Three-Dimensional Dynamic Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems Using Rigid Graphs

In this paper, we consider the problem of formation control of multi-agent systems in three-dimensional (3D) space, where the desired formation is dynamic. This is motivated by applications where the formation size and/or geometric shape needs to vary in time. Using a single-integrator model and rigid graph theory, we propose a new control law that exponentially stabilizes the origin of the nonlinear, interagent distance error dynamics and ensures tracking of the desired, 3D time-varying formation. Extensions to the formation maneuvering problem and double-integrator model are also discussed. The formation control is illustrated with a simulation of eight agents forming a dynamic cube.