Combustion and Emission Characterization of n-Butanol Fueled HCCI Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Maurya ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Hcci Engines ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Biofuels are attracting global attention as alternate transportation fuels due to advantages of their being produced from locally available renewable resources, lower pollution potential, and biodegradable nature. Butanol is fast emerging as one of the competitive biofuels for use in transportation engines. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have shown great potential for higher engine efficiency and ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. This experimental study is therefore carried out to combine the advantages of biofuels and HCCI engines, both. Detailed performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of n-butanol fueled HCCI engine are investigated experimentally. The study is conducted on a four cylinder diesel engine, whose one cylinder was modified to operate in HCCI combustion mode. Port fuel injection technique was used for homogeneous charge preparation in the intake manifold. Auto-ignition of fuel in the engine cylinder was achieved by intake air preheating. In-cylinder pressure-crank angle data acquisition with subsequent heat release analyses and exhaust emission measurements were done for combustion and emission characterization. In this paper, the effect of intake air temperature and air–fuel ratio on the combustion parameters, thermal and combustion efficiency, ringing intensity (RI), and emissions from n-butanol fueled HCCI engine were analyzed and discussed comprehensively. Empirical correlations were derived to fit the experimental data for various combustion parameters.

Experimental Investigations of Particulate Size and Number Distribution in an Ethanol and Methanol Fueled HCCI Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Maurya ◽  
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Number Distribution ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Alcohols (ethanol and methanol) are being widely considered as alternative fuels for automotive applications. At the same time, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine has attracted global attention due to its potential of providing high engine efficiency and ultralow exhaust emissions. Environmental legislation is becoming increasingly stringent, sharply focusing on particulate matter (PM) emissions. Recent emission norms consider limiting PM number concentrations in addition to PM mass. Therefore, present study is conducted to experimentally investigate the effects of engine operating parameters on the PM size–number distribution in a HCCI engine fueled with gasoline, ethanol, and methanol. The experiments were conducted on a modified four-cylinder diesel engine, with one cylinder modified to operate in HCCI mode. Port fuel injection was used for preparing homogeneous charge in the HCCI cylinder. Intake air preheating was used to enable auto-ignition of fuel–air mixture. Engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) was used for measuring size–number distribution of soot particles emitted by the HCCI engine cylinder under varying engine operating conditions. Experiments were conducted at 1200 and 2400 rpm by varying intake air temperature and air–fuel ratio for gasoline, ethanol, and methanol. In this paper, the effect of engine operating parameters on PM size–number distribution, count mean diameter (CMD), and total PM numbers is investigated. The experimental data show that the PM number emissions from gasoline, ethanol, and methanol in HCCI cannot be neglected and particle numbers increase for relatively richer mixtures and higher intake air temperatures.

Distribution of Two-Stage Direct Injection CNG-Air Mixture near Lean Limit Using CFD

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 448-452
Author(s):  
Mas Fawzi ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kidoguchi ◽  
Yuzuru Nada
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Gas Jet ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Lean Burn

Previous work shows that gas-jet ignition with two-stage injection technique is effective to extend lean combustible ranges of CNG engines. In this report, the robustness of the gas-jet ignition with two-stage injection method was investigated purposely to improve the performance of a lean burn direct injection CNG engine. The experiment was conducted using an engine at speed of 900 rpm, fuel-injection-pressure of 3MPa, equivalence ratio at 0.8, and ignition timing at top dead center. The effect of first injection timing on the test engine performance and exhaust emission was analyzed. First injection timings near the gas-jet ignition produced unstable combustion with occurrence of misfires except at a timing which produced distinctively good combustion with low HC and CO emissions. Computational fluid dynamics was used to provide hindsight of the fuel-air mixture distribution that might be the cause of misfires occurrence at certain injection timings.

