Combustion Characteristics of Partially Premixed Prevaporized Palm Methyl Ester and Jet A Fuel Blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Balakrishnan ◽  
R. N. Parthasarathy ◽  
S. R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Emission Index ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

Palm methyl ester (PME) is an attractive alternate biofuel produced by the transesterification of palm oil with methanol. This paper is a sequel to our earlier papers on the comparison of the flame structure and emission characteristics of neat PME with those of petroleum-derived fuels (No. 2 diesel and neat Jet A). Blends of prevaporized Jet A fuel and PME (25%, 50%, and 75% by volume) were studied in a laminar flame environment at burner-exit equivalence ratios of 2, 3, and 7. The global combustion characteristics including flame length, CO and NO emission indices, radiative heat fraction, and in-flame profiles of species concentration (CO, CO2, NO, and O2), temperature, and soot volume concentration were measured. The global CO emission index decreased significantly with the PME content in the blend at an equivalence ratio of 7; a 30% reduction was observed with the addition of 25% PME by volume, and a further reduction of 25% was observed with the addition of another 25% PME. The global NO emission index of the neat PME flame was 35% lower than that of the Jet A flame at an equivalence ratio of 2. The near-burner homogeneous gas-phase reaction zone increased in length with the addition of PME at all equivalence ratios. The concentration measurements highlighted the nonmonotonic variation of properties with the volume concentration of PME in the fuel blend. The fuel-bound oxygen and hydrogen of PME affected the combustion properties significantly.

Laminar Flame Characteristics of Partially Premixed Palm Methyl Ester Gas Flames

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Romero ◽  
Ramkumar N. Parthasarathy ◽  
Subramanyam R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Soot Volume Fraction ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Emission Index ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

Palm methyl ester (PME) is a renewable biofuel that is produced by the transesterification of palm oil; it is a popular alternative fuel used in the transportation sector. The objective of this investigation was to study the combustion characteristics of flames of pre-vaporized diesel and PME in a laminar flame environment at initial equivalence ratios of 2, 3 and 7 and to isolate the factors attributable to chemical structure of the fuel. The equivalence ratio was changed by altering the fuel flow rate, while maintaining the air flow rate constant. The global CO emission index of the PME flames was significantly lower than that of the diesel flames; however, the global NO emission index was comparable. The radiative fraction of heat release and the soot volume fraction were lower for the PME flames compared to the diesel flames. The peak temperatures were comparable at an equivalence ratio of 2, but at higher equivalence ratios, the peak temperatures in the PME flames were higher. The measurements highlight the differences in the combustion properties of biofuels and petroleum fuels and the coupling effects of equivalence ratio.

Laminar Flame Characteristics of Partially Premixed Prevaporized Palm Methyl Ester and Diesel Flames

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Romero ◽  
R. N. Parthasarathy ◽  
S. R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Soot Volume Fraction ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Emission Index ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

Palm methyl ester (PME) is a renewable biofuel that is produced by the transesterification of palm oil and is a popular alternative fuel used in the transportation sector, particularly in Asia. The objective of this investigation was to study the combustion characteristics of flames of prevaporized number 2 diesel and PME in a laminar flame environment at initial equivalence ratios of 2, 3, and 7 and to isolate the factors attributable to chemical structure of the fuel. The equivalence ratio was changed by altering the fuel flow rate, while maintaining the air flow rate constant. The global CO emission index of the PME flames was significantly lower than that of the diesel flames; however, the global NO emission index was comparable. The radiative fraction of heat release and the soot volume fraction were lower for the PME flames compared to those in the diesel flames. The peak temperatures were comparable in both flames at an equivalence ratio of 2, but at higher equivalence ratios, the peak temperatures in the PME flames were higher. The measurements highlight the differences in the combustion properties of biofuels and petroleum fuels and the coupling effects of equivalence ratio.

