Sagittal Fluoroscopy for the Assessment of Hindfoot Kinematics

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. McHenry ◽  
Emily Exten ◽  
Jason T. Long ◽  
Gerald F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Plane Model ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Anatomic Locations ◽  
Joint Motions

Current methods of quantifying foot kinematics during gait typically use markers placed externally on bony anatomic locations. These models are unable to analyze talocrural or subtalar motion because the talus lacks palpable landmarks to place external markers. Alternative methods of measuring these clinically relevant joint motions are invasive and have been limited to research purposes only. This study explores the use of fluoroscopy to noninvasively quantify talocrural and subtalar sagittal plane kinematics. A fluoroscopy system (FS) was designed and built to synchronize with an existing motion analysis system (MAS). Simultaneous fluoroscopic, marker motion, and ground reaction force (GRF) data were collected for five subjects to demonstrate system application. A hindfoot sagittal plane model was developed to evaluate talocrural and subtalar joint motion. Maximum talocrural plantar and dorsiflexion angles averaged among all the subjects occur at 12% and 83% of stance, respectively, with a range of motion of 20.1 deg. Maximum talocrural plantar and dorsiflexion angles averaged among all the subjects occur at toe-off and 67% of stance, respectively, with a range of motion of 8.7 deg. Based on the favorable comparison between the current fluoroscopically measured kinematics and previously reported results from alternative methods, it is concluded that fluoroscopic technology is well suited for measuring the sagittal plane hindfoot motion.

scholarly journals 3D kinematic analysis of patients’ gait before and after unilateral total hip replacement

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Kolářová ◽  
Tomáš Vodička ◽  
Michal Bozděch ◽  
Martin Repko
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Analysis System

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe changes in the kinematic parameters in the patients’ gait after total hip replacement. Methods: Research group of men in the end stage of osteoarthritis indicated to the THR (n = 10; age 54.1 ± 7.5 years; weight 92.2 ± 9.6 kg; height 179.7 ± 5.9 cm). All participants underwent a total of three measurements: before surgery, 3 and 6 months after the surgery. Using the 3D kinematic analysis system, the patients’ gait was recorded during each measurement session and kinematic analysis was carried out. The parameters that were monitored included the sagittal range of motion while walking in the ankle, the knee and the hip joints of the operated and the unoperated limb, and the range in the hip joint’s frontal plane, the rotation of pelvis in the frontal and transverse planes, as well as the speed of walking and the walking step length. Results: Significant increases were found in sagittal range of motion in the operated hip joint, sagittal range of motion in the ankle joint on the unoperated side and in the walking step length of the unoperated limb. Conclusions: During walking after a THR, the sagittal range of motion in the ankle of the unoperated limb increases. Also, the range of motion in the sagittal plane on the operated joint increases, which is related to the lengthening of the step of the unoperated lower limb.

Symmetry function as a new tool for evaluating the symmetry of gait in transfemoral amputees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Winiarski ◽  
Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska ◽  
Mateusz Kowal
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Symmetry Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
And Shifts

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated significant asymmetries in unilateral amputee gait. The underlying dissimilarities between prosthetic and intact limbs have not yet been widely examined. To gain more insight into the functionality of asymmetries, we propose a new tool, the symmetry function (SF), to evaluate the symmetry of walking in terms of kinematic and dynamic variables of patients after unilateral transfemoral amputation and to identify areas with the largest side deviations in the movement cycle. Methods: An instrumented motion analysis system was used to register the gait of fourteen patients after unilateral trans-femoral amputation (TFA). Measurements involved evaluating the time series of gait variables characterizing a range of motion and the time series of the ground reaction force components. Comparison of the involved limb with the uninvolved limb in TFA patients was carried out on the basis of the SF values.Results: The symmetry function proved to be an excellent tool to localize the regions of asymmetry and their positive or negative directions in the full gait cycle. The difference between sides revealed by the symmetry function was the highest for the pelvis and the hip. In the sagittal plane, the pelvis was asymmetrically tilted, reaching the highest SF value of more than 25% at 60% cycle time. In the transverse plane, the pelvis was even more asymmetrically positioned throughout the entire gait cycle (50% difference on average). The hip in the frontal plane reached a 60% difference in SF throughout the single support phase for the prosthetic and then for the intact limb. Conclusions: The symmetry function allows for the detection of gait asymmetries and shifts in the center of gravity and may assess the precise in time adaptation of prostheses and rehabilitation monitoring, especially in unilateral impairments.Trial registration: The trial registration number (TRN): 379991 issued by the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) on 07.05.2020 (retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Modelling of Muscle Force Distributions During Barefoot and Shod Running

