Estimating Endoscopic Orientation in Static and Dynamic States With Inertial Sensors

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung V. Dao ◽  
Takashi Komeda
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Natural Orifice ◽  
Final Choice ◽  
Future State ◽  
Angle Change ◽  
Small Delay ◽  
Gravitational Vector ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents a new method for estimating the tilt angles of endoscopic images. Disorientation is one of the major challenges during natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Reorientation allows surgeons or gastroenterologists to work in off-axis conditions and provides an important reference for coupling a secondary image. Some published studies of angle estimation for NOTES still have the limitation under the influence of movement or vibration. This study proposes a new sensor-fusion method for reducing the shock-based error. A triaxial accelerometer measures the gravitational vector (g-components) in all static states. When motion appears, the angular velocity from a triaxial gyroscope is used to calculate the elemental changes in g-components. A so-called predict-and-choose process relies on this data to predict the future state by giving many prediction values. The relationship between these values, the newest accelerometer readings, and their variation determine the final choice. Hence, under all conditions, the gravitational components are iteratively estimated to calculate the tilt angles. The result is evaluated by being applied in a well-known application, endoscopic horizon stabilization. Compared with the reference method, the proposed method has notable advantages. The simulation and experimental results show small errors, smooth angle change, and a small delay time. The tilt angles are reliable without any cumulative error under the prolonged motion. Therefore, this study gives surgeons or gastroenterologists an improved rectified image for reorienting under off-axis conditions. Further research will identify more applications for the development of surgical instruments for NOTES.

The Sterility of Reusable Surgical Instruments with Pouches Packaging on One of the Private Hospital in Bandung

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurniawansyah I. S. ◽  
Mita S. R. ◽  
Najla E. ◽  
Nindayani E.
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Sterility Testing ◽  
Reusable Instruments ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Infection ◽  
Long Storage

Healthcare associated infection is one of the common infection that happens in Indonesia. One form control to prevent healthcare associated infection is the sterilization process of the materials and medical instruments that used for taking care of patients. At the private hospital whereas a place of research, there’s never been done the study of sterility test for reusable instrument with pouches, based on previous studies showed that 8 sets from 40 sets of reusable instrument with linen were not sterile moreover there were positively influence from the amount of time to the sterility of reusable instrument. The purpose of these studies was to determining the relationship between a long storage time and the sterility of reusable instruments with pouches. The method that used in this study was the sterility testing of reusable instrument with pouches which were stored in a central operations room storage with a long storage time of 1 and 2 months. From 30 reusable instruments with pouches which were stored for nine months there were 5 instruments were not sterile. The results of statistic analysis showed that the amount of storage time not significantly associated to the sterility of reusable instrument with pouches in the operating room central storage space.

scholarly journals Sensors in the Autoclave-Modelling and Implementation of the IoT Steam Sterilization Procedure Counter

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Lukas Boehler ◽  
Mateusz Daniol ◽  
Ryszard Sroka ◽  
Dominik Osinski ◽  
Anton Keller
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Steam Sterilization ◽  
Automated Evaluation ◽  
Normative Requirements ◽  
Thermal Simulations ◽  
The Relationship

Surgical procedures involve major risks, as pathogens can enter the body unhindered. To prevent this, most surgical instruments and implants are sterilized. However, ensuring that this process is carried out safely and according to the normative requirements is not a trivial task. This study aims to develop a sensor system that can automatically detect successful steam sterilization on the basis of the measured temperature profiles. This can be achieved only when the relationship between the temperature on the surface of the tool and the temperature at the measurement point inside the tool is known. To find this relationship, the thermodynamic model of the system has been developed. Simulated results of thermal simulations were compared with the acquired temperature profiles to verify the correctness of the model. Simulated temperature profiles are in accordance with the measured temperature profiles, thus the developed model can be used in the process of further development of the system as well as for the development of algorithms for automated evaluation of the sterilization process. Although the developed sensor system proved that the detection of sterilization cycles can be automated, further studies that address the possibility of optimization of the system in terms of geometrical dimensions, used materials, and processing algorithms will be of significant importance for the potential commercialization of the presented solution.