Combustion Characteristics of Spray Flames of Diesel and Palm Methyl Ester at Lean Inlet Conditions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Richichi ◽  
Ramkumar N. Parthasarathy ◽  
Subramanyam R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Spray Flames ◽  
Reaction Zones ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Emission Index ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

Palm Methyl Ester (PME) is an attractive alternate fuel to petroleum diesel because it can be produced from a renewable source, is close to being carbon-neutral in the environment, and has many properties similar to those of petroleum fuels. Although a few engine studies have been completed using PME, basic studies on the combustion of PME sprays are limited. Hence, the objective of this investigation was to study the combustion characteristics of spray flames of PME and diesel at three equivalence ratios: 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8. The liquid fuel was atomized and combusted with air in a heated environment; the coflow air temperature was maintained at 65% of the midpoint of the boiling point range of the fuels. The equivalence ratio was changed by altering the fuel flow rate, while maintaining the atomizing and coflow air flow rates constant, thus maintaining the gas velocity field invariant. The PME flames were shorter and less luminous than the diesel flames and had significant near-burner homogeneous-gas-phase reaction zones. The global CO emission index of the PME flames was higher than that of diesel flames at equivalence ratios of 0.4 and 0.6. The NO emission index of the PME flames was almost twice that of the diesel flames. The in-flame concentration profiles highlighted the effects of the significant fuel-bound oxygen content in PME.

Laminar Partially Premixed Flames of Blends of Pre-Vaporized Jet-A Fuel and Palm Methyl Ester

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Balakrishnan ◽  
Ramkumar N. Parthasarathy ◽  
Subramanyam R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Soot Volume Fraction ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

Biofuels, such as palm methyl ester (PME), are attractive alternates to petroleum fuels. In order to isolate the effects of fuel chemistry on the combustion properties, laminar partially premixed pre-vaporized flames of blends of Jet-A and PME (volume concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% PME) were studied. A stainless steel circular tube (ID of 9.5 mm) served as the burner. The liquid fuel was supplied with a syringe pump into a high temperature (390°C) air flow to vaporize it completely without coking. The fuel flow rate was maintained constant and the air flow rate adjusted to obtain burner-exit equivalence ratios of 2, 3 and 7. The global flame properties including flame length, CO and NO emission indices, radiative heat fraction and in-flame properties including gas concentration (CO, CO2, NO, O2), temperature and soot volume fraction were measured. The near-burner homogeneous gas-phase reaction zone increased in length with the addition of PME at all equivalence ratios. The concentration and global emission measurements highlight the non-monotonic variation of properties with the volume concentration of PME in the fuel. The fuel-bound oxygen of PME affected the combustion properties significantly.

scholarly journals Combustion characteristics of and bench test on “gasoline + alternative fuel”

2020 ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
Zhibin Du ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Combustion Velocity ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Flame Propagation Velocity

In this study, an evaporative premixed constant-volume combustion system was designed for combustion of liquid fuels, compared with a traditional constant-volume firebomb. The effects of an alternative fuel of gasoline on the combustion characteristics of the laminar flame of gasoline were analyzed, and then a bench test was carried out. The results show that the addition of an alternative fuel of gasoline makes the maximum non-stretched flame propagation velocity of combusting gasoline increasingly close to that of combusting diluted mixed gas. The Markstein lengths of gasoline and ?gasoline + alternative fuel? become shorter with a higher equivalence ratio, and flame combustion becomes increasingly unstable. The laminar combustion velocity of ?gasoline + alternative fuel? rises first and then declines as the equivalence ratio increases. According to the results of the bench test, adding 20% of the alternative fuel into gasoline will exert little impact on the power performance and fuel consumption of the engine, but it will reduce HC emission by 25% and CO emission by 67%.

