Modeling and Experimental Study of a Wire Clamp for Wire Bonding

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuliang Wang ◽  
Dengke Fan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Wire Bonding ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Amplification Ratio ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Thermosonic Wire Bonding

A wire clamp is used to grip a gold wire with in 1–2 ms during thermosonic wire bonding. Modern wire bonders require faster and larger opening wire clamps. In order to simplify the design process and find the key parameters affecting the opening of wire clamps, a model analysis based on energy conservation was developed. The relation between geometric parameters and the amplification ratio was obtained. A finite element (FE) model was also developed in order to calculate the amplification ratio and natural frequency. Experiments were carried out in order to confirm the results of these models. Model studies show that the arm length was the major factor affecting the opening of the wire clamp.

Experimental Study of Kick up Phenomenon in Thermosonic Wire-Bonding

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Jing Jing Tian ◽  
Lei Han
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Wire Bonding ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Thermosonic Wire Bonding

Kick-up phenomenon during looping is an important factor in thermosonic wire bonding. In this study, the loping process during wire bonding was recorded by using high-speed camera, and wire profiles evolution was obtained from images sequence by image processing method. With a polynomial fitting, the wire loop profiling was described by the curvature changing, and kick-up phenomenon on gold wire was found between the instant of 290th frame(0.0537s) to 380th frame (0.0703s), the change of curvature is divided into three phases, a looping phase, a mutation phase and a kick-up phase. While in the kick-up phase, the kick up phenomenon is the most obvious. These experimental results were useful for in-depth study of kick-up phenomenon by simulation.

Analytical and Experimental Characterization of Bonding Over Active Circuitry

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Vijaylaxmi Gumaste ◽  
Anindya Poddar ◽  
Luu Nguyen ◽  
Gary Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dielectric Layer ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Wire Bonding ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Stress Criterion ◽  
Bond Force ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Thermosonic Wire Bonding

Placing active circuitry directly underneath the bond pads is an effective way to reduce the die size, and hence to achieve lower cost per chip. The main concern with such design is the possible mechanical damage to the underlying circuitry during the wire bonding process. For example, the initial bond force and subsequent ultrasonic vibration may cause cracks within the dielectric layer. The cracks can penetrate through the active circuitry underneath, resulting in electrical failures to the silicon device. In this paper, a finite element based methodology was developed to study the stress behavior of bond pad structures during thermosonic wire bonding. The focus of our analysis is on dielectric layer crack, which was the dominant failure mode observed. The finite element (FE) model is 3-D based and contains the wire ball, the bond pad, and the underpad structure. The model was subjected to various bond force/ultrasound conditions, and the stresses were compared with the percentage of cracked pads in the real life bonding experiments. By using the volume-averaged, incremental first principal stress at the dielectric layer as the stress criterion, we achieved a reasonably good correlation with the experiments. In addition, we found that the dynamic friction at the bond interface is critical in stress distributions at the bond pad. Based on this, we have provided an explanation on how stresses progress during a typical bond force. Furthermore, the stress progression pattern was shown to correlate well with the different crack patterns. The FE model established a baseline upon which more designs with bonding over active circuitry can be analyzed and evaluated for crack resistance to thermosonic wire bonding.

scholarly journals Combined Flexural and Shear Strengthening of RC T-Beams with FRP and TRM: Experimental Study and Parametric Finite Element Analyses

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Pohoryles ◽  
Jose Melo ◽  
Tiziana Rossetto
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Shear Strengthening ◽  
Flexural Strengthening ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reinforcement Design

Due to inadequacies of reinforcement design in older structures and changes in building codes, but also the change of building use in existing structures, reinforced concrete (RC) beams often require upgrading during building renovation. The combined shear and flexural strengthening with composite materials, fibre-reinforced polymer sheets (FRP) and textile reinforced mortars (TRM), is assessed in this study. An experimental campaign on twelve half-scale retrofitted RC beams is presented, looking at various parameters of interest, including the effect of the steel reinforcement ratio on the retrofit effectiveness, the amount of composite material used for strengthening and the effect of the shear span, as well as the difference in effectiveness of FRP and TRM in strengthening RC beams. Significant effects on the shear capacity of composite retrofitted beams are observed for all studied parameters. The experimental study is used as a basis for developing a detailed finite element (FE) model for RC beams strengthened with FRP. The results of the FE model are compared to the experimental results and used to design a parametric study to further study the effect of the investigated parameters on the retrofit effectiveness.