Trilateration approaches for seamless out-/indoor GNSS and Wi-Fi smartphone positioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Guenther Retscher ◽  
Jonathan Kleine ◽  
Lisa Whitemore
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Point Location ◽  
Point Determination ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract More and more sensors and receivers are found nowadays in smartphones which can enable and improve positioning for Location-based Services and other navigation applications. Apart from inertial sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscope and magnetometer, receivers for Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and GNSS signals can be employed for positioning of a mobile user. In this study, three trilateration methods for Wi-Fi positioning are investigated whereby the influence of the derivation of the relationship between the received signal strength (RSS) and the range to an Access Points (AP) are analyzed. The first approach is a straightforward resection for point determination and the second is based on the calculation of the center of gravity in a triangle of APs while weighting the received RSS. In the third method a differential approach is employed where as in Differential GNSS (DGNSS) corrections are derived and applied to the raw RSS measurements. In this Differential Wi-Fi (DWi-Fi) method, reference stations realized by low-cost Raspberry Pi units are used to model temporal RSS variations. In the experiments in this study two different indoor environments are used, one in a laboratory and the second in the entrance of an office building. The results of the second and third approach show position deviations from the ground truth of around 2 m in dependence of the geometrical point location. Furthermore, the transition between GNSS positioning outdoors and Wi-Fi localization indoors in the entrance area of the building is studied.

scholarly journals IFCC Reference System for Measurement of Hemoglobin A1c in Human Blood and the National Standardization Schemes in the United States, Japan, and Sweden: A Method-Comparison Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieland Hoelzel ◽  
Cas Weykamp ◽  
Jan-Olof Jeppsson ◽  
Kor Miedema ◽  
John R Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference System ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Method Comparison Study ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The national programs for the harmonization of hemoglobin (Hb)A1c measurements in the US [National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP)], Japan [Japanese Diabetes Society (JDS)/Japanese Society of Clinical Chemistry (JSCC)], and Sweden are based on different designated comparison methods (DCMs). The future basis for international standardization will be the reference system developed by the IFCC Working Group on HbA1c Standardization. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationships between the IFCC Reference Method (RM) and the DCMs. Methods: Four method-comparison studies were performed in 2001–2003. In each study five to eight pooled blood samples were measured by 11 reference laboratories of the IFCC Network of Reference Laboratories, 9 Secondary Reference Laboratories of the NGSP, 3 reference laboratories of the JDS/JSCC program, and a Swedish reference laboratory. Regression equations were determined for the relationship between the IFCC RM and each of the DCMs. Results: Significant differences were observed between the HbA1c results of the IFCC RM and those of the DCMs. Significant differences were also demonstrated between the three DCMs. However, in all cases the relationship of the DCMs with the RM were linear. There were no statistically significant differences between the regression equations calculated for each of the four studies; therefore, the results could be combined. The relationship is described by the following regression equations: NGSP-HbA1c = 0.915(IFCC-HbA1c) + 2.15% (r2 = 0.998); JDS/JSCC-HbA1c = 0.927(IFCC-HbA1c) + 1.73% (r2 = 0.997); Swedish-HbA1c = 0.989(IFCC-HbA1c) + 0.88% (r2 = 0.996). Conclusion: There is a firm and reproducible link between the IFCC RM and DCM HbA1c values.

scholarly journals The Impact of Entrepreneurial Business Networks on Firms’ Performance Through a Mediating Role of Dynamic Capabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar Abbas ◽  
Saqlain Raza ◽  
Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Mohd Sobri Minai ◽  
Shaher Bano
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Business Network ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This precise study is the first to perform a focalized investigation on the relationship between entrepreneurial business networks and sustainable performance of small firms. The entrepreneurial business network is a multifaceted business network of business firms, working together to achieve business objectives. Business relationships and firm aggregations are the main categories of entrepreneurial business networks, which help small and medium-sized enterprises to become more dynamic, innovative and competitive. The entrepreneurial business network is a networking, which provides a platform to build business relationships, identify, develop or act upon economic opportunities, share information and seek potential business partners for ventures. However, few studies have sought to understand the association of entrepreneurial business network (EBN) and firms’ sustainable performance in the context of Pakistan. This investigation aims to examine the relationship between EBN and small firms’ sustainable performance by applying the Smart PLS-SEM software V-3.2.8. This study explores how dynamic capabilities mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial business network and sustainable performance of small firms. The data received reports on small firms, manufacturing surgical instruments. The findings indicated that the entrepreneurial business network had a significant positive relationship with dynamic capabilities, which in turn presented a positive relation to a sustainable performance of small firms. By developing sustainable EBN, small firms can achieve sustainable performance by implementing dynamic capabilities in a competitive environment. The results affirmed that highly entrepreneurial firms showed a tendency to create a business network for achieving sustainable performance. The results also revealed that firms using business networks and dynamic capabilities efficiently; achieved their sustainable performance. The findings indicated that the study proposed a holistic and systematic model to achieve sustainable performance through firms’ dynamic capabilities. The generalizability of these findings provides useful insight and direction for future studies in Pakistan.