Combustion Properties of Spray Flames of Canola Methyl Ester and Diesel Blends

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Aldana ◽  
Ramkumar N. Parthasarathy ◽  
Subramanyam R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Spray Flames ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
No Emissions

Canola methyl ester (CME) is a biofuel that is produced by the transesterification of canola oil; it is renewable, carbon-neutral and low in sulfur content. The objective of this study was to document the combustion characteristics of spray flames of CME and No 2 diesel (petroleum fuel) blends. Three blends with 25%, 50% and 75% volume concentration of CME were studied. The fuel was atomized and mixed with air in a heated environment at a supply equivalence ratio of 0.62. Measurements of global CO and NO emissions, inflame temperature and in-flame concentrations of combustion products were made. The near-injector homogeneous gas-phase reaction zone increased in size with the addition of CME. The global CO and NO emissions decreased with the increase in CME content in the fuel blend. The in-flame NO concentration profiles and flame temperature profiles followed similar trends, suggesting that the thermal mechanism of NO formation was dominant in these flames.

Combustion Characteristics of Biofuels in Porous-Media Burners at an Equivalence Ratio of 0.8

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo E. Barajas ◽  
R. N. Parthasarathy ◽  
S. R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Axial Temperature ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Soy Methyl Ester ◽  
Interior Walls ◽  
Porous Media Burner

Biofuels, such as canola methyl ester (CME) and soy-methyl ester (SME) derived from vegetable oil, are alternative sources of energy that have been developed to reduce the dependence on petroleum-based fuels. In the present study, CME, SME, and commercial Jet-A fuel were tested in a porous-media burner at an equivalence ratio of 0.8 at the burner entrance. The measured combustion characteristics included NOx and CO emission indices, radiative fraction of heat release, and axial temperature profile in the surface stabilized and extended flame. The effects of fuel on the injector and porous-media durability were also documented. The NOx emission index was higher for the SME and CME flames than that of the Jet-A flame. Furthermore, the axial temperature profiles were similar for all the flames. The prolonged use of CME and SME resulted in more solid-particle deposition on the interior walls of the injector and within the structure of the porous medium than for Jet-A fuel, thereby increasing the restriction to the fuel/air flow and pressure drop across the burner.

Fundamental combustion characteristics of palm methyl ester (PME) as alternative fuel for gas turbines

Fuel ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 3373-3378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomu Hashimoto ◽  
Yasushi Ozawa ◽  
Noriyuki Mori ◽  
Isao Yuri ◽  
Tohru Hisamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Palm Methyl Ester

scholarly journals Research on Combustion Characteristics of Air–Light Hydrocarbon Mixing Gas

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqun Meng ◽  
Jinggang Wang ◽  
Chuchao Xiong ◽  
Jiawen Qi ◽  
Liquan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Ignition Delay Time ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Light Hydrocarbon ◽  
Laminar Flame Speed ◽  
Emission Index ◽  
Co Emission

Air–light hydrocarbon mixing gas is a new type of city gas which is composed of light hydrocarbon with the main component of n-pentane and air mixed in a certain proportion. To explore the dominant reactions for CO production of air–light hydrocarbon mixing gas with different mixing degrees at the critical equivalence ratios, a computational study was conducted on the combustion characteristics, including the ignition delay time, laminar flame speed, extinction residence time, and emission of air–light hydrocarbon mixing gas at atmospheric pressure and room temperature in the present study. The calculated results indicate that the ignition delay time of air–light hydrocarbon mixing gas at temperatures of 1000–1118 K is greater than that of n-pentane, while the opposite at temperatures of 1118–1600 K. From the study of the laminar flame speed and ignition delay time, it was found that the essence of air–light hydrocarbon mixing gas is that its attribute parameter is determined by the ratio of n-pentane to the total amount of air at the moment of combustion. The changes in the extinction residence time and the CO emission index of air–light hydrocarbon mixing gas are not synchronized, that is the CO emission index is not necessarily small for air–light hydrocarbon mixing gas with excellent extinction residence time. CO sensitivity analysis and CO rate of production identified key species and reactions that are primarily responsible for CO formation and annihilation. The mixing degree plays a key role in the CO emission index of air–light hydrocarbon mixing gas, which has a constructive opinion on the future experiment and application of air–light hydrocarbon mixing gas.

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