Design, Construction, and Characterization of an Adjustable 70 kW High-Flux Solar Simulator

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Xu ◽  
Cheng Tang ◽  
Yongpan Cheng ◽  
Zijin Li ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Plane ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Participating Media ◽  
System A ◽  
Full Power ◽  
Design Construction

The design, construction, and characterization of a solar simulator are reported. The solar simulator consists of an optical system, a power source system, an air cooling system, a control system, and a calibration system. Seven xenon short-arc lamps were used, each consuming 10 kW electricity. The lamps were aligned at the reflector ellipsoidal axis. The stochastic Monte Carlo method analyzed the interactions between light rays and reflector surfaces as well as participating media. The seven lamps have a common focal plane. The focal plane diameters can be changed in the range of 60–120 mm with the lamp module traveling the distance in a range of 0–300 mm. The calibration process established a linear relationship between irradiant fluxes and grayscale values. The measures to reduce irradiant flux error and fluctuations were described. The irradiant flux distribution can be changed by varying the power capacities and/or moving the focal plane locations. The peak fluxes are 1.92, 3.16, and 3.91 MW/m2 for 25%, 50%, and 75% of the full power capacity. The peak flux and temperature exceed 4 MW/m2 and 2300 K, respectively, for the full power capacity. A 8 cm thick refractory brick can be melt in 2 min with the melting temperature of about 2300 K when the solar simulator is operating at 70% of the maximum power capacity.

Numerical Simulation on the Temperature Characteristics of Indirect Air Cooling System

2015 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 536-540
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhi Qiu ◽  
Yan Ming Zhao ◽  
Bao Hua Huang ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
System Change ◽  
Temperature Characteristic ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
System A ◽  
Air Cooling System ◽  
Simulation Results

Based on the analysis of indirect air cooling system, a numerical simulation model of indirect air cooling system was constructed by ANSYS software. According to the different wind speed condition, the temperature characteristic of indirect air cooling system was analyzed. The simulation results show that with the increase of wind speed, the ventilation and heat release of the indirect air cooling system change greatly. It provides a theoretical basis for the design of the wind-proof device of indirect air cooling system.

scholarly journals Application of Ultrasonic Atomization in a Combined Circulation System of Spray Evaporative Cooling and Air Cooling for Electric Machines

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1773
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Lin Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Ultrasonic Atomization ◽  
System A ◽  
Air Circulation

A combined circulation system of spray evaporative cooling and air cooling (CCSSECAC) is a way to enhance the cooling performance of an air-cooled electric machine while maintaining its existing structure. Based on a traditional air-cooled machine, when the discrete evaporative cooling medium particles are scattered into the airflow, they will reach the heat source with the air circulation. The cooling capacity of the cooling system is enhanced simultaneously through the phase transition and convection heat transfer. Ultrasonic atomization is a simple way to produce tiny droplets and a good way to improve the performance of CCSSECAC. To verify the effectiveness of such a system, a principle test model was built and a multi-operational condition experiment was carried out as an exploratory study. The experimental results showed that the new cooling system was feasible for horizontal machines, and the stator coil temperature was significantly reduced compared with the air-cooled mode.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of the Air Cooling System for Scientific Payload Rack on a Space Station

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6145
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Lou ◽  
Ben-Yuan Cai ◽  
Yun-Ze Li ◽  
Jia-Xin Li ◽  
En-Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
System A ◽  
Air Cooling System ◽  
Scientific Payload

The space scientific payload rack is a multifunctional experimental platform, and the requirements of the environmental temperature index are different for diversified experimental modules inside. The air cooling system is an important part of the rack thermal control system. A new type of air cooling system with small size and flexible arrangement is proposed in this paper, that is, micro air ducts with pinhole-sized air vents. The rack physical models of new and traditional air cooling modes are established, respectively. The numerical simulation of the inner air flow is carried out by Ansys Fluent CFD software (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA), which verifies that compared with the traditional method, the temperature field and flow field of the new air cooling method are more uniform, and the heat sources located at the edge of the rack can also be cooled better.

scholarly journals Design and Characterization of a 7.2 KW Solar Simulator

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Boubault ◽  
Julius Yellowhair ◽  
Clifford K. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
System A ◽  
Metal Halide Lamp ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Average Irradiance ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Good Agreement

A 7.2 kW radiative solar simulator was designed in order to perform accelerated testing on absorber materials for concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. Computer-aided design (CAD) software integrating a ray-tracing tool was used to select appropriate components and optimize their positioning in order to achieve the desired concentration. The simulator comprises four identical units, each made out of an ellipsoidal reflector, a metal halide lamp and an adjustable holding system. A single unit was characterized and shows an experimental average irradiance of 257 kW m−2 on a 25.4 mm (1 inch) diameter spot. Shape, spot size and average irradiance are in good agreement with the model predictions. The innovative four-lamp solar simulator potentially demonstrates peak irradiance of 1140 kW m−2 and average irradiance of 878 kW m−2 over a 25.4 mm diameter spot. The costs per radiative and electric watt are calculated at $2.31 W−1 and $1.99 W−1, respectively.

