scholarly journals Optical Design of Multisource High-Flux Solar Simulators

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Bader ◽  
Sophia Haussener ◽  
Wojciech Lipiński
Keyword(s):  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Target Area ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Spacing Parameter ◽  
Fixed Array ◽  
Specular Reflector ◽  
Short Arc

We present a systematic approach to the design of a set of high-flux solar simulators (HFSSs) for solar thermal, thermochemical, and materials research. The generic simulator concept consists of an array of identical radiation modules arranged in concentric rows. Each module consists of a short-arc lamp coupled to a truncated ellipsoidal specular reflector. The positions of the radiation modules are obtained based on the rim angle, the number of concentric rows, the number of radiation modules in each row, the reflector radius, and a reflector spacing parameter. For a fixed array of radiation modules, the reflector shape is optimized with respect to the source-to-target radiation transfer efficiency. The resulting radiative flux distribution is analyzed on flat and hemispherical target surfaces using the Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique. An example design consists of 18 radiation modules arranged in two concentric rows. On a 60-mm dia. flat target area at the focal plane, the predicted radiative power and flux are 10.6 kW and 3.8 MW m−2, respectively, and the predicted peak flux is 9.5 MW m−2.

A Novel 50kW 11,000 suns High-Flux Solar Simulator Based on an Array of Xenon Arc Lamps

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Petrasch ◽  
Patrick Coray ◽  
Anton Meier ◽  
Max Brack ◽  
Peter Häberling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Design ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Radiative Fluxes ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
High Temperature Materials ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
Thermochemical Processing ◽  
Average Flux ◽  
Circular Target

A novel high-flux solar simulator, capable of delivering over 50kW of radiative power at peak radiative fluxes exceeding 11,000 suns, is operational at the Paul Scherner Institute. It comprises an array of ten Xe arcs, each close-coupled with ellipsoidal specular reflectors of common focus. Its optical design, main engineering features, and operating performance are described. The Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique is applied to optimize the geometrical configuration for maximum source-to-target transfer efficiency of radiative power. Calorimeter measurements indicated an average flux of 6800kW∕m2 over a 60-mm-diameter circular target, which corresponds to stagnation temperatures above 3300K. This research facility simulates the radiation characteristics of highly concentrating solar systems and serves as an experimental platform for investigating the thermochemical processing of solar fuels and for testing advanced high-temperature materials.

A New 75 kW High-Flux Solar Simulator for High-Temperature Thermal and Thermochemical Research

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hirsch, ◽  
P. v. Zedtwitz, and ◽  
T. Osinga ◽  
J. Kinamore ◽  
A. Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Experimental Platform ◽  
Radiative Power ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
And Performance

A new high-flux solar simulator, capable of delivering up to 75 kW of continuous radiative power at peak fluxes exceeding 4250 kW/m2, is operational at the ETH-Zurich. Its optical design and performance are described. This unique facility serves principally as an experimental platform for investigating thermal and thermochemical processes at temperatures up to 3000°K.

Design of a New 45 kWe High-Flux Solar Simulator for High-Temperature Solar Thermal and Thermo-Chemical Research

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Krueger ◽  
Jane H. Davidson ◽  
Wojciech Lipin´ski
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Peak Flux ◽  
The Common

In this paper, we present a systematic procedure to design a solar simulator for high-temperature concentrated solar thermal and thermo-chemical research. The 45 kWe simulator consists of seven identical radiation units of common focus, each comprised of a 6.5 kWe xenon arc lamp close-coupled to a precision reflector in the shape of a truncated ellipsoid. The size and shape of each reflector is optimized by a Monte Carlo ray tracing analysis to achieve multiple design objectives, including high transfer efficiency of radiation from the lamps to the common focal plane and desired flux distribution. Based on the numerical results, the final optimized design will deliver 7.5 kW over a 6-cm diameter circular disc located in the focal plane, with a peak flux approaching 3.7 MW/m2.

The SCATMES Device for Measurement of Concentrated Solar Radiation

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Neumann ◽  
A. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
Measurement Principle ◽  
Concentrated Solar Radiation ◽  
Compact Geometry

Video camera systems monitoring a diffuse reflecting target for measuring the flux distribution of concentrated solar radiation are quite common. This technique cannot be used if parts of the experimental setup screen the surface of the target. The development of a new measurement system with a compact geometry and a new optical design is described. With this system it is possible to measure the flux distribution behind parts of an experiment and at any position of the plane of measurement, without any alteration of the setup. The sources of error, especially those of the target and the camera, are described and discussed, and finally a comparison to the existing FATMES-System, which has been performed at the solar furnace of the DLR in Cologne, is presented. Due to its measurement principle the new system is called ’Scanning Camera and Target Measurement System‘ (acronym: SCATMES).