scholarly journals Numerical investigation into the effect of direct fuel injection on thermal stratification in HCCI engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Michał GĘCA ◽  
Jacek HUNICZ ◽  
Piotr JAWORSKI
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Negative Valve Overlap ◽  
Valve Overlap ◽  
Direct Fuel Injection

Despite the fact that HCCI engines are distinguished by mixture homogeneity, some degree of stratification always appears inside a combustion chamber. It is especially applied to residual effect engines utilizing negative valve overlap. Mixture stratification is a result of the imperfect mixing of fresh air with trapped residuals. Direct fuel injection introduces stratification as well, due to fuel vaporization. As a consequence, the temperature within the combustion chamber is uneven. Thermal stratification affects auto-ignition timing and combustion evolution in a high extent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a degree of thermal stratification in HCCI engine utilizing negative valve overlap. Investigations were performed using three-dimensional CFD model of the combustion system, made by using AVL FIRE software. Simulations were realized for various timings of fuel injection into the cylinder. It was found that fuel injection timing had a significant effect on the thermal stratification and resulting auto-ignition timing.

Modelling and Simulation of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine Fueled by Biodiesel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshack Hawi ◽  
Mahmoud Ahmed ◽  
Shinichi Ookawara
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Hcci Engines ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a combustion technology which has received increased attention of researchers in the combustion field for its potential in achieving low oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emission in internal combustion (IC) engines. HCCI engines have advantages of higher thermal efficiency and reduced emissions in comparison to conventional internal combustion engines. In HCCI engines, ignition is controlled by the chemical kinetics, which leads to significant variation in ignition time with changes in the operating conditions. This variation limits the practical range of operation of the engine. Additionally, since HCCI engine operation combines the operating principles of both spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines, HCCI engine parameters such as compression ratio and injection timing may vary significantly depending on operating conditions, including the type of fuel used. As such, considerable research efforts have been focused on establishing optimal conditions for HCCI operation with both conventional and alternative fuels. In this study, numerical simulation is used to investigate the effect of compression ratio on combustion and emission characteristics of an HCCI engine fueled by pure biodiesel. Using a zero-dimensional (0-D) reactor model and a detailed reaction mechanism for biodiesel, the influence of compression ratio on the combustion and emission characteristics are studied in Chemkin-Pro. Simulation results are validated with available experimental data in terms of incylinder pressure and heat release rate to demonstrate the accuracy of the simulation model in predicting the performance of the actual engine. Analysis shows that an increase in compression ratio leads to advanced and higher peak incylinder pressure. The results also reveal that an increase in compression ratio produces advanced ignition and increased heat release rates for biodiesel combustion. Emission of NOx is observed to increase with increase in compression ratio while the effect of compression ratio on emissions of CO, CO2 and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) is only marginal.

Cyclic Variations of Ignition Timing in an HCCI Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Shahbakhti ◽  
Robert Lupul ◽  
Charles Robert Koch
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Cyclic Variability ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Hcci Engines ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Operating Points

Understanding the effect of modifying the properties of the engine charge on the cyclic variations of ignition timing is one essential aspect of being able to predict and control the ignition timing in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines. This paper investigates cyclic variability of HCCI ignition timing using the experimental data from two different engines at over 300 operating points for five different blends of iso-octane and n-heptane. Experimental results indicate that the cyclic variations of HCCI auto-ignition timing decrease with an increase in the intake manifold temperature and mixture richness, but it increases with an increase in the EGR rate.

