coaxial atomizers were carried out to study the wave characteristics of liquid surfaces, ligament breakup, and droplet formation. Liquid flow rate was changed from 4 to 50 kg/h, corresponding to a velocity range of 1.5 to 18 m/s, and a Reynolds number range of 1400 to 18000. Air flow rate was varied from 8 to 70 kg/h, corresponding to a velocity range of 22 to 180 m/s, and a Reynolds number range of 13000 to 105000. Tube wall thicknesses of 145 and 320 microns were used. Under different flow conditions, different jet instabilities (capillary, helical and Kelvin-Helmholtz) and different dominant mechanisms of ligament formation were observed. One of the most surprising experimental results is that, under certain flow conditions, the coaxial round liquid jet, surrounded by an axisymmetric annular air stream, forms a flat curling liquid sheet. This liquid sheet breaks into droplet clouds with a frequency of a few thousand Hertz and emits strong oscillations and fluctuating, highly non-axisymmetric vibrations.

Odour assessment: determining the optimum temperature and time for Tedlar sampling bag pre-conditioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1806-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Bokowa
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Odours present in new Tedlar bags can impact the assessment of emissions from sewer collection systems and wastewater treatment plants. Conditioning protocols are needed to minimise the impact of background materials emissions on the sampling and assessment of odourous emissions. Olfactometry analysis has shown that background odour concentrations for new Tedlar bags can be as high as 130 OUE/m3. Experimental studies were undertaken to investigate the impact of different conditioning temperatures in order to determine the optimum temperature for cleaning new Tedlar bags to a level when no detectable odours were present in the sampling bags via dilution olfactometry. For the purpose of this study, new Tedlar bags were cleaned in a temperature-controlled oven that had a constant filtered air flow-rate. From the analysis of odour and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations found in new Tedlar bags during the cleaning process, it was observed that odour and VOCs concentrations decreased with time. It was also found that the temperature setting plays a significant role in the cleaning of the Tedlar bags as large concentrations of phenols and acetamide, N,N-dimethyl were found in new Tedlar bags and their concentrations decreased following the temperature pre-conditioning.

An analytical study to evaluate the impact of distributed zone fans on the air flow rate in a mechanical ventilation system

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-516
Author(s):  
Fa-Li Ju ◽  
Liying Liu ◽  
Xiaoping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Testing ◽  
Fan Speed ◽  
The Impact

Based on air flow rate testing of each branch fan in a distributed fan ventilation system under different branch air duct inlet static pressures, the conclusion can be drawn that there is a branch fan air flow rate deviation phenomenon. The air flow rate of the branch fan increases with the branch air duct inlet static pressure at the same branch fan speed, and the branch fan hinders the air flow rate in some cases. In this study, a theoretical expression of the deviation of the branch air duct design air flow rate was established, and the influencing factors of the deviation were determined to include the branch air duct resistance characteristics, branch fan performance, and branch air duct inlet pressure ratio. A graphic analytical method for determining the deviation of the branch fan design air flow rate was also proposed. Both methods can provide a theoretical basis for calculating and analysing the deviation of the branch fan design air flow rate in a distributed fan ventilation system. Practical application: This paper provides new data on the performance of a distributed fan ventilation system. Our results could be used to evaluate the impact of distributed zone fans on the air flow rate in a mechanical ventilation system. Crucially, we not only propose two types of methods that can be applied to predict deviations of the air flow rate in a distributed fan ventilation system caused by the branch air duct inlet static pressures but also obtain the factors that are important for understanding the true impact of the deviation of the branch fan air flow rate. This study lays an important foundation for the design and operation of building mechanical ventilation systems.

scholarly journals Finite Element Simulation of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluid through the Parallel Plates Affixed with Single Screen

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Abid Ali Memon ◽  
Muhammad Asif Memon ◽  
Kaleemullah Bhatti ◽  
Gul Muhammad Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Maximum Flow Rate ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
The Impact

In the contemporary research article we have performed a numerical investigation of the non-Newtonian fluid flow through a rectangular channel with a fixed solid screen devoted at the angles 100 to 450 degrees. We have employed the power-law model for shear thickening and shear thinning fluids with the high Reynolds number between 1000 and 10,000. The obstacle has been solved by putting in the Galerkin’s least square strategy of the finite element method and the procedure has been carried out utilizing the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. Various flow properties such as 'maximum flow rate' and 'pressure' have been discussed in the terms of the Reynolds number and also using the linear and quadratic regressions in order to establish the relationship between them for the future analysis. Moreover the impact of turning screen in the shape of increment in the maximum flow rate and pressure is checked in terms of Reynolds number and  Satisfactory results are gained in comparison with the results available in the literature.

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