On the Use of Ultrasound-Based Technology for Cargo Inspection

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Álvarez-López ◽  
José A. Martínez-Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lamb Wave ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Cargo Inspection ◽  
Wave Imaging

A new guided wave imaging application for fast, low-cost ultrasound-based cargo scanning system is proposed. The ultimate goal is the detection of high-atomic-number, shielding containers used to diminish the radiological signature of nuclear threats. This ultrasonic technology has the potential to complement currently deployed X-ray-based radiographic systems, thus enhancing the probability of detecting nuclear threats. An array of ultrasonic transceivers can be attached to the metallic structure of the cargo to create a guided Lamb wave. Guided medium thickness and composition variation creates reflections whose placement can be revealed by means of an imaging algorithm. The knowledge of the reflection position provides information about the shielding metallic container location inside the cargo. Moreover, due to the low coupling between metallic and nonmetallic surfaces, only the footprint of metallic containers shows up in the imaging results, thus avoiding false positives from plastic or wooden assets. As imaging capabilities are degraded if working with dispersive Lamb wave modes, the operating frequency is tuned to provide a tradeoff between low dispersion and real-time image resolution. Reflected waves in the guided domain bounds may limit the performance of imaging methods for guided media. This contribution proposes a solution based on real-time Fourier domain analysis, where plane wave components can be filtered out, thus removing nondesired contributions from bounds. Several realistic examples, scaled due to limited calculation capabilities of the available computational resources, are presented in this work, showing the feasibility of the proposed method.

An Ultrasonic Approach for Sensing and Imaging Shielding Containers of Nuclear Threats

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Á. Martínez Lorenzo ◽  
Yuri Álvarez López
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Imaging Algorithm ◽  
Composition Variation ◽  
Imaging Application ◽  
Ultrasonic Technology ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Wave Imaging

A new guided wave imaging application for fast, low-cost ultrasound-based cargo scanning system is presented. The goal is the detection of high-atomic-number, shielding containers used to diminish the radiological signature of nuclear threats. This ultrasonic technology complements currently deployed X-ray-based radiographic systems, thus enhancing the probability of detecting nuclear threats. An array of acoustic transceivers can be attached to the metallic structure of the truck to create a guided acoustic wave. Guided medium thickness and composition variation creates reflections whose placement can be revealed by means of an imaging algorithm. The knowledge of the reflection position provides information about the shielding container location inside the truck. Reflected waves in the guided domain bounds may limit the performance of imaging methods for guided media. This contribution proposes a solution based on Fourier domain analysis, where plane wave components can be filtered out, thus removing non-desired contributions from bounds. Apart from this, the imaging algorithm can be used to recover information about material composition. Simulation-based examples are used for algorithm validation.

scholarly journals Monitoring Dynamic Structural Tests Using Image Deblurring Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 932-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M.J. McCarthy ◽  
Jim H. Chandler ◽  
Alessandro Palmeri
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Test Element ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Blurred Image ◽  
Structural Tests

Photogrammetric techniques have demonstrated their suitability for monitoring static structural tests. Advantages include scalability, reduced cost, and three dimensional monitoring of very high numbers of points without direct contact with the test element. Commercial measuring instruments now exist which use this approach. Dynamic testing is becoming a convenient approach for long-term structural health monitoring. If image based methods could be applied to the dynamic case, then the above advantages could prove beneficial. Past work has been successful where the vibration has either large amplitude or low frequency, as even specialist imaging sensors are limited by an inherent compromise between image resolution and imaging frequency. Judgement in sensor selection is therefore critical. Monitoring of structures in real-time is possible only at a reduced resolution, and although imaging and computer processing hardware continuously improves, so the accuracy demands of researchers and engineers increase. A new approach to measuring vibration is introduced here, whereby a long-exposure photograph is used to capture a blurred image of the vibrating structure. The high resolution blurred image showing the whole vibration interval is measured with no need for high-speed imaging. Results are presented for a series of small-scale laboratory models, as well as a larger scale test, which demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed technique. Different image processing strategies are presented and compared, as well as the effects of exposure, aperture and sensitivity selection. Image processing time appears much faster, increasing suitability for real-time monitoring.

scholarly journals ReS2tAC—UAV-Borne Real-Time SGM Stereo Optimized for Embedded ARM and CUDA Devices

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3938
Author(s):  
Boitumelo Ruf ◽  
Jonas Mohrs ◽  
Martin Weinmann ◽  
Stefan Hinz ◽  
Jürgen Beyerer
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Graphics Hardware ◽  
Global Matching ◽  
Stereo Processing

With the emergence of low-cost robotic systems, such as *UAV, the importance of embedded high-performance image processing has increased. For a long time, FPGAs were the only processing hardware that were capable of high-performance computing, while at the same time preserving a low power consumption, essential for embedded systems. However, the recently increasing availability of embedded GPU-based systems, such as the NVIDIA Jetson series, comprised of an ARM CPU and a NVIDIA Tegra GPU, allows for massively parallel embedded computing on graphics hardware. With this in mind, we propose an approach for real-time embedded stereo processing on ARM and CUDA-enabled devices, which is based on the popular and widely used Semi-Global Matching algorithm. In this, we propose an optimization of the algorithm for embedded CUDA GPUs, by using massively parallel computing, as well as using the NEON intrinsics to optimize the algorithm for vectorized SIMD processing on embedded ARM CPUs. We have evaluated our approach with different configurations on two public stereo benchmark datasets to demonstrate that they can reach an error rate as low as 3.3%. Furthermore, our experiments show that the fastest configuration of our approach reaches up to 46 FPS on VGA image resolution. Finally, in a use-case specific qualitative evaluation, we have evaluated the power consumption of our approach and deployed it on the DJI Manifold 2-G attached to a DJI Matrix 210v2 RTK *UAV, demonstrating its suitability for real-time stereo processing onboard a *UAV.

