Advanced Catalytic Igniters Technology for Small Compact Engine Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Etemad ◽  
Benjamin D. Baird ◽  
Sandeep Alavandi
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Heavy Fuels

Development of technologies that allow small, high power density engines such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), unmanned marine vehicles (UMV), and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) to operate on single logistic fuel such as JP-8 is one of government goals. To advance this goal, a lightweight, compact, and retrofit capable ignition source is critical. Compared to standard spark igniters and noncatalytic glow plugs, the use of catalytic glow plugs will provide benefits of lower required compression ratio, improved igniter life, reduced electrical energy requirements, and overall reduction in system weight and size. Experimental testing demonstrated a significant increase in surface temperature (160+ °C) with impingement of a fuel spray compared to a conventional glow plug with engine testing demonstrating the use of catalyst allows stable engine operation at reduced power requirements. Computational analysis was performed to provide insight into the catalyst behavior. Analytical studies suggested increased stability due to both heat release due to exothermic catalytic reaction and production of reactive species. This technology would allow high power density engines to use heavy fuels, while potentially reducing electric power supply and engine complexity and weight, both of which would allow greater range and/or payload capacity. This paper discusses the feasibility of advanced igniters technology as an enabling component for the use of heavy fuels in small, high power density internal combustion engines. The paper presents and discusses analytical investigation, experimental test results, and durability testing data in an internal combustion engine environment.

Advanced Technology Igniter for High Power Density Engines

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh Etemad ◽  
Benjamin D. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Ground Vehicles ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Heavy Fuels ◽  
Engine Testing

With current DoD goals of switching to a common logistics fuel, there is a significant drive to develop technologies that allow small, high power density engines such as used in unmanned aerial, marine, and ground vehicles, typically fueled by volatile fuels such as gasoline, to operate on heavy fuels such as JP-8. In this paper, the potential of advanced catalytic glow plugs as an enabling component for the use of heavy fuels both as a retrofit to existing engines as well as new engine designs is demonstrated. Compared to standard spark igniters and non-catalytic glow plugs, the use of catalytic glow plugs will provide benefits of lower required compression ratio, improved igniter life, reduced electrical energy requirements, and overall reduction in system weight and size. The advanced catalytic glow plug was demonstrated to have a significant increase in surface temperature (180+ °C) with impingement of a fuel spray. Engine testing demonstrated that the use of catalyst allowed stable engine operation at reduced power requirements. This technology would allow high power density engines to use heavy fuels, while potentially reducing electric power supply and engine complexity and weight, both of which would allow greater range and/or payload capacity.

Method of Computation for Periodic Oscillations of a High Power Density Internal Combustion Engine Drive Train in the Presence of Backlash

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Fridman ◽  
Olga Privalova ◽  
Ilya Piraner
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Mass System ◽  
Periodic Oscillations

It is well known that presence of backlash in the timing gear train of modern internal combustion engines leads to significant increase in dynamic loads and noise. Accounting for the backlash introduces non-linearity in the numerical model. Traditionally such a system is solved as an initial value problem using multi-cycle numerical integration of the equation of motion in time domain. Present work offers an efficient method for analysis of periodic oscillations of multi-mass system of complex structure by converting it into a chainlike system. At first, the method is applied to a linear system. It is also shown that this method is applicable to a nonlinear system offering significant improvement in the simulation time as compared to the traditional approach. The developed method is applied to studying dynamics of timing gear train of a high power density diesel engine.

Application of precision chronometric technologies for monitoring deviations in the internal combustion engine operation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.T. Plaksina ◽  
A.B. Syritsky ◽  
A.S. Komshin
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Angle Sensor ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Working Cycle

The article considers the main methods of internal combustion engine diagnostics. A method based on measuring the time intervals between the phases of the working cycle of the mechanism is described. An algorithm for measuring the time intervals from the formulation of the problem to the proof of the efficiency of this method on an internal combustion engine has been determined. The installation of the angle sensor on the crankshaft of the experimental bench engine VAZ 21126 is shown. The basis for the construction of a mathematical model of the crankshaft is presented and the main factors influencing its movement are identified. A criterion has been established according to which the misfire is determined most accurately. The results obtained can be used for developing diagnostic systems for internal combustion engines, as well as engines operating in extreme conditions, for example, beyond the Arctic Circle, on ships, etc.

On-board online evaluation of the charge density in internal combustion engines through electrical discharge characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
Nir Druker ◽  
Gideon Goldwine ◽  
Eran Sher
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Cycle Basis ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Propulsion Unit

We propose here a new method to evaluate the mixture charge density inside the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. This is an important parameter that is needed to optimize the spark timing and the amount of fuel that is introduced to the cylinder at each cycle, thus optimizing the engine operation for higher power, lower brake-specific fuel consumption, or lower pollutants’ emission at any altitude/ambient conditions. The evaluation of the charge density is performed at each cycle (on a cycle-to-cycle basis) by using the voltage–current characteristics of the spark plug gap. This real-time evaluation method may save two of the present in-use temperature and pressure gages, thus considerably increasing the reliability of the propulsion unit. Owing to the expected higher system reliability and system simplicity, small unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as small automotive engines of various types, may significantly benefit from this proposed method. The method principles, rationale, and some preliminary results are presented.

scholarly journals High-power density monolithic fuel cell stack

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéven Pirou ◽  
Belma Talic ◽  
Karen Brodersen ◽  
Anne Hauch ◽  
Henrik Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Multiphysics Modelling