scholarly journals Design and Characterization of a 7.2 kW Solar Simulator

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Boubault ◽  
Julius Yellowhair ◽  
Clifford K. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Radiative Efficiency ◽  
System A ◽  
Average Irradiance ◽  
Aided Design

A 7.2 kW (electric input) solar simulator was designed in order to perform accelerated testing on absorber materials for concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. computer-aided design (cad) software integrating a ray-tracing tool was used to select appropriate components and optimize their positioning in order to achieve the desired concentration. The simulator comprises four identical units, each made out of an ellipsoidal reflector, a metal halide lamp, and an adjustable holding system. A single unit was characterized and shows an experimental average irradiance of 257 kW m−2 on a 25.4 mm (1 in) diameter spot. Shape, spot size, and average irradiance are in good agreement with the model predictions, provided the emitting arc element model is realistic. The innovative four-lamp solar simulator potentially demonstrates peak irradiance of 1140 kW m−2 and average irradiance of 878 kW m−2 over a 25.4 mm diameter area. The electric-to-radiative efficiency is about 0.86. The costs per radiative and electric watt are calculated at $2.31 W−1 and $1.99 W−1, respectively. An upgraded installation including a sturdier structure, computer-controlled lamps, a more reliable lamp holding system, and safety equipment yields a cost per electric watt of about $3.60 W−1 excluding labor costs.

Numerical Characterization of a High Flux Solar Simulator Using Forward and Inverse Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Abuseada ◽  
Nesrin Ozalp
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
New Approach ◽  
First Order ◽  
Numerical Characterization ◽  
Tracing Method

Abstract The numerical characterization of a 10 kWe xenon arc high flux solar simulator is thoroughly presented and performed using two approaches: a forward Monte Carlo ray tracing (MCRT) method and an inverse ray tracing method. Experimental characterization was previously performed for the solar simulator using an indirect flux mapping technique, where the experimental heat flux distribution was obtained at the focal plane and additional 12 planes away from the simulator. For the first numerical characterization method, an in-house MCRT code was used to determine the shape of the xenon arc to best model the simulator. It was determined that an isotropic volumetric source consisting of a hemisphere of 1 mm radius that is attached to a cylinder of 1 mm in radius and 10 mm in length well described the experimental results obtained. The in-house code was then used to generate heat flux maps similar to that obtained experimentally and determine the intensity at the focal plane to be used by the inverse ray tracing method presented for its validation. For the inverse method, intensity interpolation schemes of zeroth and first-order were examined in addition to different solution strategies. It is shown that a first-order interpolation scheme unnecessary complicates the inverse problem, leading to larger errors. In addition, a new approach of constraining the formulated system of equations with an equality constraint that works by eliminating intensity values not tracing back to the ellipsoidal reflector is proposed. This new approach provided intensity values with reduced percentage errors.

ANALYSIS OF COMPETING VARIANTS OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS WITHOUT AIR EXTRACTION FROM ENGINES AT THE STAGE OF PASSENGER AIRCRAFT ONBOARD SYSTEMS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Denis Igorevich Smagin ◽  
Konstantin Igorevich Starostin ◽  
Roman Sergeevich Savelyev ◽  
Anatoly Anatolyevich Satin ◽  
Anastasiya Romanovna Neveshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Research University ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Moscow Aviation Institute ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

One of the ways to achieve safety and comfort is to improve on-board air conditioning systems.The use of air cooling machine determines the air pressure high level at the point of selection from the aircraft engine compressor. Because of the aircraft operation in different modes and especially in the modes of small gas engines, deliberately high stages of selection have to be used for ensuring proper operation of the refrigeration machine in the modes of the aircraft small gas engines. Into force of this, most modes of aircraft operation have to throttle the pressure of the selected stage of selection, which, together with the low efficiency of the air cycle cooling system, makes the currently used air conditioning systems energy inefficient.A key feature of the architecture without air extraction from the main engines compressors is the use of electric drive compressors as a source of compressed air.A comparative analysis of competing variants of on-board air conditioning system without air extraction from engines for longrange aircraft projects was performed at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).The article deals with the main approaches to the decision-making process on the appearance of a promising aircraft on-board air conditioning system at the stage of its conceptual design and formulated the basic requirements for the structure of a complex criterion at different life cycle stages.The level of technical and technological risk, together with a larger installation weight, will require significant costs for development, testing, debugging and subsequent implementation, but at the same time on-board air conditioning system scheme without air extraction from the engines will achieve a significant increase in fuel efficiency at the level of the entire aircraft.

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