The Correlation of the Volumetric Wear Rate of Turning Tool Inserts With Carbide Grain Sizes

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew A. Kuttolamadom ◽  
M. Laine Mears ◽  
Thomas R. Kurfess
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Volumetric Wear ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Material Volume ◽  
Definition Of

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of different carbide grain sizes on the tool material volume worn away from straight tungsten–carbide–cobalt (WC–Co) turning inserts. A previously developed metrology method for assessing the tool material volume worn away from milling inserts is adapted for quantifying the volumetric tool wear (VTW) of turning inserts. Controlled turning experiments are conducted at suitable points in the feed-speed design space for two sets of uncoated inserts having different carbide grain sizes. Three levels of Ti–6Al–4V stock removal volumes (10-cm3 each) are analyzed. For each insert, the tool material volume worn away (in mm3) as well as the three-dimensional (3D) wear profile evolution is quantified after each run. Further, the specific volumetric wear rate and the M-ratio (volume of stock removed to VTW) are related to the material removal rate (MRR). The effect of carbide grain size on VTW is examined using scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Finally, the inverse dependence of the M-ratio on MRR enables the definition of actual usable tool life in terms of its efficiency in removing stock, rather than being based on a tool geometry related metric.

Correlation of the Volumetric Tool Wear Rate of Carbide Milling Inserts With the Material Removal Rate of Ti–6Al–4V

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Kuttolamadom ◽  
Parikshit Mehta ◽  
Laine Mears ◽  
Thomas Kurfess
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Volumetric Wear ◽  
Machining Economics ◽  
Material Volume

The objective of this paper is to assess the correlation of volumetric tool wear (VTW) and wear rate of carbide tools on the material removal rate (MRR) of titanium alloys. A previously developed methodology for assessing the worn tool material volume is utilized for quantifying the VTW of carbide tools when machining Ti–6Al–4V. To capture the tool response, controlled milling experiments are conducted at suitable corner points of the recommended feed-speed design space, for constant stock material removal volumes. For each case, the tool material volume worn away, as well as the corresponding volumetric wear profile evolution in terms of a set of geometric coefficients, is quantified—these are then related to the MRR. Further, the volumetric wear rate and the M-ratio (volume of stock removed to VTW) which is a measure of the cutting tool efficiency, are related to the MRR—these provide a tool-life based optimal MRR for profitability. This work not only elevates tool wear from a 1D to 3D concept, but helps in assessing machining economics from a stock material-removal-efficiency perspective as well.

The Correlation of Volumetric Tool Wear and Wear Rate of Machining Tools With the Material Removal Rate of Titanium Alloys

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Kuttolamadom ◽  
Parikshit Mehta ◽  
Laine Mears ◽  
Thomas Kurfess
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Volumetric Wear ◽  
Machining Economics

The objective of this paper is to assess the correlation of volumetric tool wear (VTW) and wear rate of carbide tools on the material removal rate (MRR) of titanium alloys. A previously developed methodology for assessing the worn tool material volume is utilized for quantifying the VTW of carbide tools when machining Ti-6Al-4V. To capture the tool substrate response, controlled milling experiments are conducted at suitable corner points of the feed-speed design space for constant stock material removal volumes. For each case, the tool material volumes worn away, as well as the corresponding volumetric wear profile evolution in terms of a set of geometric coefficients are quantified — these are then related to the MRR. Further, the volumetric wear rate and the M-ratio (volume of stock removed to VTW), which is a measure of the cutting tool efficiency, are related to the MRR — these provide a tool-centered optimal MRR in terms of profitability. This work not only elevates tool wear from a 1-D to 3-D concept, but helps in assessing machining economics from a stock material removal efficiency perspective as well.

Modern Metals Machining Technology

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Cutter Life ◽  
Cutting Operation

Titanium alloys such as A-110AT, B-120VCA, C-120AV, and 6-6-2AVT, which have been used to manufacture structural components for the aerospace industry, are difficult to machine when compared to aluminum and even some steel alloys. Tool wear for high-speed tool steel and carbide cutters takes place rapidly, necessitating the use of low cutting speeds and feeds to obtain a reasonable cutter life. In this study, the means used toward achieving an objective of increased producibility and reduced costs for titanium alloys was through an intensive machinability investigation of the machining characteristics. Control of pertinent machining variables, such as cutting speed, feed rate, tool material, tool geometry, machine tool setup, and cutting fluid, was rigorously maintained. Comparative cost analyses of the actual cutting operation and the attendant cutting tool costs were made concurrently with the study to obtain conditions which provided the best metal removal rate with reasonable cutter life at the lowest cost.

Study on Influencing of Technological Parameter with Tools Wear during Turning Fluorophlogopite Glass-Ceramics

2008 ◽  
Vol 375-376 ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Jie Ma
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Tools Wear

The characteristic of tools wear is analyzed through turning fluorophlogopite glass-ceramics. And the process of tools wear can be divided into three periods. Through single factor test, the influence of tools wear was discussed such as tool material, cooling conditions, cutting depth and feed speed. The study indicates, the tools material and cooling condition are major factors to affect tools wear. The high-speed steel tool is not suitable for turning fluorophlogopite. Because sustaining time of cutting is short and efficiency is low in machining, the tungsten-cobalt carbide tool is not perfect tool. And ceramics tool is better than the both. The tools wear rate can be decreased under cooling conditions. Influential curve of tools wear rate versus cutting depth is a part of parabola curve.

