scholarly journals Interaction Between the Thyroarytenoid and Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscles in the Control of Vocal Fold Adduction and Eigenfrequencies

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yin ◽  
Zhaoyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Laryngeal Muscle

Although it is known vocal fold adduction is achieved through laryngeal muscle activation, it is still unclear how interaction between individual laryngeal muscle activations affects vocal fold adduction and vocal fold stiffness, both of which are important factors determining vocal fold vibration and the resulting voice quality. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model was developed to investigate vocal fold adduction and changes in vocal fold eigenfrequencies due to the interaction between the lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles. The results showed that LCA contraction led to a medial and downward rocking motion of the arytenoid cartilage in the coronal plane about the long axis of the cricoid cartilage facet, which adducted the posterior portion of the glottis but had little influence on vocal fold eigenfrequencies. In contrast, TA activation caused a medial rotation of the vocal folds toward the glottal midline, resulting in adduction of the anterior portion of the glottis and significant increase in vocal fold eigenfrequencies. This vocal fold-stiffening effect of TA activation also reduced the posterior adductory effect of LCA activation. The implications of the results for phonation control are discussed.

scholarly journals Mapping Thyroarytenoid and Cricothyroid Activations to Postural and Acoustic Features in a Fiber-Gel Model of the Vocal Folds

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4671
Author(s):  
Palaparthi ◽  
Smith ◽  
Titze
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Fiber Stress ◽  
Muscle Activations

Any specific vowel sound that humans produce can be represented in terms of four perceptual features in addition to the vowel category. They are pitch, loudness, brightness, and roughness. Corresponding acoustic features chosen here are fundamental frequency (fo), sound pressure level (SPL), normalized spectral centroid (NSC), and approximate entropy (ApEn). In this study, thyroarytenoid (TA) and cricothyroid (CT) activations were varied computationally to study their relationship with these four specific acoustic features. Additionally, postural and material property variables such as vocal fold length (L) and fiber stress (σ) in the three vocal fold tissue layers were also calculated. A fiber-gel finite element model developed at National Center for Voice and Speech was used for this purpose. Muscle activation plots were generated to obtain the dependency of postural and acoustic features on TA and CT muscle activations. These relationships were compared against data obtained from previous in vivo human larynx studies and from canine laryngeal studies. General trends are that fo and SPL increase with CT activation, while NSC decreases when CT activation is raised above 20%. With TA activation, acoustic features have no uniform trends, except SPL increases uniformly with TA if there is a co-variation with CT activation. Trends for postural variables and material properties are also discussed in terms of activation levels.

scholarly journals Modeling the Pathophysiology of Phonotraumatic Vocal Hyperfunction With a Triangular Glottal Model of the Vocal Folds

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2452-2471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel E. Galindo ◽  
Sean D. Peterson ◽  
Byron D. Erath ◽  
Christian Castro ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Glottal Closure ◽  
Vocal Hyperfunction ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Lumped Element Model

Purpose Our goal was to test prevailing assumptions about the underlying biomechanical and aeroacoustic mechanisms associated with phonotraumatic lesions of the vocal folds using a numerical lumped-element model of voice production. Method A numerical model with a triangular glottis, posterior glottal opening, and arytenoid posturing is proposed. Normal voice is altered by introducing various prephonatory configurations. Potential compensatory mechanisms (increased subglottal pressure, muscle activation, and supraglottal constriction) are adjusted to restore an acoustic target output through a control loop that mimics a simplified version of auditory feedback. Results The degree of incomplete glottal closure in both the membranous and posterior portions of the folds consistently leads to a reduction in sound pressure level, fundamental frequency, harmonic richness, and harmonics-to-noise ratio. The compensatory mechanisms lead to significantly increased vocal-fold collision forces, maximum flow-declination rate, and amplitude of unsteady flow, without significantly altering the acoustic output. Conclusion Modeling provided potentially important insights into the pathophysiology of phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction by demonstrating that compensatory mechanisms can counteract deterioration in the voice acoustic signal due to incomplete glottal closure, but this also leads to high vocal-fold collision forces (reflected in aerodynamic measures), which significantly increases the risk of developing phonotrauma.

