scholarly journals Theoretical and Experimental Study of Bimetal-Pipe Hydroforming

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Dezhi ◽  
Deng Kuanhai ◽  
Shi Taihe ◽  
Lin Yuanhua ◽  
Zhu Hongjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Corrosion Resistant Alloy

The corrosion of oil country tubular goods (OCTG) gets more and more serious especially in the acidic environment. So, it is very important to develop a perfect anticorrosion technology for exploring sour oil and gas fields economically and safely. Analysis indicates that the bimetal-pipe (BP) which consists of the base layer of low carbon steel and a corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) cladding layer is an economic and reliable anticorrosion technology and has broad application prospects in the transportation of acid medium. However, theoretical study of hydraulic expansion mechanism for BP is not enough. In this paper, the deformation compatibility condition of BP was obtained by studying the deformation rule of the (CRA) liner and the outer pipe of carbon steel in the forming process; the mechanical model which can compute the hydroforming pressure of BP has been established based on the nonlinear kinematic hardening characteristics of material; furthermore, based on the stress strain curve of inner pipe simultaneously, the calculation method of the plastic hardening stress has been proposed. Thus, the accurate method for computing the forming pressure was obtained. The experimental data show that results are consistent with results of the proposed model. It indicates that the model can be used to provide theoretical guidance for the design and production as well as use of BP.

Measurement and Calculation of Elastic Properties in Low Carbon Steel Sheet

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1591-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Luzin ◽  
S. Banovic ◽  
Thomas Gnäupel-Herold ◽  
Henry Prask ◽  
R.E. Ricker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Elastic Property ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Steel Sheet

Low carbon steel (usually in sheet form) has found a wide range of applications in industry due to its high formability. The inner and outer panels of a car body are good examples of such an implementation. While low carbon steel has been used in this application for many decades, a reliable predictive capability of the forming process and “springback” has still not been achieved. NIST has been involved in addressing this and other formability problems for several years. In this paper, texture produced by the in-plane straining and its relationship to springback is reported. Low carbon steel sheet was examined in the as-received condition and after balanced biaxial straining to 25%. This was performed using the Marciniak in-plane stretching test. Both experimental measurements and numerical calculations have been utilized to evaluate anisotropy and evolution of the elastic properties during forming. We employ several techniques for elastic property measurements (dynamic mechanical analysis, static four point bending, mechanical resonance frequency measurements), and several calculation schemes (orientation distribution function averaging, finite element analysis) which are based on texture measurements (neutron diffraction, electron back scattering diffraction). The following objectives are pursued: a) To test a range of different experimental techniques for elastic property measurements in sheet metals; b) To validate numerical calculation methods of the elastic properties by experiments; c) To evaluate elastic property changes (and texture development) during biaxial straining. On the basis of the investigation, recommendations are made for the evaluation of elastic properties in textured sheet metal.

scholarly journals FEM Simulation of the Riveting Process and Structural Analysis of Low-Carbon Steel Tubular Rivets Fracture

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Jan Jasinski ◽  
Michal Tagowski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Fracture Mechanism ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Explicit Integration

Riveted joints are a common way to connect elements and subassemblies in the automotive industry. In the assembly process, tubular rivets are loaded axially with ca. 3 kN forces, and these loads can cause cracks and delamination in the rivet material. Such effects at the quality control stage disqualify the product in further assembly process. The article presents an analysis of the fracture mechanism of E215 low-carbon steel tubular rivets used to join modules of driver and passenger safety systems (airbags) in vehicles. Finite element method (FEM) simulation and material testing were used to verify the stresses and analysis of the rivet fracture. Numerical tests determined the state of stress during rivet forming using the FEM-EA method based on the explicit integration of central differences. Light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition analysis (SEM-EDS) were performed to investigate the microstructure of the rivet material and to analyze the cracks. Results showed that the cause of rivet cracking is the accumulation and exceeding of critical tensile stresses in the rivet flange during the tube processing and the final riveting (forming) process. Moreover, it was discovered that rivet fracture is largely caused by structural defects (tertiary cementite Fe,Mn3CIII along the boundaries of prior austenite grains) in the material resulting from the incorrectly selected parameters of the final heat treatment of the prefabricate (tube) from which the rivet was produced. The FEM simulation of the riveting and structural characterization results correlated well, so the rivet forming process and fracture mechanism could be fully investigated.

scholarly journals Impact of Cold-Rolling and Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Treated Low Carbon Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Le Van Long ◽  
Dinh Van Hien ◽  
Nguyen Truong Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Chi Tho ◽  
Van Thom Do
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Good Ductility ◽  
Rolling Deformation

The low carbon steel has good ductility that is favorable for forming process, but its low strength leads to limiting their application for forced structures. This paper studied improving strength of low-carbon steel via rolling deformation and dual-phase treatment. The results showed that the dual-phase treated steel had a combination of high strength and good ductility; its tensile ultimate strength reached 740 MPa with elongation at fracture of over 15%, while that of the cold-rolled steel only reached 700 MPa with elongation at fracture of under 3%. Based on the obtained results, relationships between mechanical properties and dual-phase processing parameters were established to help users choose suitable-processing parameters according to requirements of products.

scholarly journals Temper embrittlement of 9%Ni low carbon steel and nondestructive inspection by magnetic Barkhausen noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 349 ◽  
pp. 02020
Author(s):  
Sérgio S.M. Tavares ◽  
Fernanda F. Neves ◽  
Hugo R. da Igreja ◽  
Leosdan F. Noris ◽  
Odivaldo C. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Temper Embrittlement ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