A Novel Method to Estimate Parameters of the Wall-Wetting Fuel Model in MPFI Engines for Cold Start and Warm Up Conditions

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shahbakhti ◽  
M. Ghafuri ◽  
A. R. Aslani ◽  
A. Sahraeian ◽  
S. A. Jazayeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Fuel Film ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Fuel Ratio

In order to fulfill the LEV/ULEV exhaust emission standards, it is necessary to have a precise control of air fuel ratio under transient conditions especially during cold start and warm up periods. The objective in this study was to estimate parameters of a fuel delivery model and use them to provide a correct fuel injection compensation strategy. In this study, fuel transfer characteristics of intake port of a typical fuel-injected spark ignition engine have been determined for engine warm-up conditions following cold starts at temperature down to −15°C and extending to fully-warmed-up conditions, using a method based upon perturbing fuel injection rate and recording AFR (Air Fuel Ratio) response. Since there was no cold chamber available to perform tests in cold start conditions, a new method was utilized to simulate cold start conditions. This method can be used on any PFI engine with closed valve injection strategy. Following the estimation of fuel transfer model parameters, the variation of fuel film deposit factor (X), fuel film evaporation time constant (τf) and transport delay to oxygen sensor (ΔT) parameters over a range of temperatures, engine speeds and intake manifold pressures have been evaluated, providing a good insight to define transient fuel compensation requirements for cold start and warm up conditions.

scholarly journals Microphones and Knock Sensors for Feedback Control of HCCI Engines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Souder ◽  
J. Hunter Mack ◽  
J. Karl Hedrick ◽  
Robert W. Dibble
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Hcci Engines ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
Knock Sensor ◽  
Direct Fuel Injection

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines lack direct in-cylinder mechanisms, such as spark plugs or direct fuel injection, for controlling the combustion timing. Many indirect methods have been used to control the combustion timing in a HCCI engine. With any indirect method, it is important to have a measure of the combustion timing so the control inputs can be adjusted for the next cycle. In this paper, it is shown that microphones and knock sensors can be used to detect combustion in HCCI engines. The output from various microphones and a knock sensor on an HCCI engine are measured at light and high loads. The combustion timing data obtained from the sensors are compared to the combustion timing data obtained from a piezoelectric cylinder pressure transducer. One of these sensors is selected and used for closed-loop control of the combustion timing in a single cylinder HCCI engine.

Effects of exhaust gas recirculation in homogeneous charge compression ignition engines

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nakano ◽  
Y Mandokoro ◽  
S Kubo ◽  
S Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hcci Engines ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Homogeneous Charge

Ignition control is an important issue in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines, which have the advantages of low NOx emission and high thermal efficiency. In this study, the effect of the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the ignition control of HCCI engines is discussed using an engine cycle simulation in which a homogeneous mixture is assumed. Auto-ignition of 65 per cent iso-octane + 25 per cent toluene + 10 per cent n-heptane, which is used as a fuel to evaluate the characteristics of a gasoline-like fuel, is represented by a detailed reaction model. The dilution by EGR delays the ignition timing when the charged gas temperature is not changed by EGR. The temperature rise of the charged gas promotes auto-ignition. Based on these characteristics, it was suggested that the ignition timing could be controlled by EGR with temperature control, when the amount of fuel supply is constant. This control method can also be applied to control of the air-fuel ratio (A/F) in the cylinder while maintaining the optimum ignition timing. In spite of the difference in the A/F and the EGR ratios, no significant difference was found in the pressure rise rate at combustion and the NOx emission when the ignition timing was the same.

Study on Characteristics of HCCI Engine Operation for EGR, Equivalence Ratio and Intake Charge Temperature and Pressure While Using Dimethyl Ether

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Navid Shahangian ◽  
Seyed Ali Jazayeri ◽  
Nader Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Fuel Loading ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Hcci Engines ◽  
Intake Pressure ◽  
Ignition Characteristics ◽  
And Performance

In this paper a single-zone zero-dimensional thermodynamic model, coupled with chemical kinetic equations, has been developed using Visual FORTRAN programming software to predict combustion and performance characteristics of HCCI engines using DME fuel. The model is used to investigate the effects of intake temperature, fuel loading, intake pressure, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on auto-ignition characteristics, optimum combustion phasing, and performance of the HCCI engines. Simultaneous effects of these variables for finding the most appropriate regime of HCCI engine operation, considering knock and misfire boundaries, are also studied.

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