Energy–Water–Food Nexus and Recommendations for Security

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaufui Vincent Wong
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Major Factors

The clean, renewable sources of energy are the wind, water, and the sun. Geothermal energy from the Earth is a good source of energy for electricity generation that has not been fully utilized. Sustainable energy sources must have “respect for environment” in the center of the 4-cornered diamond. Respect for the environment is very critical for the energy sources to be long lasting and thus sustainable. Respect for the environment needs to be the central philosophy of keeping the three components of the environment clean and healthy. These components—air, water and the land, overlap three of the four sources of clean energy. Mankind has to be responsible custodians of these three natural resources. One main cause of the energy–water nexus is that about 90% of the world's electricity is manufactured following the Rankine cycle for power generation, and water is used for the removal of heat from the condenser. The energy–water–food nexus arise in some parts of the world mainly because of the local climatic conditions. High population density involved mainly with agriculture and adverse climatic events (floods from melting glaciers owing to climate change) are the major factors that cause these energy–water–food nexus problems. Areas identified to have these energy–water–food problems include several parts of Saharan Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Japan, and the Punjab.

scholarly journals Chinese-Funded Electricity Generation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Implications for Public Debt and Transition to Renewable Energy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seife Ayele ◽  
Vianney Mutyaba
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Competitive Model ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Investment Portfolios

While China has been increasingly contributing to the recent growth in electricity generation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the effects of China-funded investment on host countries’ debt burden and transition to renewable energy sources have not been sufficiently explored. Drawing on secondary data, combined with deep dive studies of Ethiopia and Uganda, this paper shows that despite significant liberalisation of the power sector in SSA, Chinese investments in the electricity industry continue to follow state-led project contract-based models. We show that this approach has failed to encourage Chinese firms to build compelling investment portfolios for competitive procurements within the region and, instead and inadvertently, it has exacerbated the debt burden of host country governments. Second, in spite of the global drive towards climate resilient energy generation, Chinese funding of electricity generation in SSA is not sufficiently channelled towards modern renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power that could reduce vulnerability to climate change. While recognising that the private sector-led competitive model of power generation is not without limitations, we argue that SSA’s electricity generation strategy that leads to less public debt and more climate resilience involves increased involvement of Chinese investment in the competitive model, with more diversification of such investment portfolios towards modern renewables such as wind and solar energy resources.

scholarly journals Mapping of affordability levels for photovoltaic-based electricity generation in the solar belt of sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and South Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Szabó ◽  
Irene Pinedo Pascua ◽  
Daniel Puig ◽  
Magda Moner-Girona ◽  
Mario Negre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Level ◽  
Do So

AbstractLack of access to modern forms of energy hampers efforts to reduce poverty. The provision of electricity to off-grid communities is therefore a long-standing developmental goal. Yet, many off-grid electrification projects neglect mid- and long-term operation and maintenance costs. When this is the case, electricity services are unlikely to be affordable to the communities that are the project’s primary target. Here we show that, compared with diesel-powered electricity generation systems, solar photovoltaic systems are more affordable to no less than 36% of the unelectrified populations in East Asia, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. We do so by developing geo-referenced estimates of affordability at a high level of resolution (1 km2). The analysis illustrates the differences in affordability that may be found at the subnational level, which underscores that electrification investments should be informed by subnational data.

scholarly journals Towards the attainment of sustainable development goal 7: what determines clean energy accessibility in sub-Saharan Africa?

Green Finance ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-286
Author(s):  
Paul Adjei Kwakwa ◽  
◽  
Frank Adusah-Poku ◽  
Kwame Adjei-Mantey ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Sub Saharan

<abstract> <p>Access to clean energy is necessary for environmental cleanliness and poverty reduction. That notwithstanding, many in developing countries especially those in sub-Saharan Africa region lack clean energy for their routine domestic activities. This study sought to unravel the factors that influence clean energy accessibility in sub-Saharan Africa region. Clean energy accessibility, specifically access to electricity, and access to clean cooking fuels and technologies, were modeled as a function of income, foreign direct investment, inflation, employment and political regime for a panel of 31 sub-Saharan countries for the period 2000–2015. Regression analysis from fixed effect, random effect and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares show that access to clean energy is influenced positively by income, foreign direct investment, political regime and employment while inflation has some negative effect on its accessibility. The policy implications from the findings among other things include that expansion in GDP per capita in the sub-region shall be helpful in increasing accessibility to clean energy. Moreover, strengthening the democratic institutions of countries in the region shall enhance the citizens' accessibility to clean energy. Ensuring sustainable jobs for the citizens is necessary for access clean energy.</p> </abstract>