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sinclair ◽  
Stephen Atkins ◽  
Jim Richards ◽  
Hayley Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Barefoot Running ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hip Flexion

Abstract Research interest in barefoot running has expanded considerably in recent years, based around the notion that running without shoes is associated with a reduced incidence of chronic injuries. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the differences in the forces produced by different skeletal muscles during barefoot and shod running. Fifteen male participants ran at 4.0 m·s-1 (± 5%). Kinematics were measured using an eight camera motion analysis system alongside ground reaction force parameters. Differences in sagittal plane kinematics and muscle forces between footwear conditions were examined using repeated measures or Freidman’s ANOVA. The kinematic analysis showed that the shod condition was associated with significantly more hip flexion, whilst barefoot running was linked with significantly more flexion at the knee and plantarflexion at the ankle. The examination of muscle kinetics indicated that peak forces from Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Tibialis anterior were significantly larger in the shod condition whereas Gastrocnemius forces were significantly larger during barefoot running. These observations provide further insight into the mechanical alterations that runners make when running without shoes. Such findings may also deliver important information to runners regarding their susceptibility to chronic injuries in different footwear conditions.

scholarly journals Lower Limb Kinematic Coordination during the Running Motion of Stroke Patient: A Single Case Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Noboru Chiba ◽  
Tadayoshi Minamisawa
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Motion Problems ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Joint Motions

The purpose of this study was to clarify the lower limb joint motor coordination of para-athletes during running motion from frequency characteristics and to propose this as a method for evaluating their performance. The subject used was a 43-year-old male para-athlete who had suffered a left cerebral infarction. Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, the angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were measured during 1 min of running at a speed of 8 km/h on a treadmill. Nine inter- and intra-limb joint angle pairs were analyzed by coherence and phase analyses. The main characteristic of the stroke patient was that there were joint pairs with absent or increased coherence peaks in the high-frequency band above 4 Hz that were not found in healthy subjects. Interestingly, these features were also observed on the non-paralyzed side. Furthermore, a phase analysis showed different phase differences between the joint motions of the stroke patient and healthy subjects in some joint pairs. Thus, we concluded there was a widespread functional impairment of joint motion in the stroke patient that has not been revealed by conventional methods. The coherence analysis of joint motion may be useful for identifying joint motion problems in para-athletes.

Lower Extremity Biomechanical Demands During Saut de Chat Leaps

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle N Jarvis ◽  
Kornelia Kulig
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Dance Training ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

In dance, high demands are placed on the lower extremity joints during jumping tasks. The purpose of this study was to compare biomechanical demands placed on the lower extremity joints during the takeoff and landing phases of saut de chat leaps. METHODS: Thirty healthy, experienced dancers with 20.8±4.9 yrs of dance training performed 5 saut de chat leaps. A three-dimensional motion analysis system and force plates were used to collect kinematic and kinetic data. Ground reaction force (GRF) peaks and impulse and sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of the hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints were calculated for the takeoff and landing phases of each leap. RESULTS: Saut de chat takeoffs demonstrated greater braking GRF impulse (p<0.001), while landings demonstrated greater peak vertical GRF (p<0.001). During takeoff, greater kinetic demands were placed on the MTP (p<0.001) and ankle (p<0.001) joints, while during landing greater kinetic demands were placed on the hip (p=0.037) joint. CONCLUSIONS: Both the takeoff and landing phases of saut de chat leaps place significant demands on a dancer’s body. Takeoff involves greater demands on the more distal joints and requires more braking forces, while the landing phase involves greater demands on the more proximal joints of the lower extremity and requires the dancer to absorb more vertical force. These demands, combined with extensive repetition of movements during training, may contribute to the high number of chronic injuries seen in dance.