scholarly journals Application of UAV Remote Sensing Mapping in Map Drawing

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Xu Chen, Kuan He, Yuntong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Surveying And Mapping

UAV aerial remote sensing system has the characteristics of strong real-time, flexible, high image resolution and low cost, which can be applied to map mapping tasks under various terrain. In this paper, the key technology of UAV Remote Sensing Surveying and mapping, the process of image processing, the research of mosaic method and the field application of remote sensing technology are studied. Aiming at the characteristics of UAV image with high resolution and small image frame, three methods of image map making are proposed, namely, single image geometric correction method, mosaic correction method and aerial triangulation method. This paper focuses on the key technical problems of the three methods, and makes a comprehensive analysis and experimental verification of each method from the aspects of mapping effect, accuracy and efficiency. The experimental results show that the UAV remote sensing technology can meet the real-time basic surveying and mapping data requirements of urban mapping. This method can meet the needs of 1:500 high-precision mapping. The system can reduce the cost and improve the usability when it is used to update the basic data of Urban Surveying and mapping.

Guided Wave Matching Layer Using a Quarter of Wavelength Technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
H.M. Ilham ◽  
M.N. Salim ◽  
R.B. Jenal ◽  
T. Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Lamb Wave ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Aluminum Plate ◽  
Multiple Wave ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Matching Layer ◽  
Quarter Wavelength ◽  
Wave Matching

Matching layers of acoustic impedance are intensively studied in ultrasonic transducers for the efficiency of wave transmission. Large impedance mismatch between the active element of piezo and parent material in long range ultrasonic is also expected to have the similar affects on the ratio of the transmitted and reflected waves which can cause high reflection at the interface that result acoustic wave ringing and indicate low transmitted energy for inspection over large areas. This simulation study present analysis of Lamb wave propagation through a single matching layer from a piezoelectric transducers. It explains transmitted waves into aluminum plate using different materials of matching plates at thickness of quarter wavelength. Four matching plates with close to the computed value of acoustic impedance had been used in FEM simulations to study effect of the matching layers on the transmitted Lamb wave in aluminum plate. The results indicated slightly different phenomenon of multiple wave reflections from the transmitted S0 and A0 modes at boundary of the matching layer.

Computational Acceleration of Real-Time Kernel-Based Tracking System

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Pandey ◽  
J. S. Ubhi ◽  
Kota Solomon Raju
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Processing ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Computational Speed

Object tracking in real-time is one of the applications of video processing, where the required computational cost is high due to intensive high data processing. In order to solve these problems, this paper presents an embedded solution, where the Hardware/Software (HW/SW) co-design architecture is used for the implementation of well-known kernel-based tracking system. In this algorithm, the target is searched in consecutive frame by maximizing the statistical match with similarity estimation of color distribution. The whole tracking system is implemented on low cost Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device with image resolution of 1280[Formula: see text]720 pixels and target window size of 160[Formula: see text]80 pixels. The HW/SW co-design architecture is proposed to accelerate the computational speed of the system. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of execution speed and frame rate compared with software based implementation. The hardware cost of design is also compared with other existing methods. The proposed design achieves 22 times computational speed and maximum 60 Frames Per Second (FPS) compared with software based design.

LOW COST REAL TIME ROCKET TELEMETRY SYSTEM DESIGN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Almeida Souza ◽  
Larissa Barbosa ◽  
Glênio Ramalho ◽  
Alexandre Zuquete Guarato
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Telemetry System

Low-Cost Hardware Implementation of Human Blood Identification Device Using Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network on FPGA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizki Eka Putri ◽  
Denny Darlis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
System Input ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Short Time

This article was under review for ICELTICS 2018 -- In the medical world there is still service dissatisfaction caused by lack of blood type testing facility. If the number of tested blood arise, a lot of problems will occur so that electronic devices are needed to determine the blood type accurately and in short time. In this research we implemented an Artificial Neural Network on Xilinx Spartan 3S1000 Field Programable Gate Array using XSA-3S Board to identify the blood type. This research uses blood sample image as system input. VHSIC Hardware Discription Language is the language to describe the algorithm. The algorithm used is feed-forward propagation of backpropagation neural network. There are 3 layers used in design, they are input, hidden1, and output. At hidden1layer has two neurons. In this study the accuracy of detection obtained are 92%, 92%, 92%, 90% and 86% for 32x32, 48x48, 64x64, 80x80, and 96x96 pixel blood image resolution, respectively.

Low-Cost High-Speed Techniques for Real-Time Simulation of Power Electronic Systems

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Crosbie ◽  
J. J. Zenor ◽  
R. Bednar ◽  
D. Word ◽  
N. G. Hingorani
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Real Time Simulation ◽  
Time Simulation
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