Vibration Characteristics of the Vocal Folds

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hai ◽  
A. M. Al-Jumaily ◽  
A. Mirnajafi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Vibration Characteristics ◽  
Transverse Isotropic ◽  
Body Theory ◽  
Oscillation Characteristics ◽  
Vocal Fold Nodules

The vibration characteristics of the vocal folds are investigated using a finite element model which incorporates the in-homogeneity and anisotropy of the materials and the irregularity of the geometry. The model employs the cover and body theory to build the structure of the vocal folds and implements measured viscoelastic properties of the mucosa and the transverse isotropic elastic properties of the muscles. It has the potential to simulate some vocal-fold disorders and determine the change in characteristics. To determine the oscillation characteristics of the folds, the eigenfrequency and eigenmodes of the finite element model are determined using the ABAQUS software. The model results compare well with some experiments performed on a silicon vocal fold. It is anticipated that the model will help to identify voice disorders such as vocal-fold paralysis and vocal-fold nodules.

Noncontact Determination of the Mechanical Properties of the Human Vocal Folds

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Deguchi ◽  
Kazutaka Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
Excited Oscillation

Mechanical properties of the vocal folds (such as stiffness or viscoelastic properties) play an essential role in phonation. They affect not only voice quality but also onset threshold of vocal fold self-excited oscillation, a sound source of voice [1]. Many experimental data on the mechanical properties have been reported so far, in which in vitro [2] or in vivo measurement techniques [3] were employed. In vitro measurements give us detailed information on the mechanical properties, yet it would be required to consider possible loss of freshness of the specimen. Meanwhile, current in vivo measurement methods utilize a thin probe to deform the vocal fold tissue located at the back of the throat and hence need technical skills for the surveyor to successfully obtain its loading-deformation relationship.

scholarly journals Bayesian Inference of Vocal Fold Material Properties from Glottal Area Waveforms Using a 2D Finite Element Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Hadwin ◽  
Mohsen Motie-Shirazi ◽  
Byron D. Erath ◽  
Sean D. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Bayesian Estimation ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Lumped Element ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Contact Pressures

Bayesian estimation has been previously demonstrated as a viable method for developing subject-specific vocal fold models from observations of the glottal area waveform. These prior efforts, however, have been restricted to lumped-element fitting models and synthetic observation data. The indirect relationship between the lumped-element parameters and physical tissue properties renders extracting the latter from the former difficult. Herein we propose a finite element fitting model, which treats the vocal folds as a viscoelastic deformable body comprised of three layers. Using the glottal area waveforms generated by self-oscillating silicone vocal folds we directly estimate the elastic moduli, density, and other material properties of the silicone folds using a Bayesian importance sampling approach. Estimated material properties agree with the “ground truth” experimental values to within 3 % for most parameters. By considering cases with varying subglottal pressure and medial compression we demonstrate that the finite element model coupled with Bayesian estimation is sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between experimental configurations. Additional information not available experimentally, namely, contact pressures, are extracted from the developed finite element models. The contact pressures are found to increase with medial compression and subglottal pressure, in agreement with expectation.

Effects of Levodopa on Laryngeal Muscle Activity for Voice Onset and Offset in Parkinson Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1284-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Gallena ◽  
Paul J. Smith ◽  
Thomas Zeffiro ◽  
Christy L. Ludlow
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Laryngeal Muscle ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Research Volunteers ◽  
Thyroarytenoid Muscle

The laryngeal pathophysiology underlying the speech disorder in idiopathic Parkinson disease (IPD) was addressed in this electromyographic study of laryngeal muscle activity. This muscle activity was examined during voice onset and offset gestures in 6 persons in the early stages of IPD who were not receiving medication. The purpose was to determine (a) if impaired voice onset and offset control for speech and vocal fold bowing were related to abnormalities in laryngeal muscle activity in the nonmedicated state and (b) if these attributes change with levodopa. Blinded listeners rated the IPD participants' voice onset and offset control before and after levodopa was administered. In the nonmedi-cated state, the IPD participants' vocal fold bowing was examined on nasoendo-scopy, and laryngeal muscle activity levels were compared with normal research volunteers. The IPD participants were then administered a therapeutic dose of levodopa, and changes in laryngeal muscle activity for voice onset and offset gestures were measured during the same session. Significant differences were found between IPD participants in the nonmedicated state:those with higher levels of muscle activation had vocal fold bowing and greater impairment in voice onset and offset control for speech. Similarly, following levodopa administration, those with thyroarytenoid muscle activity reductions had greater improvements in voice onset and offset control for speech. In this study, voice onset and offset control ifficulties and vocal fold bowing were associated with increased levels of aryngeal muscle activity in the absence of medication.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Treatment for Vocal Fold Bowing with Pulsed Dye Laser

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Yong Cheol Koo ◽  
Hyo Jin Chung ◽  
Michelle J Suh ◽  
Hong-Shik Choi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Dye Laser ◽  
Liquid Silicon ◽  
Pulsed Dye Laser ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

