An Approach for Determination of Basic Machine-Tool Settings From Blank Data in Face-Hobbed and Face-Milled Hypoid Gears

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Gonzalez-Perez ◽  
Alfonso Fuentes ◽  
Ramon Ruiz-Orzaez
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Gear Geometry ◽  
Gear Drives ◽  
Crown Gear

The conditions of meshing and contact in hypoid gear drives depend substantially on the machine-tool settings to be applied. Determination of gear geometry is the first step in the design process of a hypoid gear drive. An approach for determination of basic machine-tool settings for face-hobbed and face-milled hypoid gears is proposed, covering the cases when the gear is generated and nongenerated. Gear basic machine-tool settings are determined from the blank data that can be obtained from application of Standard ANSI/AGMA 2005-C96. Some machine-tool settings are determined analytically considering the imaginary generation of the gear by a crown gear. Some other machine-tool settings are obtained numerically in order to provide some given blank data as the normal chordal tooth thickness and the normal pressure angles of the gear teeth. The developed theory is illustrated with numerical examples.

Methods of Synthesis and Analysis for Hypoid Gear-Drives of “Formate” and “Helixform”—Part 2. Machine Setting Calculations for the Pinions of Formate and Helixform Gears

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Litvin ◽  
Y. Gutman
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Machine Setting ◽  
Gear Drives

The second article part is devoted to the calculation of machine settings for Hypoid gear-drive pinions being generated by “Formate” and “Helixform” cutting methods. The solution is based on a local synthesis method by following assumptions: (1) the member-gear surfaceΣ2 is given (the surface Σ2 becomes known after the determination of its machine settings, see article part 1): (2) the being obtained machine settings for the pinion must guarantee: (a) that the member-gear surface Σ2 will be in contact with the pinion surface Σ1 at a choosen point M, (b) that at M and in the vicinity of M prescribed conditions of meshing will be provided.

Methods of Synthesis and Analysis for Hypoid Gear-Drives of “Formate” and “Helixform”—Part 3. Analysis and Optimal Synthesis Methods For Mismatch Gearing and its Application For Hypoid Gears of “Formate” and “Helixform”

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Litvin ◽  
Y. Gutman
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Synthesis ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Gear Drives ◽  
Favorable Conditions

In this third and final part are proposed: (a) methods for analysis and optimal synthesis of mismatch gearing, (b) application of those methods for the analysis and synthesis of hypoid gear-drives generated by “Formate” and “Helixform” methods. In the previous parts, machine settings for the member-gear and the pinion of the Hypoid gear-drive were obtained. Use of these settings guarantee: (a) that the gear surfaces will be in tangency at a previously chosen point M, (b) that the conditions of meshing will be favorable at the point M and in its vicinity. But it is necessary to provide favorable conditions of meshing in the whole area of meshing. Methods proposed in this part permits achievement of those mentioned aims: (a) the analysis of gearing permits collection of the necessary information of meshing conditions in the whole area of meshing, (b) the optimal synthesis permits improvment of the conditions of meshing by variation of some parameters of pinion machine settings.

Methods of Synthesis and Analysis for Hypoid Gear-Drives of “Formate” and “Helixform”—Part 1. Calculations For Machine Settings For Member Gear Manufacture of the Formate and Helixform Hypoid Gears

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Litvin ◽  
Y. Gutman
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Machine Setting ◽  
Gear Drives ◽  
Gear Manufacture

Methods for synthesis and analysis Hypoid gears generated by Helixform and Formabe methods are suggested. The article is a three-part one divided according to the considered stages of synthesis and analysis: (a) the determination of machine settings for the member-gear manufacture (after that tooth surface of the member-gear can be obtained); (b) machine setting calculations for the pinion on the base of the local synthesis for gears with approximate meshing; (c) methods for analysis (in the whole area of meshing) and optional synthesis for the mismatch gearing and its application for Hypoid gears.

Comparison Experiment for Two Kinds of Hypoid Gear Drives

2010 ◽  
Vol 20-23 ◽  
pp. 1385-1390
Author(s):  
Hong Bin Yang ◽  
Xiao Hong Wang ◽  
Zong De Fang
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Test Object ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Comparison Experiment ◽  
Gear Drives

To develop a good quality of hypoid gear drive, the authors test the vibration and noise of two kinds of hypoid gear drives under different working conditions. The test object is a pair of hypoid gear drive used in the back axle of one minivan and a designed hypoid gear drive with high teeth based on the former. The results indicate that the hypoid gear drive with high teeth has lower vibration and noise.

Multi-objective optimization of the manufacture of face-milled hypoid gears on numerical controlled machine tool

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440542097803
Author(s):  
Vilmos V Simon
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Contact Stresses ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
New Method ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Gear Manufacture

A new method is presented for advanced manufacture of hypoid gears on numerical controlled machine tool. The tool geometry and machine tool settings are determined to introduce the optimal tooth modifications into the teeth of hypoid gears. The goal is to reduce the maximum tooth contact stresses, angular displacement error of the driven gear, and energy losses in the oil film existing between tooth surfaces. The calculation is based on the optimal variation of machine tool settings on the classical machine tool for hypoid gear manufacture. The novelty of the method is that during the machining process of teeth surfaces, the variation of machine tool settings on the cradle-type hypoid generator is conducted by polynomial functions of fifth-order. By an algorithm, this variation of machine tool settings is transferred to the numerical controlled machine tool for hypoid gear manufacture (hypoid generator). The obtained results have shown that by applying the optimal manufacture process, considerable reductions in tooth contact stresses and angular displacement errors of the driven gear, and a moderate reduction in energy losses were obtained. Therefore, by applying this new method in practice, advanced manufacture of hypoid gears on CNC hypoid generator is made possible, resulting improved operating characteristics of the hypoid gear pair.