A New High-Flux Solar Furnace for High-Temperature Thermochemical Research

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Haueter ◽  
T. Seitz ◽  
A. Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Thermochemical Processing ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Concentration Ratios

A new high-flux solar furnace, capable of delivering up to 40kW at peak concentration ratios exceeding 5000, is operational at PSI. Its optical design characteristics, main engineering features, and operating performance are described. This solar concentrating facility will be used principally for investigating the thermochemical processing of solar fuels at temperatures as high as 2500 K.

A Solar Trough Concentrator for Pill-Box Flux Distribution Over a CPV Panel

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bader ◽  
A. Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Solar Flux ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Mirror Surface ◽  
Surface Imperfections ◽  
Flux Concentration

An integral methodology is formulated to analytically derive the exact profile of a solar trough concentrator that delivers a uniform radiative flux distribution over a flat rectangular target area at the focal plane. The Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique is applied to verify the analytical solution and investigate the effect of sun shape and mirror surface imperfections on the radiation uniformity and spillage. This design is pertinent to concentrating photovoltaics at moderate mean solar flux concentration ratios of up to 50 suns.

Operational Performance of the University of Minnesota 45kWe High-Flux Solar Simulator

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Krueger ◽  
Wojciech Lipiński ◽  
Jane H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
High Flux ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
The University

This paper presents measured performance of the University of Minnesota’s 45 kWe indoor high-flux solar simulator. The simulator consists of seven radiation units, each comprised of a 6.5 kWe xenon short arc lamp coupled to a reflector in the shape of a truncated ellipsoid of revolution. Data include flux distribution at the focal plane for all seven radiation units operating in tandem and for individual radiation units. The flux distribution is measured optically by acquiring the image of radiation reflected from a Lambertian target with a CCD camera equipped with neutral density optical filters. The CCD camera output is calibrated to irradiation using a circular foil heat flux gage. It is shown that accurate calibration of the heat flux gage must account for its response to the spectral characteristics of the radiation source. The simulator delivers radiative power of approximately 9.2 kW over a 60-mm diameter circular area located in the focal plane, corresponding to an average flux of 3.2 MW m−2, with a peak flux of 7.3 MW m−2.

Optical Design of a Novel Two-Stage Solar Trough Concentrator Based on Pneumatic Polymeric Structures

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bader ◽  
P. Haueter ◽  
A. Pedretti ◽  
A. Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Concrete Frames ◽  
Surface Errors ◽  
Flux Concentration ◽  
Specular Reflector ◽  
Polymeric Structures ◽  
Innovative Concept

An innovative concept for fabricating solar trough concentrators based on pneumatic polymer mirrors supported on precast concrete frames is presented. Optical aberration is corrected by means of a secondary specular reflector in tandem with a primary cylindrical concentrator. The optimal design is formulated for maximum solar flux concentration. The Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique is applied to determine the effect of reflective surface errors and structural beam deformations on the performance of the combined primary and secondary concentrating system. The numerical results are validated with field measurements on a 49.4 m length, 7.9 m width sun-tracking prototype system. Theoretical maximum solar concentration ratio is 151 suns; the measured one with a flat secondary reflector was 55 suns.

scholarly journals Optical design and performance of the biological small-angle X-ray scattering beamline at the Taiwan Photon Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-G. Liu ◽  
C.-H. Chang ◽  
L.-C. Chiang ◽  
M.-H. Lee ◽  
C.-F. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
High Flux ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Photon Source ◽  
Ray Scattering

The optical design and performance of the recently opened 13A biological small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beamline at the 3.0 GeV Taiwan Photon Source of the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center are reported. The beamline is designed for studies of biological structures and kinetics in a wide range of length and time scales, from angstrom to micrometre and from microsecond to minutes. A 4 m IU24 undulator of the beamline provides high-flux X-rays in the energy range 4.0–23.0 keV. MoB4C double-multilayer and Si(111) double-crystal monochromators (DMM/DCM) are combined on the same rotating platform for a smooth rotation transition from a high-flux beam of ∼4 × 1014 photons s−1 to a high-energy-resolution beam of ΔE/E ≃ 1.5 × 10−4; both modes share a constant beam exit. With a set of Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirrors, the X-ray beam is focused to the farthest SAXS detector position, 52 m from the source. A downstream four-bounce crystal collimator, comprising two sets of Si(311) double crystals arranged in a dispersive configuration, optionally collimate the DCM (vertically diffracted) beam in the horizontal direction for ultra-SAXS with a minimum scattering vector q down to 0.0004 Å−1, which allows resolving ordered d-spacing up to 1 µm. A microbeam, of 10–50 µm beam size, is tailored by a combined set of high-heat-load slits followed by micrometre-precision slits situated at the front-end 15.5 m position. The second set of KB mirrors then focus the beam to the 40 m sample position, with a demagnification ratio of ∼1.5. A detecting system comprising two in-vacuum X-ray pixel detectors is installed to perform synchronized small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering data collections. The observed beamline performance proves the feasibility of having compound features of high flux, microbeam and ultra-SAXS in one beamline.

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