3D Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Knee Joint Implants

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hashemi ◽  
A. Shirazi-Adl
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Coulomb’S Friction ◽  
Model Studies

Abstract The finite element (FE) method has been used in orthopaedic biomechanics to investigate the fixation role of different design parameters in total knee replacement (TKA). Previous FE model studies used 2D, axisymmetric and 3D models to represent the geometry while neglecting many essential features. They simulated the bone-implant interface as frictionless, perfectly bonded or with idealized Coulomb’s friction model. The model of screws and posts have also been neglected altogether or inadequately considered in these studies. To overcome these limitations, the objective of the present study was set to develop a detailed 3D FE model of the knee bone-implant structure including all the interacting components in an immediate postoperative period without bony ingrowth to predict the micromotion at the bone-implant interface and stress distribution within the bone and the polyethylene insert.

Experimental and Modeling Studies of Looping Process for Wire Bonding

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuliang Wang ◽  
Yun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Tension Force ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Dynamic Finite Element ◽  
Key Technologies

Looping is one of the key technologies for modern thermosonic wire bonders, and it has been affected by many interacting factors. In this study, the wire looping process was observed with a high-speed camera, and the evolution of wire profiles during looping and the capillary trace were obtained through experiments. A dynamic finite element (FE) model was developed to learn the details of the looping process, where real capillary geometry dimensions, capillary trace, diameter of bonded ball and the gold wire material were used, and the friction force and air tension force were considered. The simulated profiles were compared with those of the experiment. Using the verified FE model, the effects of material properties, capillary parameters, and capillary traces on the looping process were studied, and the relationships between the final profiles and parameters were discussed.

Rapid Visualization of Compressor Blade Finite Element Models Using Surrogate Modeling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Bunnell ◽  
Christopher Thelin ◽  
Steven Gorrell ◽  
John Salmon ◽  
Christopher Ruoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Surrogate Modeling ◽  
Compressor Blade ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Mesh Morphing ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

The design process for compressor blades is a highly iterative and often slow process. This research applied and measured the impact of using surrogates to quickly model the stresses on a compressor blade. By modeling distinct points on a finite element (FE) model with unique surrogates, the stress field of the entire FE model was quickly predicted. This required that the distinct points remain in the same relative location on each blade used in training the surrogate. This research studied the ability of mesh morphing, and using the surface nodes as those distinct points, to satisfy this requirement. The results show that mesh morphing performed well on the tested compressor blades. The research also found that the surrogate accuracy depended not only on the number of training samples, but also the number and types of parameters being emulated. The surrogate models achieved less than 5% error on all the tested blades. Finally, the method provided a 96% decrease in time required for a structural iteration of a compressor blade. Such speeds eliminate bottlenecks that may occur in the structural design process. The combination of mesh morphing and surrogate modeling in compressor blade analysis enables exploration of various geometric parameters and their effect on structural responses. Application of this process would produce a more thoroughly refined and understood compressor blade design.

scholarly journals Experimental Study for Damage Identification of Storage Tanks by Adding Virtual Masses

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilin Hou ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Tianyu Jing ◽  
Łukasz Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Frequency Response Function ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Identification Approach

This research proposes a damage identification approach for storage tanks that is based on adding virtual masses. First, the frequency response function of a structure with additional virtual masses is deduced based on the Virtual Distortion Method (VDM). Subsequently, a Finite Element (FE) model of a storage tank is established to verify the proposed method; the relation between the added virtual masses and the sensitivity of the virtual structure is analyzed to determine the optimal mass and the corresponding frequency with the highest sensitivity with respect to potential damages. Thereupon, the damage can be localized and quantified by comparing the damage factors of substructures. Finally, an experimental study is conducted on a storage tank. The results confirm that the proposed method is feasible and practical, and that it can be applied for damage identification of storage tanks.

Hardness Variation of Ball Bond Wire Bonding

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1048-1051
Author(s):  
Muhammd Nubli Zulkifli ◽  
Azman Jalar ◽  
Shahrum Abdullah ◽  
Roslinda Shamsudin ◽  
Zulkifli R.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Wire Bonding ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Bonding Technology ◽  
Micromechanical Characterization ◽  
Elastic And Plastic Deformation ◽  
Thermosonic Wire Bonding ◽  
Semiconductor Packaging

In semiconductor packaging, conventional test procedures for evaluating mechanical properties of ball bonded gold wire bonding are well established. However these tests do not provide clear understanding related to the strength mechanism leading to improper reliability data. The nanoindentation approach, uses equipment called nanoindenter, gives advances mechanical (sub-micromechanical) characterization, particularly the combination effect of elastic and plastic deformation. Wire bonding process was prepared using thermosonic-wire bonding technology with 25m diameter gold wire and copper as substrate. To obtain mechanical properties, ball-bonded was cross-sectioned diagonally before indented at various locations. Results show that mechanical properties vary according the locations throughout the surface; at the centre, at the edge and at the area near intermetallics layer. This indicates test location plays important role in determining ‘meaningful’ mechanical properties.

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