Influence of Residual Stress and Temperature on the Cyclic Hardening Response of M50 High-Strength Bearing Steel Subjected to Rolling Contact Fatigue

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abir Bhattacharyya ◽  
Ghatu Subhash ◽  
Nagaraj Arakere ◽  
Bryan D. Allison ◽  
Bryan McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cyclic Hardening ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Higher Temperature

Microstructural and mechanical characterization investigations on three variants of a through-hardened M50 bearing steel are presented to compare and contrast their performances under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) loading. Baseline (BL) variant of M50 steel bearing balls is subjected to: (i) a surface nitriding treatment and (ii) a surface mechanical processing treatment, to obtain distinct microstructures and mechanical properties. These balls are subjected to RCF loading for several hundred million cycles at two different test temperatures, and the subsequent changes in subsurface hardness and compressive stress–strain response are measured. It was found that the RCF-affected subsurface regions grow larger in size at higher temperature. Micro-indentation hardness measurements within the RCF-affected regions revealed an increase in hardness in all the three variants. The size of the RCF-affected region and intensity of hardening were the largest in the BL material and smallest in the mechanically processed (MP) material. Based on Goodman's diagram, it is shown that the compressive residual stress reduces the effective fully reversed alternating stress amplitude and thereby retards the initiation and evolution of subsurface plasticity within the material during RCF loading. It is quantitatively shown that high material hardness and compressive residual stress are greatly beneficial for enhancing the RCF life of bearings.

Influence of Repeated Quenching on Bearing Steel Martensitic Structure Investigated by Homology

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 270-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Nakane ◽  
Katsuyuki Kida ◽  
Takashi Honda ◽  
Koshiro Mizobe ◽  
Edson Costa Santos
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Laser Confocal Microscope ◽  
Steel Heat

JIS SUJ2 (high carbon high strength bearing steel) heat treated by repeated quenching was investigated. The microstructure of the bearing traces was observed after heat treatment by laser confocal microscope. In this paper, by mathematical methods, we try to evaluate quantitatively this change of the structure. Homology is a branch of mathematics that allows quantitative describing characteristics of a figure by replacing the figure with algebra. Applying homology we can express the degree of the connection of the figure. Here we use homology to quantify the change of structures by repeated quenching. Keyword: Homology, Rolling contact fatigue, SUJ2, repeated quenching

Influence of Initial Residual Stress on Material Properties of Bearing Steel During Rolling Contact Fatigue

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Allison ◽  
Ghatu Subhash ◽  
Nagaraj Arakere ◽  
David A. Haluck ◽  
Herb Chin
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Initial Residual Stress

The Influence of Heat Generation In the Contact Zone on Bearing Fatigue Behavior

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Ju¨rgen Bo¨hmer ◽  
Thomas Lo¨sche ◽  
Franz-Josef Ebert ◽  
Edgar Streit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Operational Temperature ◽  
Higher Temperature

The material behavior of the standard bearing steel SAE 52100 and the heat resistant bearing steels M50, M50 NiL, and Cronidur 30 as a function of the operational temperature has been investigated. The reduction in rolling contact fatigue strength due to a temperature rise was found to be significantly higher than the reduction of hardness. The mechanism of heat generation due to the bearing operation induces a temperature distribution, which makes it necessary to distinguish between the temperature ruling the subsurface fatigue processes and a higher temperature dominating the surface originated damage initiation.

Service Loading Analysis of Wind Turbine Gearbox Rolling Bearings Based on X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 768-769 ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Gegner ◽  
Wolfgang Nierlich
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rolling Bearings ◽  
Wind Turbine Gearbox ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress Measurements

Rolling bearings in wind turbine gearboxes occasionally fail prematurely by so-called white etching cracks. The appearance of the damage indicates brittle spontaneous tensile stress induced surface cracking followed by corrosion fatigue driven crack growth. An X-ray diffraction based residual stress analysis reveals vibrations in service as the root cause. The occurrence of high local friction coefficients in the rolling contact is described by a tribological model. Depth profiles of the equivalent shear and normal stresses are compared with residual stress patterns and a relevant fracture strength, respectively. White etching crack failures are reproduced on a rolling contact fatigue test rig under increased mixed friction. Causative vibration loading is evident from residual stress measurements. Cold working compressive residual stresses are an effective countermeasure.

Effect of defect length on rolling contact fatigue crack propagation in high strength steel

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Makino ◽  
Y. Neishi ◽  
D. Shiozawa ◽  
Y. Neishi ◽  
D. Shiozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Middle Line ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Depth Direction

 The objective of the present paper is to clarify the effect of defect length in depth direction on rolling contact fatigue (RCF) crack propagation in high strength steel. RCF test and synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography (SR micro CT) imaging were conducted. In the case of the defect with the 15 ?m diameter, flaking life decreased with increasing defect length. In a comparison of the CT image and the SEM view, the shapes of defects and the locations of the horizontal cracks were almost the same respectively. The mechanism of RCF crack propagation was discussed by finite element (FE) analysis. Defects led to higher tensile residual stress than that without defects in the region where the defect exists. The shear stress range at 0.1 mm in depth on the middle line of the defect and the range of mode II stress intensity factor at the bottom of a vertical crack increased with increasing defect length.

Evaluation of contact fatigue life of a wind turbine carburized gear considering gradients of mechanical properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1170-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Huaiju Liu ◽  
Caichao Zhu ◽  
Zhangdong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Initial Residual Stress ◽  
Contact Fatigue Life ◽  
Carburized Gear ◽  
Load Conditions

Case hardening processes such as carburizing are extensively applied in heavy-duty gears used in wind turbines, ships, high-speed rails, etc. Contact fatigue failure occurs commonly in engineering practice, thus reduces reliabilities of those machines. Rolling contact fatigue life of a carburized gear is influenced by factors such as the gradients of mechanical properties and profile of initial residual stress. In this regard, the study of contact fatigue life of carburized gears should be conducted with the consideration of those aspects. In this study, a finite element elastic–plastic contact model of a carburized gear is developed which takes the gradients of hardness and initial residual stress into account. Initial residual stress distribution and the hardness profile along the depth are obtained through experimental measurements. The effect of the hardness gradient is reflected by the gradients of yield strength and fatigue parameters. The modified Fatemi–Socie strain-life criterion is used to estimate the rolling contact fatigue life of the heavy-duty carburized gear. Numerical results reveal that according to the Fatemi–Socie fatigue life criterion, rolling contact fatigue failure of the carburized gear will first initiate at subsurface rather than surface. Compared with the un-carburized gear, the rolling contact fatigue lives of the carburized gear under all load conditions are significantly improved. Under heavy load conditions, the carburized layer significantly reduces the fatigue damage mainly due to the benefit to inhibit the accumulation of plasticity. Influence of the residual stress is also investigated. Under the nominal load condition, compared with the residual stress-free case, the existence of the tensile residual stress causes remarkable deterioration of the rolling contact fatigue life while the compressive residual stress with the same magnitude leads to a moderate growth of the rolling contact fatigue life. As the load becomes heavier when plasticity becomes notable, the influence of the initial residual stress on the life is somewhat weakened.

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