Chaotification as a Means of Broadband Energy Harvesting With Piezoelectric Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Geiyer ◽  
Jeffrey L. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Unstable Periodic Orbits ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting

Component miniaturization and reduced power requirements in sensors have enabled growth in the field of low-power ambient vibration energy harvesting. This work aims to increase bandwidth and power output beyond current techniques by inducing chaotic nonlinear phenomena and applying a low-power controller based on the method of Ott, Grebogi, and Yorke (OGY) to stabilize a chosen periodic orbit. Previously, researchers used a nonlinear piezomagnetoelastic beam in search of a large amplitude broadband voltage response, but chaos was strictly avoided. These large amplitude responses can deteriorate over time into low energy chaotic oscillations. Including chaos as a desirable property allows small perturbations to alter the behavior of a system dramatically, improving the dynamic response for energy harvesting. The nonlinear piezomagnetoelastic beam element described by a Duffing oscillator is extended to embrace chaotic motion more actively. By driving motion along a chaotic attractor, even single frequency excitation results in a theoretically infinite number of unstable periodic orbits that can be stabilized using small control inputs. The chosen orbit will be accessible from a large range of excitation frequencies and can be dynamically changed in real-time, potentially expanding the bandwidth of operation.

Chaotification as a Means of Broadband Energy Harvesting With Piezoelectric Materials

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Geiyer ◽  
Jeffrey L. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Unstable Periodic Orbits ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting

Component miniaturization and reduced power requirements in sensors have enabled growth in the field of low power ambient vibration energy harvesting. This work aims to increase bandwidth and power output beyond current techniques by inducing chaotic nonlinear phenomena and applying a low-power OGY controller to stabilize a chosen periodic orbit. Previously, researchers used a nonlinear piezomagnetoelastic beam in search of a large amplitude broadband voltage response, but chaos was strictly avoided. Including chaos as a desirable property allows small perturbations to alter the behavior of a system dramatically. The nonlinear piezomagnetoeleastic beam element described by a Duffing oscillator is extended to embrace chaotic motion more actively. By driving motion along a chaotic attractor, even a single excitation frequency results in a theoretically infinite number of unstable periodic orbits that can be stabilized through control. The chosen orbit will be accessible from a large range of input excitation frequencies, potentially expanding the bandwidth of operation.

Analytical Electromechanical Model of Cantilevered Bi-Stable Composites for Broadband Energy Harvesting

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres F. Arrieta ◽  
Tommaso Delpero ◽  
Paolo Ermanni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Electromechanical Model ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Good Agreement

Vibration based energy harvesting has received extensive attention in the engineering community for the past decade thanks to its potential for autonomous powering small electronic devices. For this purpose, linear electromechanical devices converting mechanical to useful electrical energy have been extensively investigated. Such systems operate optimally when excited close to or at resonance, however, for these lightly damped structures small variations in the ambient vibration frequency results in a rapid reduction of performance. The idea to use nonlinearity to obtain large amplitude response in a wider frequency range, has shown the potential for achieving so called broadband energy harvesting. An interesting type of nonlinear structures exhibiting the desired broadband response characteristics are bi-stable composites. The bi-stable nature of these composites allows for designing several ranges of wide band large amplitude oscillations, from which high power can be harvested. In this paper, an analytical electromechanical model of cantilevered piezoelectric bi-stable composites for broadband harvesting is presented. The model allows to calculate the modal characteristics, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes, providing a tool for the design of bi-stable composites as harvesting devices. The generalised coupling coefficient is used to select the positioning of piezoelectric elements on the composites for maximising the conversion energy. The modal response of a test specimen is obtained and compared to theoretical results showing good agreement, thus validating the model.

High-frequency vibration energy harvesting from repeated impulsive forcing utilizing intentional dynamic instability caused by strong nonlinearity

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Remick ◽  
D Dane Quinn ◽  
D Michael McFarland ◽  
Lawrence Bergman ◽  
Alexander Vakakis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Mechanical System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Strongly Nonlinear

The work in this study explores the excitation of high-frequency dynamic instabilities to enhance the performance of a strongly nonlinear vibration-based energy harvesting system subject to repeated impulsive excitations. These high-fraequency instabilities arise from transient resonance captures (TRCs) in the damped dynamics of the system, leading to large-amplitude oscillations in the mechanical system. Under proper forcing conditions, these high-frequency instabilities can be sustained. The primary system is composed of a grounded, weakly damped linear oscillator, which is directly subjected to impulsive forcing. A light-weight, damped nonlinear oscillator (nonlinear energy sink, NES) is coupled to the primary system using electromechanical coupling elements and strongly nonlinear stiffness elements. The essential (nonlinearizable) stiffness nonlinearity arises from geometric and kinematic effects resulting from the traverse deflection of a piano wire coupling the two oscillators. The electromechanical coupling is composed of a neodymium magnet and inductance coil, which harvests the energy in the mechanical system and transfers it to the electrical system which, in this present case, is composed of a simple resistive element. The energy dissipated in the circuit is inferred as a measure of energy harvesting capability. The large-amplitude TRCs result in strong, nearly irreversible energy transfer from the primary system to the NES, where the harvesting elements work to convert the mechanical energy to electrical energy. The primary goal of this work is to numerically and experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of inducing sustained high-frequency dynamic instability in a system of mechanical oscillators to achieve enhanced vibration energy harvesting performance. This work is a continuation of a companion paper (Remick K, Quinn D, McFarland D, et al. (2015) Journal of Sound and Vibration Final Publication) where vibration energy harvesting of the same system subject to single impulsive excitation is studied.