ABSTRACT Bowing of the vocal folds can result from aging, atrophy or idiopathic causes, such as an injudicious vocal cord surgery. Bowing results in dysphonia due to inadequate approximation of the vocal folds. A number of treatments have been proposed for this condition. Intracordal injection of biological materials including liquid silicon and Teflon and various types of thyroplasty have been utilized. However, full voice recovery has never been fully achieved. We present a case involving a 64-year-old Asian man with dysphonia for 30 years. The patient's vocal fold bowing was examined on laryngoscopy. The disease was effectively treated with pulsed dye laser (PDL) followed by speech therapy. Observation of the patient over 1 year did not show any signs of recurrence. Our analysis revealed voice quality improvement. How to cite this article Koo YC, Chung HJ, Suh MJ, Choi HS. The Efficacy of Treatment for Vocal Fold Bowing with Pulsed Dye Laser. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2012;2(1):46-48.

scholarly journals Estimation of Subglottal Pressure, Vocal Fold Collision Pressure, and Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Activation From Neck-Surface Vibration Using a Neural Network Framework and a Voice Production Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiro J. Ibarra ◽  
Jesús A. Parra ◽  
Gabriel A. Alzamendi ◽  
Juan P. Cortés ◽  
Víctor M. Espinoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Vocal Function ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Laryngeal Muscle ◽  
Surface Vibration ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Collision Pressure

The ambulatory assessment of vocal function can be significantly enhanced by having access to physiologically based features that describe underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in individuals with voice disorders. This type of enhancement can improve methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of behaviorally based voice disorders. Unfortunately, the direct measurement of important vocal features such as subglottal pressure, vocal fold collision pressure, and laryngeal muscle activation is impractical in laboratory and ambulatory settings. In this study, we introduce a method to estimate these features during phonation from a neck-surface vibration signal through a framework that integrates a physiologically relevant model of voice production and machine learning tools. The signal from a neck-surface accelerometer is first processed using subglottal impedance-based inverse filtering to yield an estimate of the unsteady glottal airflow. Seven aerodynamic and acoustic features are extracted from the neck surface accelerometer and an optional microphone signal. A neural network architecture is selected to provide a mapping between the seven input features and subglottal pressure, vocal fold collision pressure, and cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscle activation. This non-linear mapping is trained solely with 13,000 Monte Carlo simulations of a voice production model that utilizes a symmetric triangular body-cover model of the vocal folds. The performance of the method was compared against laboratory data from synchronous recordings of oral airflow, intraoral pressure, microphone, and neck-surface vibration in 79 vocally healthy female participants uttering consecutive /pæ/ syllable strings at comfortable, loud, and soft levels. The mean absolute error and root-mean-square error for estimating the mean subglottal pressure were 191 Pa (1.95 cm H2O) and 243 Pa (2.48 cm H2O), respectively, which are comparable with previous studies but with the key advantage of not requiring subject-specific training and yielding more output measures. The validation of vocal fold collision pressure and laryngeal muscle activation was performed with synthetic values as reference. These initial results provide valuable insight for further vocal fold model refinement and constitute a proof of concept that the proposed machine learning method is a feasible option for providing physiologically relevant measures for laboratory and ambulatory assessment of vocal function.

Influence of Vocal Fold Scarring on Phonation: Predictions from a Finite Element Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Berry ◽  
Haven Reininger ◽  
Fariborz Alipour ◽  
Diane M. Bless ◽  
Charles N. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Acoustic Intensity ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration

Objectives: A systematic study of the influence of vocal fold scarring on phonation was conducted. In particular, phonatory variables such as fundamental frequency, oral acoustic intensity, and phonation threshold pressure (PTP) were investigated as a function of the size and position of the laryngeal scar. Methods: By means of a finite element model of vocal fold vibration, the viscoelastic properties of both normal and scarred vocal fold mucosae were simulated on the basis of recent rheological data obtained from rabbit and canine models. Results: The study showed that an increase in the viscoelasticity of the scarred mucosa resulted in an increase in fundamental frequency, an increase in PTP, and a decrease in oral acoustic intensity. With regard to positioning of the scar, the PTP increased most significantly when the scar was within ±2 mm of the superior-medial junction of the vocal folds. Conclusions: The systematic data obtained in this investigation agree with the general clinical experience. In the future, these findings may be further validated on human subjects as newly emerging technologies such as linear skin rheometry and optical coherence tomography allow the histologic and viscoelastic properties of the normal and scarred vocal fold mucosae to be measured in the clinic.

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