Abstract The transportation sector is currently undergoing a technology shift from internal combustion engines to electric motors powered by batteries. However, their limited range and long charging times limit wide-spread adoption. Electrified transportation powered by solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer an attractive alternative especially for heavy freight and long-range transportation, as this technology can provide high-efficiency and flexible fuel choices. Thus far, the technology is mostly used for stationary applications owing to the high operating temperature, low volumetric and gravimetric power density, and poor robustness towards thermal cycling and mechanical vibrations of conventional ceramic-based cells. Here, we present a novel metal-based monolithic fuel cell design to overcome these issues. Highly cost-competitive and scalable manufacturing methods are employed for fabrication, and only a single heat treatment is required, as opposed to two or three for conventional SOFCs. The design is further optimised through three-dimensional multiphysics modelling, nanoparticle infiltration, and corrosion-mitigating treatments. The monolithic fuel cell shows exceptionally high power density (5.6 kW/L) revealing the vast potential of SOFC technology for transport applications.

Research of influence of thermal loadings on reliability of gas-diesel engines of transport and technological machines

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
N. S. Sevryugina ◽  
A. S. Apatenko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Software Product

Introduction: the factors determining the development trends of the machine-building industry on the example of modernization of the internal combustion engine are considered. The evaluation of the effectiveness of cooperation between manufacturers and the scientific potential of leading scientists in the development of designs of gas-diesel engines. The requirement of time of increase of ecology of internal combustion engines is proved, the reasons braking mass introduction of gas-diesel engines for transport and technological cars are revealed. The parameter of influence on the thermal load of the piston group in gaseous fuel is allocated. The estimation of constructive perfection of development of system of cooling of the piston of the engine is given. The effects of increased temperature on individual parts of the piston in the form of scrapes, chips, causing failure of the internal combustion engine as a whole are shown. The influence of engine oil quality on the engine operation is revealed. It is proposed to Supplement the design of the internal combustion engine with an oil level control device, developed an algorite and a software product for calculating the residual life of the engine oil on key parameters, with the establishment of the term of their replacement.Methods: the study is based on the analysis of the works of leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of improving the design of power equipment. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the system approach, methods of mathematical analysis, reliability theory, analytical and statistical processing of results.Results and discussion: the theoretical justification for the increased thermal load of piston in a gas-diesel engine, justifies the addition of the construction device control engine oil level and consideration of the resource and replacement intervals for the parameters of the actual physical and chemical condition, using the database presented in the software product.Conclusion: operation of gas-diesel engines requires from the operator more strict control over the temperature regime of the engine, the condition of the engine oil and the efficiency of the engine oil, the proposed solutions will allow to assess the quality of the engine oil in real time and to carry out its replacement according to the actual condition, which will ensure.

scholarly journals A Review of Hydrogen Direct Injection for Internal Combustion Engines: Towards Carbon-Free Combustion

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Lung Yip ◽  
Aleš Srna ◽  
Anthony Chun Yin Yuen ◽  
Sanghoon Kook ◽  
Robert A. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Flammability Limits ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Engine Industry

A paradigm shift towards the utilization of carbon-neutral and low emission fuels is necessary in the internal combustion engine industry to fulfil the carbon emission goals and future legislation requirements in many countries. Hydrogen as an energy carrier and main fuel is a promising option due to its carbon-free content, wide flammability limits and fast flame speeds. For spark-ignited internal combustion engines, utilizing hydrogen direct injection has been proven to achieve high engine power output and efficiency with low emissions. This review provides an overview of the current development and understanding of hydrogen use in internal combustion engines that are usually spark ignited, under various engine operation modes and strategies. This paper then proceeds to outline the gaps in current knowledge, along with better potential strategies and technologies that could be adopted for hydrogen direct injection in the context of compression-ignition engine applications—topics that have not yet been extensively explored to date with hydrogen but have shown advantages with compressed natural gas.

scholarly journals Lubricants used in internal combustion engines in times of downsizing

2021 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kilimnik ◽  
Robert Polasik
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
High Power ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Emission Standard

The operation of the internal combustion engine leads to the production of exhaust gases harmful to the natural environment. The introduced standards of the European exhaust emission standard aim, among other things, to reduce CO2 emissions. Such assumptions are related to the reduction of fuel consumption of internal combustion engines in vehicles. This means the need to make structural changes in the produced engines, and thus reduce the displacement while maintaining high power and torque. Engines constructed in this way require the use of individually selected oils and maintaining appropriate service intervals for their replacement.

scholarly journals High-power density monolithic fuel cell stack

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Pirou ◽  
Belma Talic ◽  
Karen Brodersen ◽  
Anne Hauch ◽  
Henrik Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
High Power Density

Abstract The transportation sector is currently undergoing a technology shift from internal combustion engines to electric motors powered by batteries. However, their limited range and long charging times limit wide-spread adoption. Electrified transportation powered by solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer an attractive alternative especially for heavy freight and long-range transportation, as this technology can provide high-efficiency and flexible fuel choices. Thus far, the technology is mostly used for stationary applications owing to the high operating temperature, low volumetric and gravimetric power density, and poor robustness towards thermal cycling and mechanical vibrations of conventional ceramic-based cells. Here, we present a novel metal-based monolithic fuel cell design to overcome these issues. Highly cost-competitive and scalable manufacturing methods are employed for fabrication, and only a single heat treatment is required, as opposed to two or three for conventional SOFCs. The design is further optimised through three-dimensional multiphysics modelling, nanoparticle infiltration, and corrosion-mitigating treatments. The monolithic fuel cell shows exceptionally high power density (5.6 kW/L) and excellent thermal cycling robustness, revealing the vast potential of SOFC technology for transport applications.

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