9% Ni and low carbon steel is used in cryogenic services in oil and gas industries. The final mechanical properties are adjusted by quenching and tempering heat treatments. However, the un-correct tempering may cause temper embrittlement, with drastic decrease of toughness at cryogenic temperatures. In this study, specimens tempered at 350°C, 400°C and 450°C showed very low toughness at low temperature (-196°C) due to temper embrittlement. Specimens slowly cooled from the tempering temperature (565°C, 585°C and 605°C) also showed toughness reduction in comparison with specimens tempered at the same temperature and cooled in water. The brittle fracture was characterized by intergranular cracks and cleavage. Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) inspection was conducted to verify if this technique can be used to detect the temper embrittlement in 9Ni steels. The root mean square (RMS) of the MBN signal was higher in specimens as quenched and in specimens tempered in the temper embrittlement range (350°C-500°C) than in specimens which were correctly tempered (565°C-605°C and water cooled). Comparing specimens tempered at 565 and 585°C range and slowly cooled with those which were water cooled, the RMS(MBN) was higher in the former group, which presented the lower toughness. However, the MBN inspection could not separate specimens tempered at 605°C slowly and rapidly, which can be related to the higher austenite volume fraction measured in the specimen slowly cooled.

Modeling the Hydrogen Effect on the Constitutive Response of a Low Carbon Steel in Cyclic Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra S. Hosseini ◽  
Mohsen Dadfarnia ◽  
Akihide Nagao ◽  
Masanobu Kubota ◽  
Brian P. Somerday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Cyclic Hardening ◽  
Hydrogen Effect ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Japanese Industrial Standard ◽  
Cyclic Straining

Abstract Hydrogen-accelerated fatigue crack growth is a most severe manifestation of hydrogen embrittlement. A mechanistic and predictive model is still lacking partly due to the lack of a descriptive constitutive model of the hydrogen/material interaction at the macroscale under cyclic loading. Such a model could be used to assess the nature of the stress and strain fields in the neighborhood of a crack, a development that could potentially lead to the association of these fields with proper macroscopic parameters. Toward this goal, a constitutive model for cyclic response should be capable of capturing hardening or softening under cyclic straining or ratcheting under stress-controlled testing. In this work, we attempt a constitutive description by using data from uniaxial strain-controlled cyclic loading and stress-controlled ratcheting tests with a low carbon steel, Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) SM490YB, conducted in air and 1 MPa H2 gas environment at room temperature. We explore the Chaboche constitutive model which is a nonlinear kinematic hardening model that was developed as an extension to the Frederick and Armstrong model, and propose an approach to calibrate the parameters involved. From the combined experimental data and the calibrated Chaboche model, we may conclude that hydrogen decreases the yield stress and the amount of cyclic hardening. On the other hand, hydrogen increases ratcheting, the rate of cyclic hardening, and promotes stronger recovery.

Structure and mechanical properties of low-carbon steel for oil and gas pipelines

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Veselov ◽  
I. Yu. Pyshmintsev ◽  
K. A. Laev ◽  
S. Yu. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines

Study for Rectangular Box Drawing of Segmented Variable Blank Holder Force

2009 ◽  
Vol 628-629 ◽  
pp. 523-528
Author(s):  
Xi Ning Li ◽  
Cheng Yu Jiang ◽  
Zhong Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Penalty Function Method ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Blank Holder Force ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Blank Holder ◽  
Drawing System

The sheet forming simulation of rectangular box was conducted by finite element method (FEM), the forming process experiment, further, was investigated, so as to understand the effect of the form of blank holder and the manner of blank holder force (BHF) on the complicated parts forming. In my study, a kind of low carbon steel was investigated, and its mechanical properties were obtained by simple tension tests. The outermost contour of the blank shape was determined by “one step method”. Furthermore, the finite element model was constructed by ANSYS parametric design language (APDL), which has characteristic of grid meshing by Belytschko-Tsay (BT) shell element, applying anisotropic constitutive equation of Barlat yield criterion, dealing contact by penalty function method and using adaptive mesh algorithm in the simulation process. Then the forming process simulation of rectangular box with segmented variable BHF was conducted. On the basis of analyzing the work principle and technical parameters of XP3CEF-100 hydraulic press, the rectangular box drawing system of segmented VBHF was established, which was made of hydraulic press, rectangular box drawing die of segmented blank holder, hydraulic part of blank holder and control part. Finally the low carbon steel forming tests were fulfilled by the rectangular box drawing system on the basis of the simulation result.

scholarly journals Analysis of Thickness Distribution in Cup Produced by Rubber Pad Forming

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jalil J. Shukur
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Major Point ◽  
Rubber Pad Forming ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Experimental And Numerical Modeling

In many manufacturing fields such as the aeroplanes and automobiles industries, the control of the thinning variations in produced parts is a major point to investigate since good thickness distribution mean the reliability of these products. In this framework, several experimental and numerical modeling tests have been developed for the purpose of studying phenomenon of thinning during rubber pad forming process. The low carbon steel (AISI 1080) has been used as the blank material. Three forming block shapes had been used (flat, hemispherical and complex), rubber pad with three different hardness (50, 60 and 70 Shore A) also the rubber pad thickness have (40, 60 and 80 mm). The results have showed that improvement in thickness distribution occurred with decrease in rubber hardness and thickness distribution is various from one deformation style to other.

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