Comparison of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Japan Diabetes Society reference methods for conversion to the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program values

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-514
Author(s):  
Katsuyuki Nakajima ◽  
Isao Koyama ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Masakazu Nakamura ◽  
Yoshihiro Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
National Programmes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Relationship

Background The national programmes for the harmonization of haemoglobin A1c measurement in the US and Japan are based on differently designated comparison methods. The future basis for international standardization is expected to be the reference system developed by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) Working Group on haemoglobin A1c Standardization. The aim of the present study is to compare the relationship between the IFCC reference method (RM) and Japanese Diabetes Society (JDS) RM used for the conversion to the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) values. Methods Three different method-comparison studies were performed. All blood samples were measured at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centers (Lipid Reference Laboratories) that serve as Level 1 reference laboratories of the NGSP Network. Regression equations were calculated for the IFCC RM and JDS RM for the conversion to NGSP values. Results Differences were found between the haemoglobin A1c values of the IFCC RM and those of JDS. However, in all cases, the relationships of the IFCC RM and JDS RM were linear and commutable. The relationship is described by the following regression equations: NGSP-HbA1c = 0.915(IFCC-HbA1c) + 2.15% (r2 = 0.998); JDS/JSCC-HbA1c = 0.927(IFCC-HbA1c) + 1.73% (r2 = 0.997). Conclusion There is a firm and reproducible link between the IFCC and JDS-HbA1c values. However, the values calibrated by JDS RM were consistently and significantly higher than the IFCC values (0.1–0.2%) when used for conversion to the NGSP values.

The Relationship between the Asphalt Indoor Aging Experiment and Actual Using Period

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1747-1750
Author(s):  
Zhong Gen Liu ◽  
Chun Yang Xia ◽  
Xiao Hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Asphalt Road ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Selection Of

This paper indoors for a sample of No90 asphalt has finished the asphalt aging, penetration, viscosity test at different temperature and time, comparing the indoor test results with the indexes of asphalt road actual use, the indoor test result and actual use aging relationship in all life-span service, to provide a reference method for the evaluation of asphalt anti-aging properties and selection of asphalt.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Holding Time and the Bacterial Load on Surgical Instruments

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Percin ◽  
Hafize Sav ◽  
Hatice Tuna Hormet-Oz ◽  
Murat Karauz
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between instrumental leaf grade and Shirley Analyzer trash content in cotton lint

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091-1098
Author(s):  
Yongliang Liu ◽  
Christopher Delhom
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Type Size ◽  
International Trading ◽  
The Relationship

With the increasing acceptance of high volume instrument (HVI™) instrumental leaf grade index in both domestic and international trading, there is a continued interest in the relationship between instrumental leaf grade and equivalent trash gravimetric content (% percent by mass) from cotton customers and regulators. Due to the complexity of not only trash type, size, and its weight distribution but also the nature of HVI and gravimetric methods, it is an on-going challenge to examine such a relationship. In this study, the Shirley Analyzer (SA) was used to determine the gravimetric cotton trash in percent by mass (%). This system is the traditional cotton trash reference method that is still utilized as a routine tool in the cotton industry, despite being a destructive process that is both labor-intensive and time-consuming. This study first investigated the correlations between three SA trash readings ( SAvisible, SAinvisible, and SAtotal) and respective leaf grade categories, and it revealed a general trend of increasing SAvisible and SAtotal trash content with elevating leaf grade. Then, comparison of SAvisible trash content in the current study to that in separate studies indicated a good agreement for low leaf grade cottons (<4). Next, the principal component analysis of near infrared spectra from SAvisible trash portions revealed a different pattern in PC1 score between low leaf grade (1–4) and high leaf grade (5 and 6) SA visible trash remains, implying a general change of more leaf-related trash in low leaf grade cottons to more non-leaf-related trash in high leaf grade cottons.

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