Analyzing the Efficiency of Renewable Energy Sources in Terms of Electricity Generation

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-176
Author(s):  
Talip Arsu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Efficiency Determination ◽  
Energy Supply Security

Electricity generation, one of the renewable energy sources (RES), delivers a solution for various problems such as energy efficiency, energy supply security, reducing foreign dependency, and especially, environmental concerns. However, the solutions provided for these problems bring along the question of which RESs are produced more effectively. Therefore, in this research, RESs used for electricity generation in Turkey were analyzed by using generation data to show which one is more effective. Bi-objective multiple-criteria data envelopment analysis (BiO-MCDEA) method, a goal programming-based efficiency determination method, was used for the efficiency analysis conducted for five years between the years of 2014 and 2018. As a result of the analysis, geothermal energy came into prominence as the most effective RES for all of the years included in the solution. Geothermal energy was followed by biomass energy, wind energy, hydroelectric, and solar energy, respectively.

scholarly journals The Future of Renewable Energy for Electricity Generation in sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
Paul A. Adedeji ◽  
Stephen Akinlabi ◽  
Nkosinathi Madushele ◽  
Obafemi Olatunji
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Pilot Low-Cost Concentrating Solar Power Systems Deployment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Implementation Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6223
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Wendsongre Ramde ◽  
Eric Tutu Tchao ◽  
Yesuenyeagbe Atsu Kwabla Fiagbe ◽  
Jerry John Kponyo ◽  
Asakipaam Simon Atuah
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Concentrating Solar Power ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Sub Saharan

Electricity is one of the most crucial resources that drives any given nation’s growth and development. The latest Sustainable Development Goals report indicates Africa still has a high deficit in electricity generation. Concentrating solar power seems to be a potential option to fill the deficit. That is because most of the components of concentrating solar power plants are readily available on the African market at affordable prices, and there are qualified local persons to build the plants. Pilot micro-concentrating solar power plants have been implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa and have shown promising results that could be expanded and leveraged for large-scale electricity generation. An assessment of a pilot concentrating solar power plant in the sub-region noticed one noteworthy obstacle that is the failure of the tracking system to reduce the operating energy cost of running the tracking control system and improve the multifaceted heliostat focusing behavior. This paper highlights the energy situation and the current development in concentrating solar power technology research in Africa. The paper also presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art solar tracking systems for central receiver systems to illustrate the current direction of research regarding the design of low-cost tracking systems in terms of computational complexity, energy consumption, and heliostat alignment accuracy.

scholarly journals Drivers of Labour Productivity in Flower Farms in Naivasha, Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Jared Isaboke Mose
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Labor Union ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
Major Factors

Although Kenya is the most successful producer and exporter of fresh produce and flowers in sub-Saharan Africa, other countries both in Africa and elsewhere, offer strong competition that could erode export market share in future. Increased labor productivity is crucial for Kenya’s competitiveness. This study aimed at examining the key drivers of labour productivity in flower farms in Naivasha, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was employed and stratified proportionate random sampling technique used to select 381 respondents from who data was collected using a questionnaire. A log-linearized Cobb-Douglas model was used examine determinants of labour productivity. The results showed that workers’ participation in Labor unions, Information & Communication Technology and workers’ skills acquired through training were the major factors that determined labour productivity by 35.4 percent, 19 percent and 14.7 percent respectively. While worker’s wage increase and tools used by a worker influenced labour productivity by 9 percent and 11.4 percent respectively. Worker’s level of education and worker’s experience also increased labour productivity by 5.1 percent and 4 percent respectively. The study recommends that; the Kenyan government should give special attention to education to produce skilled and innovative workers. Flower Farms should invest more in training of workers to acquire relevant skills, acquisition of appropriate tools; improve ICT infrastructure and support labor union in the flower farms.

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