Moxibustion Intervention Effect to Vertical Jump Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171-1177
Author(s):  
Yuwei Liu ◽  
Feifei Chen ◽  
Gongju Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Liang ◽  
Sergey Popik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Young Males ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Exercise Fatigue

More and more people have known moxibustion as a traditional Chinese treatment technique. Moxibustion not only activate the immune system but also lessen sport tired effectively. The main goal of this study to investigate whether moxibustion alleviates the fatigue after the movement of the human body through biomechanics testing. The experiment recruited 6 young males as subjects, using moxibustion intervention after exercise-fatigue. The joint angle was obtained from Vicon motion analysis system, Kistler was used to measuring the GRF, jump height. In the sagittal plane, the peak angle of the hip, knee, ankle show significant differences between the intervention of moxibustion and no treatment during the take-off state. In the coronal plane, the main difference is represented in the landing state. In the transverse plane, both the take-off and landing state show the difference between the three conditions. The height of moxibustion intervention is significantly higher than baseline and no treatment; it may be indicated that the participants made a recovery well after the intervention of moxibustion. Nevertheless, the ground reaction force didn’t show significance. Overall, it can be concluded that moxibustion can have a direct effect on vertical jump performance during a fatigued state. Evidence from these results could perhaps suggest that moxibustion could be used as a preventative measure to reduce fatigue and enhance athlete performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Plano-Valgus Foot on Lower-Extremity Kinematics and Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Children of Age 5–9

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Anna Boryczka-Trefler ◽  
Małgorzata Kalinowska ◽  
Ewa Szczerbik ◽  
Jolanta Stępowska ◽  
Anna Łukaszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Dynamic Condition ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Dynamic Correction ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Arch Index

Aim of the study was to see how a definition of the flexible flat foot (FFF) influences the results of gait evaluation in a group of 49 children with clinically established FFF. Objective gait analysis was performed using VICON system with Kistler force platforms. The gait parameters were compared between healthy feet and FFF using two classifications: in static and dynamic conditions. In static condition, the ink footprints with Clarke’s graphics were used for classification, and in dynamic condition, the Arch Index from Emed pedobarograph while walking was used for classification. When the type of the foot was based on Clarke’s graphics, no statistically significant differences were found. When the division was done according to the Arch Index, statistically significant differences between flat feet and normal feet groups were found for normalized gait speed, normalized cadence, pelvic rotation, ankle range of motion in sagittal plane, range of motion of foot progression, and two parameters of a vertical component of the ground reaction force: FZ2 (middle of stance phase) and FZ3 (push-off). Some statically flat feet function well during walking due to dynamic correction mechanisms.

Effects of shoulder translation on lumbar moment for two dimensional modeling strategies during lifting

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-187
Author(s):  
Wayne J. Albert ◽  
Joan M. Stevenson ◽  
Geneviève A. Dumas ◽  
Roger W. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Model Type ◽  
Trunk Acceleration ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Trunk Orientation ◽  
Shoulder Position ◽  
Dynamic Link

The objectives of this study were to: 1) develop a dynamic 2D link segment model for lifting using the constraints of four sensors from an electromagnetic motion analysis system; 2) evaluate the magnitude of shoulder movement in the sagittal plane during lifting; and 3) investigate the effect of shoulder translation on trunk acceleration and lumbar moments calculated by the developed model and comparing it with two separate 2D dynamic link segment models. Six women and six men lifted loads of 2 kg, 7 kg, 12 kg and 2 kg, 12 kg, 22 kg respectively, under stoop, squat and freestyle conditions. Trunk orientation and position, as well as shoulder position were monitored during all lifts using the Polhemus FASTRAK\trdmk. Results indicated that average range of motion was 0.05 ± 0.02 m in the horizontal direction and 0.03 ± 0.02 m in the vertical direction. Shoulder position relative to T1 was located 0.07 ± 0.02 m anteriorly, and 0.02 ± 0.04 m superiorly (0.06 and 0.00 m for males and 0.08 and 0.04 m for females, respectively). To estimate the effect of shoulder motion on trunk acceleration and L5/S1 moments, three two-dimensional dynamic link segment models were developed within the constraints of the electromagnetic tracking system and compared. Trunk segment endpoints were defined as L5/S1 and either T1 or shoulder depending on model type. For trunk accelerations, average differences between models were greater than 40 deg/s² in 70.4% trunk accelerations did not translate into significantly different moment calculations between models. Average peak dynamic L5/S1 moment differences between models were smaller than 4 Nm for all lifting conditions which failed to be statistically significant (p>0.05). The model type did not have a statistically significant effect on peak L5/S1 moments. Therefore, despite important shoulder joint translations, peak L5/S1 moments were not significantly affected.