scholarly journals AlN-based piezoelectric micropower generator for low ambient vibration energy harvesting

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stoppel ◽  
C. Schröder ◽  
F. Senger ◽  
B. Wagner ◽  
W. Benecke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Micropower Generator

On the performance of a dual-mode non-linear vibration energy harvesting device

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1423-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roszaidi Ramlan ◽  
Michael J Brennan ◽  
Brian R Mace ◽  
Stephen G Burrow
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Stable Mode ◽  
Linear Generator ◽  
Non Linear

The research trend for harvesting energy from the ambient vibration sources has moved from using a linear resonant generator to a non-linear generator in order to improve on the performance of a linear generator; for example, the relatively small bandwidth, intolerance to mistune and the suitability of the device for low-frequency applications. This article presents experimental results to illustrate the dynamic behaviour of a dual-mode non-linear energy-harvesting device operating in hardening and bi-stable modes under harmonic excitation. The device is able to change from one mode to another by altering the negative magnetic stiffness by adjusting the separation gap between the magnets and the iron core. Results for the device operating in both modes are presented. They show that there is a larger bandwidth for the device operating in the hardening mode compared to the equivalent linear device. However, the maximum power transfer theory is less applicable for the hardening mode due to occurrence of the maximum power at different frequencies, which depends on the non-linearity and the damping in the system. The results for the bi-stable mode show that the device is insensitive to a range of excitation frequencies depending upon the input level, damping and non-linearity.

Autonomous Low Power Microsystem Powered by Vibration Energy Harvesting

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Torah ◽  
M.J. Tudor ◽  
K. Patel ◽  
I.N. Garcia ◽  
S.P. Beeby
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting

Study of the Ambient Vibration Energy Harvesting Based on Piezoelectric Effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1460017
Author(s):  
Hongyu Si ◽  
Jinlu Dong ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Laizhi Sun ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Source ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Parallel Connection ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibrator

The resonance between piezoelectric vibrator and the vibration source is the key to maximize the ambient vibration energy harvesting by using piezoelectric generator. In this paper, the factors that influence the output power of a single piezoelectric vibrator are analyzed. The effect of geometry size (length, thickness, width of piezoelectric chip and thickness of metal shim) of a single cantilever piezoelectric vibrator to the output power is analyzed and simulated with the help of MATLAB (matrix laboratory). The curves that output power varies with geometry size are obtained when the displacement and load at the free end are constant. Then the paper points out multi-resonant frequency piezoelectric power generation, including cantilever multi-resonant frequency piezoelectric power generation and disc type multi-resonant frequency piezoelectric generation. Multi-resonant frequency of cantilever piezoelectric power generation can be realized by placing different quality mass at the free end, while disc type multi-resonant frequency piezoelectric generation can be realized through series and parallel connection of piezoelectric vibrator.

scholarly journals Analytical modelling of spiral cantilever structure for vibration energy harvesting applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.21) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Nevin Augustine ◽  
Hemanth Kotturu ◽  
S Meenatchi Sundaram ◽  
G S. Vijay
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Cantilever Structure ◽  
Spiral Geometry ◽  
Tip Mass

Research on harvesting energy from natural resources is more focused as it can make microelectronic devices self-powered. MEMS based vibration energy harvesters are gaining its popularity in recent days to extract energy from vibrating objects and to use that energy to power the sensors. A solution for the major constrain for vibration energy harvesting in micro scale has been addressed in this paper. Cantilever beams coated with piezoelectric materials which are optimized to resonate at the source vibration frequency are used in most of the traditional vibration energy harvesting applications. In micro scale such structures have very high natural frequency compared to the ambient vibration frequencies due to which frequency matching is a constrain. Tip mass at the end of the cantilever reduces the resonant frequency to a great extent but adds to complexity and fabrication difficulties. Here, we propose a spiral geometry for micro harvester structures with low fundamental frequencies compared to traditional cantilevers. The spiral geometry is proposed, simulated and analyzed, to show that such a structure would be able to vibrate near resonance at micro scale. The analysis consists of Modal analysis, Mises stress analysis and displacement analysis in COMSOL Multiphysics. The result shows that the frequency has been reduced by a factor of 300 when compared to normal cantilever in the same volume. The work provides guideline for vibration energy harvesting structure design for an improved performance.  

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