Optimal Tooth Modifications in Hypoid Gears

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilmos V. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Angular Position ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Tool Profile

A method for the determination of optimal tooth modifications in hypoid gears based on improved load distribution and reduced transmission errors is presented. The modifications are introduced into the pinion tooth surface by using a cutter with bicircular profile and by changing the cutter diameter. In the optimization of tool parameters the influence of shaft misalignments of the mating members is included. As the result of these modifications a point contact of the meshed teeth surfaces appears instead of line contact; the hypoid gear pair becomes mismatched. By using the method presented in [1] the influence of tooth modifications introduced on tooth contact and transmission errors is investigated. Based on the results that was obtained the radii and position of circular tool profile arcs and the cutter diameter for pinion teeth generation were optimized. By applying the optimal tool parameters, the maximum tooth contact pressure is reduced by 16.22% and the angular position error of the driven gear by 178.72%, in regard to the hypoid gear pair with a pinion manufactured by a cutter of straight-sided profile and of diameter determined by the commonly used methods.

The Design, Generation, and Simulation of Meshing of Worm-Gear Drive With Longitudinally Localized Contacts

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Seol
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Worm Gear ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Bearing Contact ◽  
Design Generation ◽  
Gear Drives

The design and simulation of meshing of a single enveloping worm-gear drive with a localized bearing contact is considered. The bearing contact has a longitudinal direction and two branches of contact path. The purpose of localization is to reduce the sensitivity of the worm-gear drive to misalignment. The author’s approach for localization of bearing contact is based on the proper mismatch of the surfaces of the hob and drive worm. The developed computer program allows the investigation of the influence of misalignment on the shift of the bearing contact and the determination of the transmission errors and the contact ratio. The developed approach has been applied for K type of single-enveloping worm-gear drives and the developed theory is illustrated with a numerical example. [S1050-0472(00)00502-X]

Optimization of Machine Tool Settings on Hypoid Gear Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ching Lin ◽  
Yawen Wang ◽  
Teik C. Lim ◽  
Weiqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Gear Pair ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Tool Setting ◽  
Setting Parameters ◽  
Optimal Machine

Abstract Hypoid gears are widely used to transmit torque on cross axis shafts in a vehicle rear axle system. The dynamic responses of these hypoid geared rotor system have a significant effect on the performance of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) for the vehicle design. From past studies, the main source of excitation for this vibration energy comes from hypoid gear transmission error (TE). Thus, the design of hypoid gear pair with minimization of TE is one way to control the dynamic behavior of the vehicle axle system. In this paper, an approach to obtain minimum TE and improved dynamic response with optimal machine tool setting parameters for manufacturing hypoid gears is discussed. A neural network, named Feed-Forward Back Propagation (FFBP), with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gradient Descent (GD) training algorithms are used to predict the TE. With the optimal machine tool setting parameters, a 14 degrees of freedom geared rotor system analysis is performed to verify the improvement on dynamic response aiming at minimizing the TE. A case study of a hypoid gear pair with specified design parameters and working condition is presented to validate the proposed method. The results conclude that minimization of TE, the main excitation of vehicle axle gear whine noise and vibration, with optimal machine tool setting parameters can improve the overall dynamic response. The proposed approach provides a better understanding of an optimal design hypoid gear set to minimize TE and effect on vehicle axle system dynamics.

Pitting Resistance and Bending Strength of Bevel and Hypoid Gear Teeth

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-R. Höhn ◽  
H. Winter ◽  
K. Michaelis ◽  
F. Vollhüter
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Bevel and hypoid gears are widely used for gears with crossed axis. The influence of a pinion offset on the load carrying capacity — pitting resistance and bending strength — is introduced in a different way in commonly used calculation methods. Load carrying and measurement investigations on the influence of pinion offset on pitting resistance and bending strength are reported. Tests show an increasing bending strength and decreasing maximum tooth root stresses with increasing pinion offset. Also a slight increase of pitting resistance and a slight decrease of the Hertzian pressure was evaluated. The load carrying calculation results for bevel gears without pinion offset, DIN 3991, is in good agreement with test results. The bending strength of hypoid gears calculated according to Niemann/Winter, is greater than that experimentally measured. For pitting resistance, however, the calculation is less than the measured results.

scholarly journals Multiphysics Investigations on the Dynamics of Differential Hypoid Gears

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohammadpour ◽  
S. Theodossiades ◽  
H. Rahnejat
Keyword(s):  
Multiscale Analysis ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Tooth Contact Analysis ◽  
Hypoid Gears ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Noise Vibration

Vehicular differential hypoid gears play an important role on the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) signature of the drivetrain system. Additionally, the generated friction between their mating teeth flanks under varying load-speed conditions is a source of power loss in a drivetrain while absorbing some of the vibration energy. This paper deals with the coupling between system dynamics and analytical tribology in multiphysics, multiscale analysis. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) of elliptical point contact of partially conforming hypoid gear teeth pairs with non-Newtonian thermal shear of a thin lubricant film is considered, including boundary friction as the result of asperity interactions on the contiguous surfaces. Tooth contact analysis (TCA) has been used to obtain the input data required for such an analysis. The dynamic behavior and frictional losses of a differential hypoid gear pair under realistic operating conditions are therefore determined. The detailed analysis shows a strong link between NVH refinement and transmission efficiency, a finding not hitherto reported in literature.

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