Experimental investigation of the effect of tool material on the performance of AISI 4140 steel in the rotary near dry electrical discharge machining

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-317
Author(s):  
Fereydoon Rajabinasab ◽  
Vahid Abedini ◽  
Mohammadjafar Hadad ◽  
Ramezanali Hajighorbani
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Tool Wear Rate ◽  
Dry Electrical Discharge Machining

This research conducts in three sections. The first section studies the effect of tool materials and gases on rotary workpiece electrical discharge machining. During the experiments, the effects of three kinds of tool materials (Cu, Cu-Cr, and Cu-Sn) and three types of industrial gases (air, argon, and CO2) on the material removal rate, tool wear rate, and workpiece surface roughness are investigated. The second is a comparison between rotary workpiece, rotary tool, and the fixed workpiece by choosing the appropriate tool material and gas in order to observe the effect of workpieces rotation on the process. Finally, another comparison has been done between wet electrical discharge machining and near dry electrical discharge machining of the fixed workpiece in order to study the effect of the dielectric. The results show the copper tool has the best performance compared with other tools. Scanning electron microscopy output shows the Cu-Sn tool creates shallow micro-cracks on the surface. Air and CO2 gases have the higher material removal rate in low current, but argon has better function than other gases in high current. In addition, a rotational speed causes an increase in material removal rate and tool wear rate and surface roughness decrease in near dry electrical discharge machining. The level of tool wear rate has decreased by 14% in the rotary workpiece compared with the rotary tool.

Application of high-resolution field-emission LVSEM, backscatter imaging, immunogold staining to definition of the spatial distributions of two human neutrophil adherence receptors

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Robert D. Nelson ◽  
Sharon R. Hasslen ◽  
Stanley L. Erlandsen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Functional Control ◽  
Neutrophil Adherence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mode Of Attachment

Receptors are commonly defined in terms of number per cell, affinity for ligand, chemical structure, mode of attachment to the cell surface, and mechanism of signal transduction. We propose to show that knowledge of spatial distribution of receptors on the cell surface can provide additional clues to their function and components of functional control.L-selectin and Mac-1 denote two receptor populations on the neutrophil surface that mediate neutrophil-endothelial cell adherence interactions and provide for targeting of neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation. We have studied the spatial distributions of these receptors using LVSEM and backscatter imaging of isolated human neutrophils stained with mouse anti-receptor (primary) antibody and goat anti-mouse (secondary) antibody conjugated to 12 nm colloidal gold. This combination of techniques provides for three-dimensional analysis of the expression of these receptors on different surface membrane domains of the neutrophil: the ruffles and microvilli that project from the cell surface, and the cell body between these projecting structures.

scholarly journals Proposing 3D Thermal Technology for Heritage Building Energy Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Antonio Adán ◽  
Víctor Pérez ◽  
José-Luis Vivancos ◽  
Carolina Aparicio-Fernández ◽  
Samuel A. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Monitoring ◽  
3D Computer Vision ◽  
Building Monitoring ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Definition Of

The energy monitoring of heritage buildings has, to date, been governed by methodologies and standards that have been defined in terms of sensors that record scalar magnitudes and that are placed in specific positions in the scene, thus recording only some of the values sampled in that space. In this paper, however, we present an alternative to the aforementioned technologies in the form of new sensors based on 3D computer vision that are able to record dense thermal information in a three-dimensional space. These thermal computer vision-based technologies (3D-TCV) entail a revision and updating of the current building energy monitoring methodologies. This paper provides a detailed definition of the most significant aspects of this new extended methodology and presents a case study showing the potential of 3D-TCV techniques and how they may complement current techniques. The results obtained lead us to believe that 3D computer vision can provide the field of building monitoring with a decisive boost, particularly in the case of heritage buildings.

scholarly journals Novel Abrasive-Impregnated Pads and Diamond Plates for the Grinding and Lapping of Single-Crystal Silicon Carbide Wafers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Ming-Yi Tsai ◽  
Kun-Ying Li ◽  
Sun-Yu Ji
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Chemical Mechanical Planarization ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Diamond Grit ◽  
Ceramic Binder

In this study, special ceramic grinding plates impregnated with diamond grit and other abrasives, as well as self-made lapping plates, were used to prepare the surface of single-crystal silicon carbide (SiC) wafers. This novel approach enhanced the process and reduced the final chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) polishing time. Two different grinding plates with pads impregnated with mixed abrasives were prepared: one with self-modified diamond + SiC and a ceramic binder and one with self-modified diamond + SiO2 + Al2O3 + SiC and a ceramic binder. The surface properties and removal rate of the SiC substrate were investigated and a comparison with the traditional method was conducted. The experimental results showed that the material removal rate (MRR) was higher for the SiC substrate with the mixed abrasive lapping plate than for the traditional method. The grinding wear rate could be reduced by 31.6%. The surface roughness of the samples polished using the diamond-impregnated lapping plate was markedly better than that of the samples polished using the copper plate. However, while the surface finish was better and the grinding efficiency was high, the wear rate of the mixed abrasive-impregnated polishing plates was high. This was a clear indication that this novel method was effective and could be used for SiC grinding and lapping.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document