scholarly journals DOES BRAIN ACTIVATION DURING FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT TASKS DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN GOOD AND BAD MOVERS? AN INTEGRATED NEUROIMAGING ASSESSMENT OF MOTOR CONTROL IN YOUNG ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0013
Author(s):  
Manish Anand ◽  
Jed A. Diekfuss ◽  
Dustin R. Grooms ◽  
Alexis B. Slutsky-Ganesh ◽  
Scott Bonnette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Timing Error ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Increased Activity

Background: Aberrant frontal and sagittal plane knee motor control biomechanics contribute to increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. Emergent data further indicates alterations in brain function may underlie ACL injury high risk biomechanics and primary injury. However, technical limitations have limited our ability to assess direct linkages between maladaptive biomechanics and brain function. Hypothesis/Purpose: (1) Increased frontal plane knee range of motion would associate with altered brain activity in regions important for sensorimotor control and (2) increased sagittal plane knee motor control timing error would associate with altered activity in sensorimotor control brain regions. Methods: Eighteen female high-school basketball and volleyball players (14.7 ± 1.4 years, 169.5 ± 7 cm, 65.8 ± 20.5 kg) underwent brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a bilateral, combined hip, knee, and ankle flexion/extension movements against resistance (i.e., leg press) Figure 1(a). The participants completed this task to a reference beat of 1.2 Hz during four movement blocks of 30 seconds each interleaved in between 5 rest blocks of 30 seconds each. Concurrent frontal and sagittal plane range of motion (ROM) kinematics were measured using an MRI-compatible single camera motion capture system. Results: Increased frontal plane ROM was associated with increased brain activity in one cluster extending over the occipital fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus ( p = .003, z > 3.1). Increased sagittal plane motor control timing error was associated with increased brain activity in multiple clusters extending over the occipital cortex (lingual gyrus), frontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex ( p < .001, z > 3.1); see Figure 1 (b). Conclusion: The associations of increased knee frontal plane ROM and sagittal plane timing error with increased activity in regions that integrate visuospatial information may be indicative of an increased propensity for knee injury biomechanics that are, in part, driven by reduced spatial awareness and an inability to adequately control knee abduction motion. Increased activation in these regions during movement tasks may underlie an impaired ability to control movements (i.e., less neural efficiency), leading to compromised knee positions during more complex sports scenarios. Increased activity in regions important for cognition/attention associating with motor control timing error further indicates a neurologically inefficient motor control strategy. [Figure: see text]

scholarly journals IMU-Based Effects Assessment of the Use of Foot Orthoses in the Stance Phase during Running and Asymmetry between Extremities

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3277
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Florenciano Restoy ◽  
Jordi Solé-Casals ◽  
Xantal Borràs-Boix
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Running Injuries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Movement Differences

The objectives of this study were to determine the amplitude of movement differences and asymmetries between feet during the stance phase and to evaluate the effects of foot orthoses (FOs) on foot kinematics in the stance phase during running. In total, 40 males were recruited (age: 43.0 ± 13.8 years, weight: 72.0 ± 5.5 kg, height: 175.5 ± 7.0 cm). Participants ran on a running treadmill at 2.5 m/s using their own footwear, with and without the FOs. Two inertial sensors fixed on the instep of each of the participant’s footwear were used. Amplitude of movement along each axis, contact time and number of steps were considered in the analysis. The results indicate that the movement in the sagittal plane is symmetric, but that it is not in the frontal and transverse planes. The right foot displayed more degrees of movement amplitude than the left foot although these differences are only significant in the abduction case. When FOs are used, a decrease in amplitude of movement in the three axes is observed, except for the dorsi-plantar flexion in the left foot and both feet combined. The contact time and the total step time show a significant increase when FOs are used, but the number of steps is not altered, suggesting that FOs do not interfere in running technique. The reduction in the amplitude of movement would indicate that FOs could be used as a preventive tool. The FOs do not influence the asymmetry of the amplitude of movement observed between feet, and this risk factor is maintained. IMU devices are useful tools to detect risk factors related to running injuries. With its use, even more personalized FOs could be manufactured.

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