A New Method for Making Design Decisions: Decision Topologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijitashwa Pandey ◽  
Zissimos P. Mourelatos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Decision Situation ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Single Attribute ◽  
Reliability Block Diagrams ◽  
Classical Decision ◽  
Decision Making Tool

This paper shows how reliability block diagrams can be used as a decision making tool. The premise behind the idea is that classical decision analysis (DA), while very powerful, does not provide much tractability in assessing utility functions and their use in making decisions. Our recent work has shown that a reliability block diagram which is a visual representation of systems, can be used to describe a decision situation. In decision making, we called these block diagrams decision topologies (DTs). We show that DTs can be used to make engineering decisions just as DA. The paper also proves that in the limit, using DTs is entirely consistent with DA for both single attribute and multi-attribute cases. The main advantages of the proposed method are that (1) it provides a visual representation of a decision situation, and (2) accommodates continuous and binary attributes together, as well as the tradeoff between them. The paper details the theoretical basis of the proposed method and highlights its benefits. An example is used to demonstrate how DTs can be used in practice.

A New Method for Design Decisions Using Decision Topologies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijitashwa Pandey ◽  
Zissimos P. Mourelatos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Decision Situation ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Single Attribute ◽  
Reliability Block Diagrams ◽  
Classical Decision

This paper shows how reliability block diagrams can be used as a decision making tool. The premise behind the idea is that classical decision analysis while very powerful, does not provide tractability in assessing utility functions and their use in making decisions. Our recent work has shown that visual representation of systems using a reliability block diagram can be used to describe a decision situation. In decision making, we called these block diagrams decision topologies. We show that decision topologies can be used to make many engineering decisions and can replace decision analysis for most decisions. The paper proves that at the limit, using decision topologies is entirely consistent with decision analysis for both single attribute and multiattribute cases. The main advantages of the proposed method are that (1) it provides a visual representation of a decision situation, (2) it can easily model tradeoffs, (3) it allows binary attributes, (4) it can be used when limited information is available, and (5) it can be used in a low-fidelity sense to quickly make a decision. The paper details the theoretical basis of the proposed method and highlights its benefits. An example is used to demonstrate how decision topologies can be used in practice.

scholarly journals Management-developing of an algorithm for the design decisions in the innovative activity of an organization

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00070
Author(s):  
Yuri Polyakov ◽  
Andrey Savchenko ◽  
Mikhail Savelyev ◽  
Denis Perevedentsev ◽  
Anna Koscheeva
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Decision Methods ◽  
Schematic Design

This article proposes a new algorithm for developing conceptual project decisions in terms of an organization or innovator’s response to changing consumer demands through the development and investment in innovations. The theoretical basis for choosing the type of an algorithm was elaborated by studying the available referencies relevant to present issues of the applicability of types of algorithms for developing management decisions. A multistage multicriteria algorithm (hereinafter referred to as MMA) was developed on the basis of studied algorithms. On developing the stages of the MMA, a set of thinking methods (analysis – synthesis, deduction – induction), a decomposition method, and logical methods were used. MMA is considered as a set of step-by-step sequential descriptions of local processes, formulations and solutions of management tasks, used decision methods and decision-making criteria. The SMART(ER) method was used for managerial tasks at each stage to be set. When solving a management problem, a set of methods was used including an expert method, a factor analysis, brainstorm and methods for calculating economic efficiency. For choosing solutions at each stage to be made, a set of criteria was used. They are the weight of the negative impact on the result of the activity, the yes/no method, the maximum effect, costs minimizing, risks. The schematic design was defined for MMA to be developed. The schematic design was considered as a method of modeling and a method of graphical-analytical displaying of the stages of the process.

scholarly journals Virtual reality as a tool to investigate and predict occupant behaviour in the real world: the example of wayfinding

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 286-302
Author(s):  
Ian J. Ewart ◽  
Harry Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Occupant Behaviour ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Decision Making Tool

The use of virtual reality (VR) is expanding within the AEC sectors, commonly in design and pre-construction decision-making, including as a tool to test and predict the behaviours of building occupants. The implicit assumption is the experience of an immersive Virtual Reality Environment is representative of the Real Environment, and understanding this prior to construction reduces the likelihood and significance of design errors. However, there are very few studies that have validated this basic assumption, and even fewer that have made a direct comparison between Virtual and Real building use. One behaviour that influences design is wayfinding, and the acknowledged effect of familiarity with the layout of a building, which is the subject of this study. We produced an accurate immersive VR model of part of an existing University building and asked participating students to complete a wayfinding task in both the Real and VR buildings. The results show a quantitative improvement in the route and time taken to complete the task, but highlight differences in behaviours in each environment, including subtleties of head movement, a tendency to experiment and seek amusement, and a range of responses to the technology from enjoyment to suspicion. Further research is required to explore in more detail the effect of VR technologies on participants’ behaviour, and the limitations and potentials of VR as a decision-making tool beyond the example of wayfinding that we use. In conclusion, we need to adopt a cautious approach when designing by VR and recognise that the results of experiments such as ours should complement design decisions, rather than act as their sole justification.

Research and analysis of business management processes implemented under conditions of incomplete certainty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Klimenko ◽  
A. Ivlev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Statistical Uncertainty ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Classical Decision ◽  
Decision Making Criteria

The study carried out in this work made it possible to expand the rank scale for a priori assessment of the chosen strategy in terms of increasing the sensitivity of assessing the caution / negligence ratio using risky, as well as classical decision-making criteria under conditions of statistical uncertainty.

Decision aids for alternative techniques in urban storm management

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Azzout ◽  
S. Barraud ◽  
F. N. Cres ◽  
E. Alfakih
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Elimination Phase ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Alternative Techniques ◽  
Urban Storm ◽  
Decision Making Tool

The choice of alternative techniques in urban stormwater drainage (infiltration and detention systems), in the course of a project, is most often made with a poor understanding of site constraints, and the possibilities afforded by these techniques. This gives rise to extra costs and also subsequent malfunctioning. To arrive at feasible choices, we have formalised the decision-making process, taking account of the multiple criteria and the large number of partners involved. At present, we are developing a decision-making tool for alternative techniques in urban stormwater management at the preliminary study stage. The first phase makes it possible to eliminate solutions which are unworkable (elimination phase). It is aimed at the designer. Work on the next phase (the decision-making phase), which is more complex, is in progress. It will make it possible, in collaboration with all the partners involved, to choose a stormwater drainage strategy which will best suit the objectives and the wishes of the partners. It uses multi-criteria methods.

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